Chitupa chekuchaja cheAmerican standard (III) - Ruzivo rwekugadzira mapombi eAC (kumberi kwemutsetse wekupinda uye musoro wepfuti inobuda)

Kubva pamaonero emitemo yechigadzirwa, nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzeAC dzakajairwa dzekuAmerica hadzina kusiyana nedzenyika nedzeEurope - dzese dziri mbiri dzinoshanda semaswichi makuru emagetsi, dzichifambisa simba reAC kubva pagrid kuenda kune charger iri mumota (OBC), iyo inozoshandura simba reAC kuita simba reDC kuti ichajise bhatiri remagetsi.

Kunyangwe kazhinji zvakafanana, kuchine mutsauko mukuru muzvinhu zvakawanda zvichienzaniswa nezvinodiwa nenyika neEurope. Zvikasadaro, zvingave nyore kuzvitengesa zvakananga muUnited States pasina shanduko.

(1)

Tisati takurukura nezvemitsetse yekuisa magetsi muNorth American AC charging stations, ngatitangei tataura nezve voltage system yeAC power grid muUnited States.

Masisitimu emagetsi emagetsi enyika zhinji pasi rose anoenderana neekuEurope (hutongi hwenyika nehondo), kureva kuti, voltage yemumba yakajairika i220V ~ 230Vac 50Hz, uye voltage yemagetsi matatu emumaindasitiri i380 ~ 400Vac 50Hz. Zviri pachena kuti voltage yemagetsi emumaindasitiri yakapetwa katatu kupfuura voltage yemumba - musiyano uripo pakati pevoltage yemutsara nevoltage yephase.

Sisitimu yemagetsi muUnited States yakasiyana, ine voltage yemumba iri 120V/240V 60Hz uye voltage yemumaindasitiri iri 480V/277Vac 60Hz yekushandisa mumaindasitiri. Voltage inoshandiswa kumabhizinesi kana mudzimba dzine vanhu vakawanda i120V/208Vac 60Hz, nepo kune mamwe maindasitiri makuru iri 347/600Vac 60Hz.

Unoshamisikawo here kuti sei system yemagetsi muUnited States isina kurongeka kudaro?

Kushandiswa kwemagetsi e110V kwakabva kuna Edison. NdiEdison, anozivikanwa nekugadzira girobhu remwenje. Mushure mekuedza kakawanda nekuenzanisa, akawana kuti girobhu remwenje raive nekushanda kwakasimba uye hupenyu hwebasa hwakareba apo magetsi aive 110V. Saka, muna 1882, Edison akatanga zviri pamutemo magetsi e110V DC kumusika paPearl Street Power Station, chiteshi chekutanga chemagetsi cheDC chekutengesa muUnited States.

Asi tese tinoziva kuti direct current ine dambudziko guru, iro kurasikirwa kukuru kwekupisa panguva yekutumira magetsi kure, izvo zvinopedza simba rakawanda remagetsi. Kuti adzivise kurasikirwa nesimba rakawanda panguva yekutumira magetsi kure, Nikola Tesla akatanga system yake yekuchinja magetsi (AC). Kunyangwe alternating current yakazokunda direct current, zviuru zvemidziyo nemidziyo yakatsaurirwa ku110V zvakanga zvatoiswa mudzimba nemafekitori ekuAmerica panguva iyoyo.

Kuti zvive nyore kuchinja kuenda kunguva yekuchinjana kwemagetsi, Tesla akaita chibvumirano: akaisawo voltage yemumba yekuchinjana magetsi pa110V. Izvi hazvina kungodzivirira chete mari yekushandiswa kwemidziyo yevashandisi vemagetsi, asiwo zvakabvisa kutya kweveruzhinji kwekuchinjana magetsi ane simba guru (izvo zvaifungidzirwa kuti zvinokuvadza hutano hwevanhu panguva iyoyo).

Saka, kushandiswa kwesimba re110V AC muUnited States kwakakonzerwa nekushandisa simba re110V DC.

Nekuuya kwenguva yemagetsi, mainjiniya vakazoona zvishoma nezvishoma kuti zvichienzaniswa nekushandiswa kwemagetsi e220V/240V muEurope, sisitimu ye110V muUnited States yakarasikirwa zvakanyanya pakutumira magetsi ane simba guru uye yaida waya dzemhangura dzakakora kudzivirira kupisa. Asi kana tikavandudza kuenda ku220Vac zvakakwana, mutengo wacho wakakwira zvakanyanya. Midziyo, masoketi, mafiyuzi, uye kunyange network yese yekugovera yeguta mumamiriyoni emhuri muUnited States zvese zvakagadzirwa zvichienderana ne110V.

Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, mainjiniya emagetsi muUnited States vakagadzira "nzira yevhu" yakangwara zvikuru - tekinoroji yechikamu chepakati.

Pakati pewaya inobatidza mhepo newaya isina kupindirana iri pakati, panobva pagadzirwa voltage ye110V/120V, yakagadzirirwa midziyo midiki yemumba yakaita semafoni, materevhizheni, uye magirobhu emwenje (akachengeteka uye asingapisi kana achibatwa).

Kana waya mbiri dzinoshanda dzakaungana pamwechete, dzinoshanduka kuita 220V/240V, dzakagadzirirwa "magetsi emagetsi" akadai sema air conditioner, ma electric water heater, uye ma dryer (ane simba rakawanda uye asingashandisi waya zvakanyanya).

Zvatakanzwisisa mavambo e120Vac ne240Vac, mavambo e208Vac ari nyorewo kunzwisisa. 208V ivoltage yemutsara ye120V (katatu kupfuura mudzi).

(II)

Mushure mekunzwisisa sisitimu yemagetsi muUnited States, ngatitarisei voltage inopinzwa muAmerican AC pile.

Kune mhando nhatu dzemagetsi emagetsi ezviteshi zvekuchaja zveAC zvinoshandiswa muUnited States, zvinoti 120V, 208V, uye 240Vac. Chaizvoizvo, kukwidziridzwa kwemakambani emurwi kuchave kwakavakirwa pamabhendi emagetsi aanotsigira, 110~120Vac kana 200V~240Vac.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzvimbo yekuchaja ine 208V input inopinzwawo ine single-phase input, kwete 16kw kana 22kw sezvatinonzwisisa kuti yakafanana neEurope three-phase five wire input. Zvisinei, kune nzvimbo shoma dzekuchaja dzethree-phase input muUnited States dzakatsvakwa mumusika wese asi hadzisati dzawanikwa.

Pakati pavo, 110~120Vac ipuragi yekubatanidza inogona kutsigira simba remagetsi repamusoro re16A.

Kune nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzeAC dzine 200V ~ 240Vac (208Vac kana 240Vac), mugumo wepamberi wetambo yekupinda unogona kunge uri muchimiro chepuragi kana tambo yemagetsi. Soketi ye "high voltage" ine 240Vac inopinzwa muUnited States (ine waya ina: waya mbiri dzinoshanda, waya imwe isina kusimba, uye waya imwe yepasi) inofanira kuzadzwa nenyanzvi yemagetsi.

Nenzira, soketi yekubatanidza chivharo chekupinda chechiteshi chekuchaja che240Vac AC inofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa neNEMA14-50. Kuwanda kwemagetsi ayo ekutakura i50A. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neAmerican Electrical Installation Standard NFPA 70, simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa nemidziyo yemagetsi harifanirwe kudarika 80% yesoketi yakatarwa. Saka, simba remagetsi rechiteshi chekuchaja che240V AC chine chivharo rinogona kusvika 40A chete, nesimba re9.6kW.

(3)

Mushure mekukurukura zvinodiwa padivi rekuisa magetsi pachiteshi chekuchaja cheAmerican standard AC, ngatisiyanei nechikamu chemagetsi totarisa zvakananga kudivi rekuisa magetsi.

Rutivi rwekubuda kwechiteshi chekuchaja chekutaurirana ruri nyore kwazvo, chinongova chibati chepfuti netambo yepfuti inoenderana nechibati chepfuti.

Kana ukatarisa webhusaiti yenzvimbo dzekutaurirana muUnited States, uchaona kuti chero nzvimbo yekuchaja ine mhando mbiri dzezvigadziko zvepfuti, zvinoti TYPE1 interface inosangana neSAE J1772 uye NACS interface inosangana neTesla SAE J3400.

Maumbirwo chaiwo uye ruzivo rwehukuru hwemusoro wepfuti nemubati wepfuti zvine ma interfaces maviri zvinogona kuwanikwa mumazinga anoenderana.

Mukati, hapana musiyano uripo pakati peTesla's NACS interface neSAE J 1772's TYPE1 interface, dzese dzine waya shanu - L/N/PE/CP/PP. Ehe, dhizaini yaTesla yakangwara zvikuru, ine DC neAC interfaces dziri seti imwe chete.

Panyaya yemusika weNorth America wekutaurirana, nzira yekuchaja inobuda iri kuchinja kubva pane yekare TYPE1 kuenda kune NACS, uye mota dzakawanda dzichasarudza kutsigira Tesla interfaces mune ramangwana. Nzvimbo dzekutanga dzekuchaja dzeAC dzakashongedzerwa neTYPE1 interfaces hadzina kukwanisa kuchaja NACS itsva.

Ehe, hapana chikonzero chekunyanya kunetseka, kune akawanda ma adapter ari pamusika anogona kukubatsira.

Maadapter emusoro wepfuti anorambidzwa zvakanyanya muEuropean standard IEC 61851-1:2017, asi zvikamu zvakadaro hazviwanikwe muUL 2594 muUnited States. Hazvirambidzwe nemutemo, ingozvishandisa zvakananga.

Ndizvo zvese zvinoitwa pakuisa nekuburitsa magetsi pachiteshi chekuchaja cheAmerican standard AC. Munyaya inotevera, tichagovana ruzivo rwekugadzira "dzimba".