Daim ntawv pov thawj American standard charging pile (III) - Cov ntsiab lus tsim ntawm AC piles (pem hauv ntej ntawm kab nkag thiab lub taub hau phom tso zis)

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov ntsiab cai ntawm cov khoom lag luam, cov chaw them hluav taws xob AC txheem Asmeskas tsis txawv ntawm cov qauv hauv tebchaws thiab European - lawv ob leeg ua haujlwm ua cov hloov hluav taws xob loj, coj hluav taws xob AC los ntawm lub grid mus rau lub charger onboard (OBC) hauv lub tsheb, uas tom qab ntawd hloov hluav taws xob AC mus rau DC fais fab los them lub roj teeb fais fab.

Txawm hais tias feem ntau lawv zoo ib yam, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam ntsiab lus piv rau cov qauv hauv tebchaws thiab European. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav yooj yim dhau los muag lawv ncaj qha hauv Tebchaws Meskas yam tsis muaj kev hloov kho.

(1)

Ua ntej peb tham txog cov kab nkag ntawm North American AC charging stations, cia peb xub qhia txog lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm AC power grid hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Cov kab ke fais fab ntawm feem ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb no tau sib haum nrog cov ntawm Tebchaws Europe (kev tswj hwm thiab kev ua tsov ua rog), uas yog, qhov hluav taws xob hauv tsev neeg ib txwm yog 220V ~ 230Vac 50Hz, thiab qhov hluav taws xob peb theem hauv kev lag luam yog 380 ~ 400Vac 50Hz. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam yog peb zaug ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hauv tsev neeg - qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm kab thiab qhov hluav taws xob theem.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog qhov tshwj xeeb, nrog rau lub zog hluav taws xob hauv tsev neeg yog 120V/240V 60Hz thiab lub zog hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam yog 480V/277Vac 60Hz rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam. Lub zog hluav taws xob siv rau kev lag luam lossis kev nyob hauv tsev neeg yog 120V/208Vac 60Hz, thaum rau qee qhov kev lag luam hnyav loj nws yog 347/600Vac 60Hz.

Koj puas xav tsis thoob tias vim li cas lub zog hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiaj li tsis sib haum xeeb.

Kev siv hluav taws xob 110V tau pib los ntawm Edison. Edison yog tus uas paub zoo txog kev tsim lub teeb. Tom qab ntau qhov kev sim thiab kev sib piv, nws pom tias lub teeb muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab lub neej ntev tshaj plaws thaum lub zog hluav taws xob yog 110V. Yog li, xyoo 1882, Edison tau tshaj tawm 110V DC hluav taws xob rau kev ua lag luam ntawm Pearl Street Power Station, thawj lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob DC hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Tiam sis peb txhua tus paub tias qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha muaj qhov tsis zoo loj, uas yog qhov poob cua sov hnyav thaum lub sijhawm xa mus deb, uas ua rau pov tseg ntau lub zog hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob poob zog ntau dhau thaum lub sijhawm xa mus deb, Nikola Tesla tau qhia nws lub kaw lus hluav taws xob hloov pauv (AC). Txawm hais tias qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv thaum kawg yeej qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha, ntau txhiab lub cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv uas mob siab rau 110V twb tau teeb tsa hauv tsev neeg Asmeskas thiab cov chaw tsim khoom thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.

Yuav kom yooj yim hloov mus rau lub caij nyoog ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv, Tesla tau ua ib qho kev pom zoo: nws kuj tau teeb tsa lub zog hluav taws xob hauv tsev ntawm 110V. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev nqis peev ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov neeg siv uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis kuj tshem tawm cov pej xeem txoj kev ntshai ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv siab (uas feem ntau ntseeg tias muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd).

Yog li ntawd, kev siv 110V AC fais fab hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog qhov khoom ntawm kev siv 110V DC fais fab.

Nrog rau lub caij nyoog hluav taws xob los txog, cov kws ua haujlwm tau maj mam paub tias piv rau kev siv hluav taws xob 220V/240V hauv Tebchaws Europe tom qab, lub kaw lus 110V hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau raug kev puas tsuaj ntau dua thaum xa hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab xav tau cov xov hlau tooj liab tuab dua kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov. Tab sis yog tias peb hloov kho mus rau 220Vac kom dav, tus nqi siab dhau. Cov khoom siv, cov qhov (sockets), cov fuses, thiab txawm tias tag nrho lub nroog lub network faib khoom hauv ntau lab tsev neeg thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas yog tsim raws li 110V.

Vim li no, cov kws ua hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim ib txoj kev "av" ntse heev - Split phase technology.

Nruab nrab ntawm cov xov hlau uas muaj sia nyob thiab cov xov hlau nruab nrab hauv nruab nrab, muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 110V/120V, tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev me me xws li xov tooj ntawm tes, TV, thiab lub teeb (muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis kub rau kov).

Thaum ob txoj xov hlau uas muaj sia nyob raug muab sib dhos ua ke, lawv tam sim ntawd hloov mus ua 220V/240V, tsim tshwj xeeb rau "cov tsov hluav taws xob" xws li cua txias, cua sov dej hluav taws xob, thiab tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab siv xov hlau tsawg).

Tom qab nkag siab txog keeb kwm ntawm 120Vac thiab 240Vac, keeb kwm ntawm 208Vac kuj yooj yim to taub. 208V yog lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm 120V (peb npaug ntawm lub hauv paus).

(II)

Tom qab nkag siab txog lub zog hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tam sim no cia peb saib qhov hluav taws xob nkag ntawm American AC pile.

Muaj peb hom voltage rau cov chaw them hluav taws xob AC ib txwm siv hauv Tebchaws Meskas, uas yog 120V, 208V, thiab 240Vac. Yeej, kev txhawb nqa cov tuam txhab pile yuav raws li cov voltage bands uas lawv txhawb nqa, 110 ~ 120Vac lossis 200V ~ 240Vac.

Yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub chaw them fais fab nrog 208V qhov nkag kuj yog ib theem nkag, tsis yog 16kw lossis 22kw vim peb nkag siab tias nws zoo ib yam li European peb theem tsib xaim nkag. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob peb lub chaw them fais fab peb theem hauv Tebchaws Meskas uas tau tshawb nrhiav thoob plaws hauv kev ua lag luam tab sis tseem tsis tau pom.

Ntawm lawv, 110 ~ 120Vac yog qhov txuas ntsaws ib txwm uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no ntawm 16A.

Rau cov chaw them hluav taws xob AC uas muaj qhov nkag 200V ~ 240Vac (208Vac lossis 240Vac), qhov kawg ntawm kab nkag tuaj yeem ua daim ntawv ntawm lub qhov ntsaws lossis lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Lub qhov (socket) "high voltage" nrog qhov nkag 240Vac hauv Tebchaws Meskas (muaj plaub txoj hlua: ob txoj hlua muaj sia, ib txoj hlua nruab nrab, thiab ib txoj hlua av) yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm tus kws hluav taws xob.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub qhov (socket) rau txuas lub qhov ntsaws ntawm lub chaw them hluav taws xob 240Vac AC yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm NEMA14-50. Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no yog 50A. Raws li cov cai ntawm American Electrical Installation Standard NFPA 70, qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 80% ntawm lub qhov (socket) uas tau ntsuas. Yog li, qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no ntawm lub chaw them hluav taws xob 240V input AC nrog lub qhov (socket) tsuas yog tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40A, nrog lub zog ntawm 9.6kW.

(3)

Tom qab tham txog cov kev cai rau sab nkag ntawm American standard AC charging station, cia peb hla lub plhaub thiab saib ncaj qha rau sab tso zis.

Sab tso zis ntawm qhov chaw them hluav taws xob sib txuas lus yooj yim heev, tsuas yog lub tuav phom thiab txoj hlua phom uas phim lub tuav phom xwb.

Yog koj mus saib lub vev xaib chaw sib txuas lus hauv Tebchaws Meskas, koj yuav pom tias txhua qhov chaw them hluav taws xob yuav muab ob hom qhov (sockets) phom, uas yog TYPE1 interface uas ua tau raws li SAE J1772 thiab NACS interface uas ua tau raws li Tesla SAE J3400.

Cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus loj ntawm lub taub hau phom thiab lub tuav phom nrog ob lub interfaces tuaj yeem pom hauv cov qauv sib xws.

Sab hauv, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm Tesla's NACS interface thiab SAE J 1772's TYPE1 interface, ob qho tib si muaj tsib txoj hlua - L/N/PE/CP/PP. Tau kawg, Tesla tus qauv tsim yog ntse heev, nrog ob qho tib si DC thiab AC interfaces yog tib qho teeb tsa.

Hais txog kev lag luam sib txuas lus hauv North America, qhov interface them hluav taws xob tso zis hloov pauv los ntawm TYPE1 interface qub mus rau NACS interface, thiab ntau lub tsheb yuav xaiv los txhawb Tesla interfaces yav tom ntej. Cov chaw them hluav taws xob AC thaum ntxov uas muaj TYPE1 interfaces tsis tuaj yeem them NACS tshiab.

Tau kawg, tsis tas yuav txhawj ntau dhau, muaj ntau cov adapters hauv khw uas tuaj yeem pab koj.

Cov cuab yeej hloov rab phom raug txwv tsis pub siv hauv European tus qauv IEC 61851-1: 2017, tab sis cov kab lus no tsis pom muaj nyob hauv UL 2594 hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws tsis raug txwv los ntawm txoj cai, tsuas yog siv nws ncaj qha xwb.

Qhov ntawd yog txhua yam rau sab nkag thiab sab tawm ntawm American standard AC charging station. Hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej, peb yuav qhia cov ntsiab lus tsim ntawm "tsev".