IYurophu ne-United States: uxhaso lwenqubomgomo luyanda, ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja kuyaqhubeka nokusheshisa

Ngaphansi komgomo wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, i-EU kanye namazwe aseYurophu basheshise ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazo zenqubomgomo. Emakethe yaseYurophu, kusukela ngo-2019, uhulumeni wase-UK umemezele ukuthi uzotshala ama-pound ayizigidi ezingu-300 ezindleleni zokuhamba ezinobungani nemvelo, kanti iFrance yamemezela ngo-2020 ukuthi izosebenzisa ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-100 ukutshala imali ekwakhiweni kweziteshi zokushaja. NgoJulayi 14, 2021, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yakhipha iphakheji ebizwa ngokuthi “fit for 55″, edinga amazwe angamalungu ukuba asheshise ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yezimoto ezintsha zamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isiteshi sokushaja izimoto zikagesi njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-60 emigwaqweni emikhulu; ngo-2022, amazwe aseYurophu aqalise izinqubomgomo ezithile, okuhlanganisa nezibonelelo zokwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja zezentengiselwano kanye neziteshi zokushaja ekhaya, ezingamboza izindleko zokwakha nokufaka imishini yokushaja futhi zikhuthaze abathengi ukuthi bathenge amashaja.

Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu aqalise izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza iziteshi zikagesi zasekhaya kanye neziteshi zikagesi zezentengiselwano ukuze kukhuthazwe ngamandla ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja. Amazwe ayishumi nanhlanu, okuhlanganisa iJalimane, iFrance, i-UK, iSpain, i-Italy, iNetherlands, i-Austria kanye neSweden, aqalise izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza iziteshi zokushaja zasekhaya nezezentengiselwano ngokulandelana.

Izinga lokukhula kweziteshi zokushaja eYurophu liphansi kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, kanti iziteshi zomphakathi ziphezulu. Unyaka ka-2020 no-2021 kuzobona izimoto ezintsha zamandla eziyizigidi ezingu-2.46 kanye neziyizigidi ezingu-4.37 eYurophu ngokulandelana, +77.3% kanye +48.0% unyaka nonyaka; izinga lokungena kwezimoto zikagesi likhuphuka ngokushesha, futhi isidingo semishini yokushaja naso sikhula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokukhula kwemishini yokushaja eYurophu liphansi kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngakho-ke, kulinganiselwa ukuthi isilinganiso seziteshi zokushaja ze-EV zomphakathi eYurophu sizoba ngu-9.0 kanye no-12.3 ngo-2020 kanye no-2021 ngokulandelana, okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Le nqubomgomo izosheshisa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja eYurophu, okuzokhulisa kakhulu isidingo seziteshi zokushaja. Iziteshi zokushaja ezingu-360,000 zizobanjelwa eYurophu ngo-2021, kanti usayizi omusha wemakethe uzoba cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-470. Kulindeleke ukuthi usayizi omusha wemakethe wesiteshi sokushaja eYurophu uzofinyelela ku-USD 3.7 billion ngo-2025, futhi izinga lokukhula lizohlala liphezulu futhi isikhala semakethe sikhulu.

Ishaja yokupaka 2

Uxhaso lwase-US alukaze lubonwe ngaphambili, luvuselela ngamandla isidingo. Emakethe yase-US, ngoNovemba 2021, iSenate yaphasisa ngokusemthethweni umthethosivivinywa wengqalasizinda yezinhlangothi zombili, ohlela ukutshala imali eyizigidigidi ezingama-7.5 zamaRandi ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda yokushaja. NgoSepthemba 14, 2022, uBiden wamemezela eDetroit Auto Show ukuvunyelwa koxhaso lokuqala lwezigidi ezingama-900 zamaRandi ohlelweni lwengqalasizinda lokwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi ezifundazweni ezingama-35. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2022, izifundazwe zase-US ziye zasheshisa uxhaso lokwakha lweziteshi zokushaja ze-EV zokuhlala nezentengiselwano ukuze kusheshiswe ukuqaliswa kweziteshi zokushaja. Inani loxhaso lweshaja ye-AC yokuhlala yesiteshi esisodwa ligxile ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-US$200-500; inani loxhaso lwesiteshi sikahulumeni se-AC liphezulu, ligxile ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-US$3,000-6,000, elingamboza u-40%-50% wokuthengwa kwemishini yokushaja, futhi likhuthaze kakhulu abathengi ukuthi bathenge ishaja ye-EV. Ngokukhuthazwa kwenqubomgomo, kulindeleke ukuthi iziteshi zokushaja eYurophu nase-United States zizoletha isikhathi sokwakha esisheshayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamashaja E-DC EV e-US

Uhulumeni wase-US ukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja, futhi isidingo seziteshi zokushaja sizobona ukukhula okusheshayo. I-Tesla ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla emakethe yase-US, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja kusasele ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, inani leziteshi zokushaja zezimoto ezintsha zamandla e-US lalingamayunithi ayi-113,000, kanti inani lezimoto ezintsha zamandla lalingamayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-2.202, kanye nesilinganiso sesiteshi sezimoto esingu-15.9.

Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sokushaja ngokusobala akwanele. Uhulumeni kaBiden ukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja nge-EV ngohlelo lwe-NEVI. Inethiwekhi kazwelonke yeziteshi zokushaja ezingu-500,000 izosungulwa ngo-2030, ngezindinganiso ezintsha zesivinini sokushaja, ukumbozwa komsebenzisi, ukusebenzisana, izinhlelo zokukhokha, amanani nezinye izici. Ukwanda kokungena kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla okuhambisana nokusekelwa okuqinile kwenqubomgomo kuzoqhuba kakhulu ukukhula okusheshayo kwesidingo sesiteshi sokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla e-US kukhula ngokushesha, ngezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezingu-652,000 ezithengisiwe ngo-2021 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele ku-3.07 million ngo-2025, nge-CAGR engu-36.6%, kanye nobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla obufinyelela ku-9.06 million. Iziteshi zokushaja ziyingqalasizinda ebalulekile yezimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhi ukwanda kobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla kumele kuhambisane nezinqwaba zokushaja ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokushaja zabanikazi bezimoto.

Isidingo sesiteshi sokushaja sase-United States kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke sikhula ngokushesha, isikhala semakethe sikhulu. Ngo-2021 usayizi ophelele wemakethe yeshaja ye-EV yase-United States mncane, cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-180, ngokukhula okusheshayo kobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla okubangelwa yishaja ye-EV esekela isidingo sokwakha, imakethe yeshaja ye-EV kazwelonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele usayizi ophelele wamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.78 ngo-2025, i-CAGR ifinyelela ku-70%, imakethe iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, isikhala semakethe esizayo sikhulu. Imakethe iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, futhi imakethe yesikhathi esizayo inesikhala esikhulu.