Kutonga Kwemagetsi muChina: Kubatanidzwa Kwekugovera, Kushanda Zvakanaka kweR&D, uye Kukanganisa Musika Wepasirose

Chinangwa Chikuru Chemagetsi: Maitiro Ekuti China's Vertical Integrated Supply Chain, Algorithm-D R&D, uye Smart Cockpit Innovations Zviri Kuchinja Mamiriro Enyika Yemagetsi Pakati Pematambudziko Emitero yeEurope uye Kuchinja Kwenzvimbo

1. Kuchinja kweParadigm muUkuru hweMotokari Pasirose

Kwemakore anopfuura zana, huwandu hwemotokari pasi rose hwaitsanangurwa nehunyanzvi hweinjini yekupisa mukati (ICE). Mainjiniya ekuGerman akarurama, kuvimbika kweJapan, uye chiyero cheAmerica ndizvo zvaive zvakakosha muindasitiri. Zvisinei, kutanga kwema2020 kwakaratidza kuputika kukuru muhurongwa uhwu hwakagadzwa. Kuchinja kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi (EVs) hakusi kungochinja kwesimba remagetsi chete; kuchinja kukuru muDNA yetekinoroji yemotokari. Munguva ino itsva, China yakabuda kwete semutori wechikamu chete, asi semugadziri mukuru wehurongwa hutsva hwenyika yemotokari.

Nyaya yekuti "ma EV ekuChina ari kuenderana nezvinodiwa" haichashandi. Chokwadi ndechekuti ma EV ekuChina adarika vavengi vavo vekuEurope neAmerica muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha: kushanda zvakanaka kwemutengo, kukurumidza kwekuvandudza, kubatanidzwa kwesoftware, uye kugona kwekutengesa. Kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uku kwakakonzerwa nehurongwa hwemaindasitiri hwemakumi emakore, kudyara mari yakawanda muR&D, uye tsika yakasiyana yevatengi vedhijitari iyo inobata mota sefoni inotenderera kwete sechishandiso chekutakura zvinhu.

Patinoongorora mamiriro aripo pamusika wepasi rose, tinoona musiyano mukuru. Vagadziri vezvigadzirwa zvepakutanga (Vagadziri vemidziyo yekutanga) vari kuMadokero vari kutambudzika ne "chikwereti chenhaka" - maitiro ekare ekugadzira, network dzakaoma dzevatengesi, uye tsika yevatengesi inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma. Panguva iyi, makambani ekuChina akaita seBYD, NIO, XPeng, naLi Auto, pamwe chete nemakambani makuru etekinoroji ari kupinda munzvimbo iyi seXiaomi neHuawei, vari kushanda panzvimbo inonzi nevanoziva nezveindasitiri "China Speed." Chitsauko chino chinoongorora zvinhu zvekutanga zvekuchinja uku uye chinoisa danho rekupinda zvakadzama muhunyanzvi uye hurongwa hwekutonga kwemagetsi eChinese.

2. Nheyo dzeKutonga: Sisitimu yeLithium Battery yeChina

Pakati pemagetsi ese emagetsi emagetsi (EV) pane bhatiri, rinoita 30% kusvika 40% yemari yese yemotokari. Kuti unzwisise kuti sei mota dzemagetsi dzemuChina dziri nani pamutengo uye mashandiro adzo, unofanira kutarisa bhatiri re lithium-ion. China haingogadziri mabhatiri chete; inodzora zvese zvinoumba bhatiri kubva pakuchenesa zvicherwa kusvika pakuunganidza maseru.

Kuwanikwa kweMineral Monopoly

Kunyange zvazvo lithium, cobalt, uye nickel zvichicherwa pasi rose, nzira yekucheneswa kwayo yakanyanya kuChina. Kupfuura 70% yekuchenesa lithium pasi rose uye inoda kusvika 80% yekuchenesa cobalt kunoitika mukati memiganhu yeChina. Izvi zvinopa vagadziri vemagetsi vekuChina mukana we "kutanga-kutanga" wemutengo uyo makwikwi ekuMadokero asingakwanise kuenzana nawo. Makambani akaita seGanfeng Lithium neTianqi Lithium akawana zvibvumirano zvenguva refu uye migove yemasheya mumigodhi kubva kuAustralia kuenda kuSouth America, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvichifamba zvakanaka pasinei nekuchinja kwemusika.

CATL na BYD: MaTitans eSimba

CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited) ndiyo inotungamira pasi rose mukugadzira mabhatiri. Kugadzira kwavo tekinoroji ye cell-to-pack (CTP) kwakabvumira simba rakawanda pasina kudiwa kwemamodule echinyakare, zvichideredza huremu nemutengo. Uyezve, kusundira kweChina muLithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) chemistry—tekinoroji yakamborambwa nevagadziri vemotokari vekuMadokero seine simba shoma—kwaratidza kuva hunyanzvi. Mabhatiri eLFP akachengeteka, akachipa, uye anogara kwenguva refu kupfuura mamwe maNickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM). Nekuvandudza tekinoroji yeLFP, mhando dzekuChina dzakakwanisa kugadzira maEV anodhura zvishoma achiri kupa mhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi.

"Blade Battery" yaBYD ndeimwe nzira yehunyanzvi. Nekushandisa chinhu chirefu, chakatetepa, Blade Battery inovandudza nzvimbo uye inopasa bvunzo dzakasimba dzekuchengetedza, kusanganisira bvunzo yekupinda kwechipikiri pasina kubatira moto. Kuchengetedzeka uku uye kushanda zvakanaka kwakaita kuti mabhatiri ekuChina ave sarudzo inofarirwa kunyangwe kumakambani ekuMadokero; Tesla neToyota ikozvino vanotsvaga mabhatiri kubva kune vanokwikwidzana navo vekuChina kuti varambe vachikwikwidzana.

3. Kubatanidzwa Kwakatsetseka: BYD Model uye Kufa kweTier-1 Supplier Dependency

Mota dzechinyakare dzaivimba nekambani yakakura yevatengesi veTier-1 neTier-2 (vakaita seBosch, Continental, neDenso). OEM yaizogadzira mota iyi nekubatanidza zvikamu zvinobva kune vatengesi ava. Vatungamiriri vemakambani emagetsi ekuChina, kunyanya BYD, vakarasa modhi iyi vachida kubatanidzwa kwakanyanya.

Nzira Yezvinhu Zvose Zviri Mumba

BYD ikambani yetekinoroji inovaka mota. Vanogadzira mabhatiri avo, mota dzemagetsi, magetsi emagetsi, uye kunyange ma semiconductor (IGBTs uye SiC MOSFETs) anodzora kufamba kwesimba. Munguva yekushaikwa kwe semiconductor pasi rose muna 2021-2022, nepo mafekitori ekuMadokero akamira, mitsetse yekugadzira yeBYD yakaramba ichirira nekuti yaive nesilicon.

Kubatanidzwa uku kwakamira kunopa mabhenefiti maviri makuru:

1. Kudzora Mutengo: Nekubvisa purofiti inowanikwa nevatengesi vakawanda, BYD inogona kugadzira mota yakaita seSeagull kana Dolphin pamutengo unodhura ($10,000 kusvika $15,000) iyo vagadziri vekuMadokero vanoona kuti haigoneke kuita pasina kurasikirwa nemari.
2. Kubatana Kwekugadzira: Kana bhatiri, mota, uye software zvagadzirwa nechikwata chimwe chete cheinjiniya, huwandu hwekubatanidzwa hunowedzera. Izvi zvinotungamira kukutarisira kuri nani kwekupisa, kushanda zvakanaka, uye ruzivo rwakabatana rwemushandisi.

Simba re "All-in-One"

Makambani akaita seHuawei neBYD akatungamira masisitimu emagetsi e8-in-1 kana kunyange 12-in-1. Nekubatanidza injini, gearbox, inverter, DC-DC converter, uye inboard charger muyuniti imwe chete, vanoderedza tsoka yemotokari, vanoderedza huremu, uye vanoita kuti maitiro ekugadzira ave nyore. Iyi inhanho yekubatana iyo mabhurogu mazhinji ekuEurope ari kutanga kuyedza nayo mumapuratifomu avo echizvarwa chinotevera.

4. MaCockpits Akangwara uye Mota Dzakatsanangurwa neSoftware (SDVs): The Digital Edge

Mukuona kwemutengi wemazuva ano wekuChina, mota haitongwi nenguva yayo ye 0-60 mph, asi nekuyerera kwe touchscreen yayo uye njere dzemubatsiri wayo wezwi. Apa ndipo panowanikwa "Smart Cockpit," uko makambani ekuChina akasiya vavengi vavo vari mugirazi rekuona kumashure.

Nzvimbo Inofamba Nemavhiri

Vagadziri vemotokari vekuMadokero vanowanzo tambura nesoftware, zvichikonzera kuti masisitimu ekufambisa mashoko asina kugadzikana uye mashandisirwo evashandisi akapatsanuka. Kusiyana neizvi, maEV ekuChina akavakirwa pamachipisi emotokari anoshanda zvakanyanya seQualcomm Snapdragon 8295. Magadzirirwo esoftware anowanzo torwa kubva kuma frameworks emafoni (seHuawei's HarmonyOS kana NIO's Banyan).

Zvinhu zvikuru zveChinese Smart Cockpit zvinosanganisira:

• Nzvimbo dzeZvirini ZvakawandaMota dzakadai seLi Auto L9 dzine maOLED screens makuru emutyairi, mutakurwi, uye zvigaro zvekumashure, zvese zvichibatanidzwa kuti zvionekwe se "mumafirimu".
• Vabatsiri veInzwi reAI: Aya haasi maitiro ekutanga ekuti "Call Mom" ​​ekare. Vabatsiri veAI muNIO kana XPeng vanogona kuziva kuti ndiani ari kutaura, kudzora mahwindo ese, kugadzirisa sisitimu yekunhuhwirira, uye kutoita hurukuro dzechisikigo, dzinotenderera kakawanda.
• Kutamba Mitambo Mumotokari uye Kubudirira: Nekubatana kwe5G uye maGPU ane simba, maEV ekuChina ari kuva mahofisi ekufambisa uye nzvimbo dzemitambo, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweVR/AR.

Zvitsva Zviri Mumhepo (OTA)

Kunyange zvazvo Tesla yakatanga kugadzira OTA updates, mabrand ekuChina akaigadzirisa. Chinese EV inovandudzika mwedzi wega wega. Ingave iri update ye suspension tuning, UI itsva skin, kana kuvandudzwa kweADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) algorithms, "Software-Defined Vehicle" inoita kuti hardware irambe yakakosha kwenguva refu mushure mekutenga. Iyi frequency yekukurumidza inhanho chikamu chikuru che "China Speed" iyo maOEM echinyakare anoona ichityisidzira.

5. R&D Inotungamirirwa neAlgorithm: Uinjiniya Nekumhanya kweChiedza

Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru asi zvisingaonekwe nemakambani emagetsi ekuChina ndechekushanda kwavo zvakanaka muR&D. Kugadzirwa kwemota itsva muEurope kana kuUS kunotora mwedzi 48 kusvika 60. Makambani ekuChina ari kuzviita mumwedzi 18 kusvika 24.

Mapatya eDigital uye Simulation

Mainjiniya ekuChina vanovimba zvakanyanya ne "Digital Twins" uye masimulation emhando yepamusoro. Panzvimbo pekuvaka akawanda ema prototypes ekuyedza kudonha kwemhepo kana kugadzirisa aerodynamic, vanoshandisa ma computing clusters makuru kuti vashandise mamiriyoni ezviitiko zvepamhepo. Maitiro aya anotungamirirwa nealgorithm anoona zvikanganiso muchikamu chekugadzira, mwedzi yakati wandei simbi isati yadhindwa.

Tsika ye "Sprint"

Marongerwo emakambani akaita seXiaomi kana NIO akafanana nekambani itsva yeSilicon Valley kwete kambani yemotokari yechinyakare. Mapoka einjiniya anoshanda pamwe chete "nema sprints." Kunyange zvazvo rimwe timu richishanda pachassis, rimwe riri kutopedzisa software ye v2.0. Iyi nzira yekushanda, pamwe chete nevashandi vanowanzova vadiki uye vane ruzivo rwetekinoroji, inobvumira mabrandi eChina kuti aite zvinoenderana nemafambiro emusika (sekukurumbira kweLiDAR kana 800V fast-charging) munguva chaiyo.

Kuvandudzwa Kunotungamirirwa neData

Nemazana ezviuru zvemotokari dzakabatana dziri mumigwagwa, makambani ekuChina ane mukana wekuwana ruzivo rwechokwadi. Maitiro ekushandisa mota anoongorora mashandisiro anoita vatyairi mota dzavo, uko mabhatiri anokurumidza kuora, uye kuti masisitimu ekutyaira ega anobata sei nharaunda dzakaoma dzemaguta. Iyi nzira yekupa mhinduro inobvumira kugadziriswa kunogara kuripo kunotungamirirwa nedata chete, pane kuvimba nemanzwiro emudumbu einjiniya mukuru.

6. Chimurenga Chekuburitsa Mabhizinesi: Kuchinja kubva pa "Bhajeti" kuenda pa "Ultra-Premium"

Kwemakumi emakore, "Made in China" mumotokari yaifananidzirwa nemakambani emhando dzakasiyana-siyana asingadhuri uye nhoroondo dzisina kuchengetedzeka. Nguva iyoyo yapera. Nhasi, mabrandi ekuChina ari kutengesa zvinhu zvinodhura uye ari kuhwina mibairo yekugadzira.

Kukwira kweChikamu cheUmbozha Zvakanyanya

Rudzi rweBYDYangwangmuenzaniso wakanaka. Yangwang U8, mota yemhando yepamusoro inotengeswa kunze kwemugwagwa inodarika $150,000, ine mota ina dzakazvimiririra dzinobvumira mota kuti "itenderere mutangi" uye kutoyangarara mumvura panguva yenjodzi. Iyi haisi mota "yakachipa"; imota yehunyanzvi inokwikwidzana neMercedes-Benz G-Class.

NIOyakatarisana ne "mararamiro" ekugadzira mhando yepamusoro. Ne "NIO Houses" dzavo—dzimba dzemakirabhu evaridzi—uye network yavo inotungamira pasi rose yekuchinjana mabhatiri, vakavaka kuvimbika kwemhando inokwikwidzana neApple. Varidzi havangotengi mota chete; vanobatana nenharaunda yakasarudzika.

Kugona Kugadzira

Makambani ekuChina atora tarenda repamusoro-soro kubva kuEurope. Vaimbove vatungamiriri vekugadzira kubva kuAudi, BMW, neBentley ikozvino vava vagadziri vakuru veBYD, Zeekr, neHongqi. Mugumisiro wacho imhando itsva yerunako—inowanzonzi “New Chinese Luxury”—inosanganisa tekinoroji yeminimalist nehunyanzvi hwechinyakare. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekuchinja kukuru mu“Brand Premium.” MuChina, nyanzvi yechidiki ikozvino inogona kuonekwa muZeekr 001 kana Xiaomi SU7 pane BMW 3-Series.

7. Kuwedzera kweEurope: Maitiro Ekupinda Mumusika uye Kukura Kwenzvimbo

Sezvo musika wemuno weChina uchikwira zvakanyanya, kukura kwepasi rose ndiyo danho rinotevera rine musoro. Europe, ine zvinangwa zvayo zvekusapindira mune zvemagetsi uye simba rayo rekutenga rakawanda, ndiyo inonyanya kutarisirwa.

Muenzaniso weKubva Kunanga Kumutengi

Tichitora peji kubva mubhuku raTesla, mabhurocha mazhinji ekuChina ari kupfuura zvitoro zvechinyakare. NIO neXPeng vari kuvhura zvitoro zvikuru mumaguta makuru akadai seOslo, Berlin, neParis. Izvi zvinovabvumira kudzora ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa uye kuchengetedza mari yakawanda.

Kugadziriswa Kwechigadzirwa Chemunzvimbo

Mamota emagetsi ekuChina anopinda muEurope haasi makopi emhando dzawo dzemuno chete. Ari kugadziriswazve kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zveEuro NCAP uye zvinodiwa pakutyaira muEurope. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirisa tambo dzakasimba dzekutyaira mumugwagwa mukuru uye software yemuno inobatanidzwa neEuropean charging networks uye streaming services.

Kudyidzana Kwakarongeka

Kambani yeMG (yeSAIC) ndiyo kambani yeChinese yakabudirira zvikuru muEurope kusvika pari zvino, zvikuru nekuti yakashandisa zita rekare rekuBritain kuti iwane chivimbo. Mamwe makambani ari kuteverawo, vachishanda pamwe chete nevanogovera vemunharaunda kana makambani emagetsi kuti vavake zvivakwa zvinodiwa.

8. Mitero neHondo dzekutengeserana: Kufamba muEU neUS Protective Virals

Kukwira nekukurumidza kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzekuChina kwakonzera kudzivirirwa kubva kuhurumende dzekuMadokero. United States yaisa mutero we100% pamotokari dzemagetsi dzekuChina, zvichiita kuti dzisapinde mumusika. European Union yakatevera neongororo dzakawanda dzinopesana nerubatsiro uye mutero wepanguva pfupi unotangira pa17% kusvika pa38%.

Gakava reRubatsiro

EU inoti maEV ekuChina anobatsirwa nemari yerubatsiro rwehurumende isina kururama, kubva kumari yevhu yakachipa uye zvikwereti zvine mubereko wakaderera kusvika kumari yeR&D. Kunyange zvazvo paine chokwadi chekuti kune rutsigiro rwehurumende, vakuru vakuru vekuChina vanoti mukana wavo wemitengo unobva mukubudirira kwehurongwa hwezvinhu, kwete kungopihwa mari nehurumende chete. Vanotaura kuti hurumende dzekuMadokero dziri kudirawo mabhiriyoni mu "Green Deals" ne "Inflation Reduction Acts" dzavo.

Mhedzisiro yeMitero

Mitero inogona kunonotsa kukura kweChina, asi hazvingamboiti kuti zviimise. Motokari yemagetsi yekuChina inodhura $20,000 kuvaka inogona kuramba ichibatsira muEurope kunyangwe paine mutero we30%, kunyanya kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa muEurope zvichitengeswa pamadhora zviuru makumi mana nemashanu. Zvisinei, mutero unomanikidza makambani ekuChina kuti achinje maitiro avo kubva pa "Exporting" kuenda ku "Localizing."

9. Njodzi dzezvematongerwo enyika uye Kugadziriswazve kweUnyanzvi Hwepasi Rose

Mukupindura zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana, indasitiri yemagetsi yekuChina iri kuchinja zvikuru kugadzirwa kwayo pasi rose. Tiri kuona shanduko kubva pa "Yakagadzirwa muChina" kuenda pa "Yakagadzirwa neChina, yeNyika."

Nzvimbo Itsva Dzekugadzira

• Hangari: BYD yazivisa fekitori yayo yekutanga yemotokari dzinotakura vanhu muEurope muHungary, nyika yakaramba ichitsigira mari yekudyara yeChina. Fekitori iyi ichabvumira BYD kugadzira mota mukati meEU, ichipfuura mitengo uye ichideredza huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa.
• Thailand neASEAN: Thailand iri kuva nzvimbo huru mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi ekuChina munharaunda. Great Wall Motor neBYD vakagadzira mafekitori makuru ikoko kuti vashandire misika yeSoutheast Asia neAustralia.
• Mexico neBrazilNyika idzi dzinoshanda senzira dzekuenda kuAmerica. Nekugadzira zvinhu muMexico, zvigadzirwa zvekuChina zvinogona kupinda mumusika weUS kuburikidza nechibvumirano chekutengeserana cheUSMCA, kunyange hazvo ichi chiri nyaya ine chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika.
• Middle East neNorth Africa (MENA): Nekudyara mari muMorocco neUAE, makambani ekuChina ari kuzvigadzirira kuti akwanise kushandira kudiwa kuri kukura muGlobal South.

Nzira ye "Dual Supply Chain"

Kuti vaderedze njodzi dzezvematongerwo enyika, makambani ekuChina ari kugadzira "Dual Supply Chains." Imwe chain iri munzvimbo yeChina yemusika wemuno, nepo imwe iri kuvakwa pasi rose - ichishandisa zvinhu zvemuno nevashandi - kugutsa zvinodiwa nemutemo nezvematongerwo enyika zvemisika yekunze. Iyi nzira yekuti "Mumusika, Yemusika" ndiyo chete nzira yekurarama munguva yekudzikira kwehupfumi hwenyika.

10. Maonero Eramangwana: Kumadokero Kunogona Kusvika Papi?

Mubvunzo unodhura bhiriyoni remadhora kuindasitiri yepasi rose yemotokari ndewekuti: Ko hofori dzekare dzeEurope neAmerica dzinogona kukwira nemotokari dzemagetsi dzeChinese here?

Zvipingamupinyi zveKusangana Nevamwe

1. Talent yeSoftware: Makambani ekugadzira mapurogiramu emagetsi ekare imakambani einjiniya yemakanika ari kuedza kuva makambani esoftware. Kuchinja uku kwetsika kwakaoma zvikuru. Kuwana nekuchengetedza tarenda resoftware repamusoro-soro idambudziko kana uchikwikwidzana neGoogle, Apple, kana Xiaomi.
2. Maumbirwo eMari: Marongerwo emari yekare, kusanganisira mari yepamusoro yevashandi uye mitoro yepenjeni, zvinoita kuti zviome kukwikwidzana pamutengo.
3. Kukurumidza Kwekuita Sarudzo: Makamuri ebhodhi emakambani echinyakare eOEM anowanzo dzivirira njodzi uye anononoka. Munyika yemagetsi, kunonoka kwemwedzi mitatu musarudzo kunogona kureva kushaya chizvarwa chose chetekinoroji.

Nzira Yekuenda Kumberi Kumadokero

Makambani ekuMadokero achiri nerubatsiro munhoroondo yekambani, network dzemasevhisi epasi rose, uye mafambiro ekutyaira anomhanya zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, "Autobahn" pedigree). Kuti vararame, vanofanira:

• Batira pamwe chete: Tiri kuona kudyidzana kusati kwamboitika, kwakadai sekudyara mari muXPeng uye Stellantis vachibatana neLeapmotor. Kana usingakwanise kuvakunda, batana navo.
• Tarisa paHigh-End: Kukwikwidzana neChina muchikamu chemadhora zviuru makumi maviri ($20,000) kungangove kwakarasika. Makambani ekuMadokero anofanira kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwavo hwepamusoro, hunhu hwavo, uye hukama hwavo hwepamoyo.
• Nyoresa: Kuoma kwemhando dzemotokari dzekuMadokero idambudziko guru. Vanofanira kushandisa nzira ye "Tesla/China" yekuisa mapuratifomu mashoma uye michina yakajairika.

11. Mhedziso: Kurongeka Kwenyika Itsva Kwemagetsi

Indasitiri yemotokari parizvino iri kuona shanduko yayo huru kubva pakagadzirwa mutsetse wekugadzira mota. Ma EV ekuChina haana kungosvika chete; akaisa chiyero chitsva chekuti mota yemazuva ano inofanira kunge yakaita sei. Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemutemo weindasitiri une chinangwa, kubatanidzwa kwakanyanya, uye kutarisa kusingaperi pane ruzivo rwevashandisi vedhijitari, China yakunda masimba ekare enyika yemotokari.

Kunyange hazvo mitengo yemotokari nekusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika zvichikonzera kusawirirana, simba re tekinoroji riri kudivi reChina. "Kuchinja kwemagetsi" hakusisiri fungidziro yeramangwana; ichokwadi chazvino. Kune mutengi, izvi zvinoreva remangwana rekufambisa zvinhu zvakangwara, zvakachengeteka, uye zvisingadhuri. Kune indasitiri yemotokari yepasi rose, ipfungwa yekuti mitemo yekare haichashandi. Nzira yekuenda kumberi kwekufamba iri kuramba ichigadzirwa nevagadziri vezvinhu zvitsva muShenzhen, Shanghai, neHefei. Dambudziko renyika yose harisi rekuvaka mota dzemagetsi chete, asi kuti rienderane nekumhanya, chiyero, uye hungwaru hwevatungamiriri vatsva.