Magani na BESS mai sassauƙa don Cibiyoyin Cajin EV masu ƙarfi

Amsa Mai Sauri

Ƙarfin aiki shine babban ƙalubalen injiniya na cibiyoyin caji na EV masu ƙarfi: wurin caji huɗu na yau dole ne ya zama cibiyar megawatt mai caji goma sha shida ta gobe ba tare da sake ginawa ba. Magani na BESS mai tsari yana amsa wannan da abubuwa uku da ke girma tare - na'urorin kabad (120-300 kWh), na'urorin caji na BESS da aka haɗa (200-625 kWh tare da caji da aka gina a ciki), da kuma tsarin da aka haɗa da kwantena (1-2 MWh+) - duk ana sarrafa su ta hanyar EMS guda ɗaya wanda ke ɗaukar ajiya, na'urorin caji, da haɗin grid a matsayin hanya ɗaya. Saboda ƙarfin baturi da na'urorin wutar lantarki ana ƙara su yayin da wurin ke aiki, masu aiki za su iya rage kashe kuɗi tare da haɓaka zirga-zirga, su riƙe haɗin grid ɗin ƙarami, kuma su hau canjin daga 120 kW zuwa 960 kW da sama zuwa cajin MCS megawatt. Dokar babban yatsa: girman haɗin grid don zirga-zirgar yau, girman tsarin BESS don gobe.

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

• Abubuwan siffofi na zamani - kabad, haɗe-haɗe, kwantena - bari cibiyoyin su auna ƙarfin kW da kWh ba tare da dakatar da aiki ba.
• Tsarin BESS na lokaci-lokaci yana daidaita kashe kuɗi da haɓaka zirga-zirga kuma yana guje wa ƙaruwar farashi a rana ta farko.
• EMS da aka raba shine ginshiƙin scalability: jirgin sarrafawa ɗaya don ajiya, caji, da ayyukan grid a kowane ma'auni.
• Cibiyoyin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi (480 kW–2 MW) suna buƙatar na'urorin wutar lantarki masu sanyaya ruwa da kuma sarrafa zafin batirin don riƙe fitarwa mai ƙima.
• Wuraren da aka takaita amfani da grid suna amfani da BESS don haɓaka ƙarfin caji ba tare da jiran haɓakawa ga na'urar canza wutar lantarki ba.

Matsalar Girma a Cajin Mai Amfani da Wutar Lantarki Mai Kyau

Bukatar caji ta jama'a ba ta girma a layi ɗaya ba - tana tafiya a ƙasa. Cibiyar babbar hanya da ke buɗewa da caja huɗu masu ƙarfin 120 kW na iya ganin amfani sau uku cikin watanni 24 yayin da jiragen ruwa masu maƙwabtaka ke ƙara wutar lantarki, wanda hakan ke tilasta faɗaɗawa zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa goma sha biyu ko goma sha shida. Amsar da aka saba bayarwa, babbar transfoma da ƙarin caja, ta ci karo da abubuwa biyu: haɓaka transfoma ya kashe dala 50,000–200,000 tare da lokutan jagora na watanni 12-18, kuma yarjejeniyar haɗin wutar lantarki ana sake tattaunawa cikin wahala. Masu aiki waɗanda ke ginawa don zirga-zirgar yau sun rage girmansu; masu aiki waɗanda ke ginawa don jarin sharar zirga-zirgar gobe a kan rashin aiki.

BESS yana raba wutar lantarki daga wutar lantarki. Cibiyar za ta iya shigar da na'urori masu caji masu ƙarfi nan take, ta sarrafa su daga fitar da batir a lokacin kololuwa, sannan ta zana siffar da aka rufe, mai dorewa daga tashar. Lokacin da cunkoson ababen hawa ya ƙaru, mai aiki yana ƙara kabad ko kwantena da na'urorin wutar lantarki - ba na'urorin canza wutar lantarki ba. Wannan shine samfurin daidaitawa da cibiyoyin sadarwa na megawatt a Turai da Arewacin Amurka ke haɗuwa a kai, kuma shine dalilin da ya sa layin samfurin MIDA ya mamaye kabad, tashoshin da aka haɗa, da kwantena da aka gina a kusa da na'urorin wutar lantarki na gama gari.

Dalilai Uku na Siffa, Labari Daya na Daidaitawa

Mafita na BESS don cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi suna zuwa cikin abubuwa uku masu jituwa. Zaɓar daga cikinsu ba zaɓi ɗaya/ko zaɓi ɗaya ba ne - cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki masu girma suna gudanar da dukkan ukun:

Ra'ayin haɗa kai: kowace siffa tana magana da harshe ɗaya na EMS kuma tana amfani da tubalan gini iri ɗaya - canza AC-DC mai kusurwa biyu, rakodin batirin da aka sanyaya da ruwa, da kuma na'urorin wutar lantarki na DC masu motsi. Mai aiki zai iya farawa da na'urori biyu [masu caji na BESS masu haɗawa](https://www.midapower.com/integrated-bess-charger/), ƙara [kabad ɗin caji na BESS](https://www.midapower.com/bess-charger-cabinet/) lokacin da jirgin sama ya yi kwangilar sauka, kuma ya faɗi a cikin akwati [2 MWh](https://www.midapower.com/bess-charger-container/) lokacin da cibiyar ta kai girman megawatt, tare da dandamalin sarrafawa guda ɗaya da ƙwarewar gyara guda ɗaya da aka saita a duk faɗinsa.

Tsarin Girma: Daga Caja Huɗu zuwa Ashirin da Huɗu

Tambayar da kowane ma'aikaci ke yi ita ce "nawa batirin, kuma yaushe?" Hanyar girman da ke ƙasa ta tabbatar da inganci a cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa, cibiyoyin manyan hanyoyi, da wuraren da za a je:

1. Samfurin lanƙwasa nauyin.Bayanin watanni 12 na zaman da ake tsammani: zaman kowace rana, matsakaicin kuzari a kowace zaman, da kuma tarin isowa. Tagar kololuwa (yawanci 16:00–20:00 ko tsakar rana ga jiragen ruwa) tana bayyana tagar fitarwa. 2.Girman haɗin grid na yau.Yana ɗaukar kashi 60-70% kawai na buƙatar caji mafi girma a matsayin ƙarfin grid. Batirin yana samar da bambanci a lokacin kololuwar aiki. 3.Girman batirin don matakin girma.Kowace ƙaruwar ƙarfin aiki (misali, +200 kWh) ya kamata ta shafi watanni 18-24 masu zuwa na ƙaruwar kaya. Wannan shine wuri mai kyau tsakanin ingancin jari da kuma yawan sake bayar da kuɗi. 4.Ƙara ƙarfi a cikin ƙaruwar module.Fitar da na'urorin wutar lantarki (daidaitaccen 30–60 kW, mai sanyaya ruwa 40–125 kW). Saboda na'urorin suna da sauƙin canzawa a cikin kabad ɗin MIDA, haɓaka wutar lantarki ba ya buƙatar sabbin wuraren caja. 5.Sake kimanta kwata-kwata.Bayanan zirga-zirga suna ciyar da tsarin juyawa; ana iya ƙara kwantena a cikin zagayowar siye ta yau da kullun lokacin da amfani ya wuce iyakar.

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna matsayin cibiya zuwa saitunan BESS:

Yankin Megawatt: 960 kW zuwa 2 MWh da Sama

Wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi tana tura cibiyoyin wutar lantarki fiye da alamar 1 MW, inda yanayi biyu ke canza injiniyanci: matakan wutar lantarki na caja yanzu sun kai 600 kW–1.5 MW a kowace toshe (MCS ga manyan motoci), kuma sarrafa zafi ya zama ƙa'idar ƙofa. A waɗannan matakan wutar lantarki, kebul 500 na A+ masu sanyaya ruwa da na'urorin wutar lantarki masu sanyaya ruwa sun zama dole - sanyaya iska ba za ta iya ƙin yawan zafi ba. [na'urorin wutar lantarki masu sanyaya ruwa](https://www.midapower.com/liquid-cooled-power-module/) (40–125 kW) da tsarin wutar lantarki mai faɗi na V 1,000 suna tallafawa saitunan aji na megawatt, tare da cikakkun [tashoshin caji na BESS](https://www.midapower.com/bess-charging-station/) kamar na'urar 960 kW/2 MWh da tsarin 480 kW/1 MWh da aka tsara don wannan aikin.

Ga masu aiki da cibiya, sauyin megawatt yana ƙarfafa ƙa'idar daidaitawa: kwantena mai ƙarfin MWh 2 ba babban kabad ba ne, wani nau'in kadarar makamashi ne daban wanda ke ciyar da bas ɗin DC na cibiya gaba ɗaya. EMS yana sasantawa tsakanin kwantena, kabad, da motocin da aka haɗa, yana tabbatar da cewa farashin da aka kashe na ƙara ƙarin filogi 600 kW shine na'urar wutar lantarki da kebul - ba tashar substation ba.

Takaddun Grid: Lokacin da BESS Shine Hanya Daya Tilo Ta Faɗaɗawa

Yawancin wuraren da suka fi daraja — gundumomin birane masu cike da jama'a, wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, da wuraren hidimar manyan hanyoyi — suna kan wuraren ciyar da abinci mai cike da jama'a inda kamfanin ba zai iya tabbatar da ƙarin ƙarfin aiki na tsawon shekaru ba. A waɗannan wuraren, BESS ba ingantaccen tattalin arziki ba ne; fasahar da ke ba da damar aiki ce. Wurin yana jawo ƙarfinsa akai-akai, yana adana makamashi a lokacin ƙarancin zirga-zirga (gami da dare ɗaya), kuma yana ba da wutar lantarki fiye da ƙimar haɗi don tagogi masu dorewa. Masu aiki suna ƙirƙirar microgrid na sirri yadda ya kamata a saman sabis na grid mai rufewa.

Wannan yanayin aiki yana canza yanayin haɗarin da ke cikin yardar mai aiki: babu jira na haɗin gwiwa, babu fashewar buƙatun-kuɗi, da kuma garantin wadatar wutar lantarki ga abokan ciniki ko da a lokacin kololuwar grid. Duk da haka, ƙirar dole ne ta haɗa da kariyar tsibirai masu ƙarfi da inverters masu bin ka'idar grid don cibiyar ta katsewa cikin tsabta yayin abubuwan amfani kuma ta sake haɗuwa ta atomatik - bin ƙa'idodin da takardar shaidar yanki (CE, UL, lambobin grid na gida) suka tabbatar.

La'akari da Aiki a Sikeli

Haɓaka kayan aiki ba tare da ayyukan haɓaka ba shine yadda ribar cibiya ke ɓuya. Ginshiƙai guda huɗu na aiki suna kiyaye cibiya mai tasowa lafiya:

1. EMS ɗaya, gaskiya ɗaya.Tsarin sarrafa makamashi guda ɗaya yana tattara yanayin caji na BESS, nauyin caji, buƙatun aunawa, da siginar grid. Sarrafa mai rarrabuwa a tsakanin masu siyarwa shine yanayin gazawar da aka fi sani a cikin cibiyoyin da aka auna. 2.OCPP 2.0.1 da kuma hanyoyin buɗewa.Caja da ajiya dole ne su fallasa hanyoyin sarrafawa da na'urorin sadarwa na lantarki da EMS ke buƙata. OCPP 2.0.1's SmartCharging da ikon sarrafa na'urori sune tushen aiki don daidaita kadarori da yawa. 3.Gudanar da zafi a matsayin tsarin aji na farko.Dole ne a tsara sanyaya ruwa ga wuraren ajiyar batir da manyan na'urori masu ƙarfi a cikin tsarin, ba a haɗa su da maƙulli ba. A sikelin 960 kW, rage zafi har ma da kashi 10% yana haifar da asarar kuɗi mai lambobi shida a cikin shekara guda. 4.Rashin samun kudin shiga.A ma'aunin cibiyar sadarwa, cajin caji guda ɗaya da ya gaza abin da abokin ciniki ke fuskanta ne, amma gazawar EMS na nufin katsewar kudaden shiga. Sanya na'urori masu sarrafawa da ba su da yawa, raba bas ɗin DC a kan kwantena, kuma ajiye na'urorin wutar lantarki da aka ajiye a wurin - na'urorin da za a iya musanyawa da zafi suna yin gyaran mintuna 15 daga gazawar kwanaki 3.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Ta yaya BESS ke sa cibiyar caji ta zama mai sauƙin daidaitawa?BESS yana raba wutar lantarki daga wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki. Masu aiki suna ƙara caja da ƙarfin baturi a ƙaru yayin da suke zana bayanin martabar grid mai rufewa, suna guje wa haɓaka transfoma da jinkirin haɗin kai wanda yawanci ke buɗewa.

2. Waɗanne girma na BESS ne ake da su ga cibiyoyin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi?Tsarin aiki yana gudana daga na'urorin kabad a ƙarfin 120–300 kWh, ta hanyar caja na BESS da aka haɗa a ƙarfin 200–625 kWh, zuwa tsarin da aka haɗa a cikin kwantena a ƙarfin 800 kWh–2 MWh. Layin MIDA ya ƙunshi dukkan nau'ikan siffofi guda uku akan dandamalin module na wutar lantarki gama gari.

3. Zan iya faɗaɗa cibiyar BESS ba tare da dakatar da aiki ba?Eh. Kabad na zamani, kwantena, da na'urorin wutar lantarki masu sauyawa masu zafi suna ba da damar ƙara ƙarfin aiki yayin da wurin ke ci gaba da caji. Faɗaɗawa taron siye ne, ba aikin gini ba.

4. Wane girman haɗin grid nake buƙata don cibiya mai ƙarfin 480 kW tare da BESS?Cibiya mai ƙarfin 480 kW tare da ƙarfin 625 kWh–1 MWh BESS yawanci tana aiki akan haɗin 250–400 kVA. Batirin yana samar da mafi girman buƙata yayin da grid ɗin ke rufe matsakaicin bayanin martaba.

5. Me yasa sanyaya ruwa yake da mahimmanci a ma'aunin megawatt?A kan ƙarfin 600 kW–1.5 MW a kowace filogi, sanyaya iska ba zai iya ƙin yawan zafi na na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi da kuma wuraren adana batir ba. Na'urori da kebul masu sanyaya ruwa suna kiyaye fitarwa mai ƙima da tsawon rai a cikin yanayi mai zafi - dole ne ya wuce ƙarfin cibiyar kusan 480 kW.

6. Ta yaya zan zaɓi tsakanin kabad, tashoshin da aka haɗa, da kwantena?Daidaita yanayin da matakin girma: haɗakar na'urorin caji na BESS don jigilar kayayyaki a cikin tsari mai tsari, kabad don ƙara ƙarfin aiki tare da na'urorin caji na yanzu, da kwantena don ajiyar makamashi na matakin cibiyar da ayyukan grid a sikelin 1 MWh+.

7. Wace rawa EMS ke takawa a cikin cibiyar da aka daidaita?EMS ita ce tsarin sarrafawa wanda ke daidaita fitar da batir, nauyin caji, buƙatun aunawa, da siginar grid a duk kadarori. Wannan shine abin da ke sa cibiyoyin caji da yawa, da na'urori masu caji da yawa su yi aiki a matsayin tsarin da aka amince da shi, wanda aka inganta shi don samun kuɗi maimakon tarin sassa.