Uburayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika: inkunga za politiki ziyongera, imirimo yo kubaka sitasiyo zo gushyuza ikomeje kwihutishwa

Mu rwego rwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi n’ibihugu by’i Burayi byihutishije iyubakwa ry’imiyoboro yo gushyushya ibinyabiziga binyuze mu ngamba za politiki. Ku isoko ry’i Burayi, kuva mu 2019, guverinoma y’Ubwongereza yatangaje ko izashora miliyoni 300 z’amapawundi mu buryo bwo gutwara abantu butangiza ibidukikije, naho Ubufaransa butangaza mu 2020 ko buzakoresha miliyoni 100 z’amayero mu ishoramari mu iyubakwa ry’imiyoboro yo gushyushya ibinyabiziga. Ku ya 14 Nyakanga 2021, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yasohoye gahunda yiswe "fit for 55″", isaba ibihugu bigize umuryango kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo bishya by’imodoka zikoresha ingufu kugira ngo habeho sitasiyo yo gushyushya ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi buri kilometero 60 ku mihanda minini; muri 2022, ibihugu by’i Burayi byashyizeho politiki zihariye, zirimo inkunga yo kubaka sitasiyo z’ubucuruzi zo gushyushya ibinyabiziga n’imiyoboro yo gushyushya ibinyabiziga mu ngo, zishobora kwishyura ikiguzi cyo kubaka no gushyiraho ibikoresho byo gushyushya ibinyabiziga no guteza imbere abaguzi kugura chargers.

Ibihugu byinshi by’i Burayi byashyizeho politiki yo gushishikariza ibigo by’amashanyarazi byo mu ngo n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi kugira ngo biteze imbere cyane iyubakwa ry’ibigo by’amashanyarazi. Ibihugu cumi na bitanu, birimo Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, Esipanye, Ubutaliyani, Ubuholandi, Otirishiya na Suwede, byashyizeho politiki yo gushishikariza ibigo by’amashanyarazi byo mu ngo n’ubucuruzi kimwe kimwe.

Igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa bishya mu Burayi kiri inyuma y’igurishwa ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, kandi sitasiyo rusange ziri hejuru. 2020 na 2021 hazaba hari imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu miliyoni 2.46 na miliyoni 4.37 mu Burayi, +77.3% na +48.0% uko umwaka ugenda uhita; igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’imodoka zikoresha ingufu kirimo kwiyongera cyane, kandi icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nacyo kirimo kwiyongera cyane. Ariko, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu mu Burayi kiri inyuma cyane y’igurishwa ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, biteganyijwe ko igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bikoresha ingufu za EV mu Burayi kizaba 9.0 na 12.3 muri 2020 na 2021, ibyo bikaba biri ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Iyi politiki izihutisha iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya mu Burayi, ibi bikazamura cyane icyifuzo cy’ahantu ho gushyushya. Ahantu ho gushyushya 360.000 hazabera i Burayi mu 2021, kandi ingano nshya y’isoko izaba hafi miliyoni 470 z’amadolari. Biteganijwe ko ingano nshya y’isoko ry’ahantu ho gushyushya amashanyarazi mu Burayi izagera kuri miliyari 3.7 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2025, kandi umuvuduko w’iterambere uzakomeza kuba hejuru kandi isoko rikaba rinini.

Shyiramo imodoka 2

Inkunga ya Amerika ni idasanzwe, ishishikariza cyane icyifuzo. Ku isoko rya Amerika, mu Gushyingo 2021, Sena yemeje ku mugaragaro umushinga w’itegeko ry’ibikorwa remezo bihuriweho n’ibihugu bibiri, uteganya gushora miliyari 7.5 z’amadolari mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo bishyuza. Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2022, Biden yatangaje mu imurikagurisha rya Detroit Auto Show kwemeza inkunga ya mbere ya miliyoni 900 z’amadolari mu bikorwa remezo byo kubaka sitasiyo zishyuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri leta 35. Kuva muri Kanama 2022, leta za Amerika zihutishije inkunga y’ubwubatsi ku sitasiyo zishyuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo zihutishe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibigo bishyuza imodoka. Inkunga y’inkunga ku bikoresho bishyuza imodoka bikoresha amashanyarazi biri kuri sitasiyo imwe iri hagati ya $200-500; inkunga y’ibikoresho bishyuza imodoka bikoresha amashanyarazi rusange iri hejuru, iri hagati ya $3,000-6,000, ishobora kwishyura 40%-50% by’igura ry’ibikoresho bishyuza imodoka, kandi igateza imbere cyane abaguzi kugura ibikoresho bishyuza imodoka bikoresha amashanyarazi. Bitewe n’iyi politiki, biteganijwe ko sitasiyo zishyuza imodoka mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zizazana igihe cy’ubwubatsi cyihuta mu myaka mike iri imbere.

Iterambere ry'amashaja ya DC EV muri Amerika

Guverinoma ya Amerika ishyigikiye cyane iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija, kandi icyifuzo cy’aho gusharija kizabona iterambere ryihuse. Tesla ishyigikira iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ku isoko rya Amerika, ariko iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija riri inyuma y’iterambere ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Mu mpera za 2021, umubare w’aho gusharija imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu muri Amerika wari 113.000, mu gihe umubare w’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu wari miliyoni 2.202, aho igipimo cy’imodoka na sitasiyo y’imodoka ari 15.9.

Kubaka sitasiyo yo gusharija biragaragara ko bidahagije. Ubuyobozi bwa Biden burimo guteza imbere iyubakwa ry'ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija bya EV binyuze muri gahunda ya NEVI. Hazashyirwaho umuyoboro mu gihugu hose w'amasitasiyo 500.000 yo gusharija bitarenze 2030, hamwe n'amahame mashya yo kwihuta mu gusharija, uburyo abakoresha bakwirakwira, uburyo bwo gukorana, uburyo bwo kwishyura, ibiciro n'ibindi. Kwiyongera kw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu hamwe n'inkunga ikomeye ya politiki bizatuma umubare w'abakenera sitasiyo zo gusharija wiyongera cyane. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro n'igurishwa ry'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu muri Amerika biri kwiyongera cyane, aho imodoka nshya 652.000 zikoresha ingufu zagurishijwe mu 2021 kandi biteganijwe ko zizagera kuri miliyoni 3.07 mu 2025, hamwe na CAGR ya 36.6%, n'abafite imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bagera kuri miliyoni 9.06. Amasitasiyo yo gusharija ni ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, kandi kwiyongera kw'abafite imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bigomba kujyana n'imirongo yo gusharija kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo ba nyir'imodoka bakeneye gusharija.

Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa bya sitasiyo zo gushyushya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kizakomeza kwiyongera cyane, isoko ni rinini cyane. Mu 2021, isoko ry’ibikoresho bya EV muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni rito, hafi miliyoni 180 z’amadolari y’Amerika, hamwe n’izamuka ryihuse ry’ubwikorezi bw’ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu ryatewe na EV charger ishyigikira icyifuzo cy’ubwubatsi, isoko ry’igihugu rya EV charger ryitezwe kugera kuri miliyari 2.78 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2025, CAGR igeze kuri 70%, isoko rikomeje gukura cyane, isoko ry’ejo hazaza ni rinini cyane. Isoko rikomeje gukura cyane, kandi isoko ry’ejo hazaza rifite umwanya munini.