Te Mana o Haina ki te EV: Te Whakaurunga o te Mekameka Tuku, te Whai Hua o te R&D, me te Pānga ki te Mākete o te Ao

Te Huringa Hiko Nui: Me pēhea te hanga hou a te mekameka tuku poutū whakauru o Haina, te rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga e ārahihia ana e te pūnaha, me ngā auahatanga atamai i roto i te kokopiti, i te whenua hiko o te ao i waenganui i ngā wero utu o Ūropi me ngā panonitanga ā-ao

1. Te Huringa Tauira i roto i te Mana Whakahaere Waka o te Ao

Neke atu i te rau tau, ko te hiranga o te ao motuka i tautuhia e te kaha o te miihini tahunga ā-roto (ICE). Ko te miihini tika o Tiamana, te pono o Hapanihi, me te tauine o Amerika ngā pou o te umanga. Heoi, ko te tīmatanga o te tekau tau 2020 kua tohu i te pakaru nui o tēnei raupapa kua whakatūria. Ko te whakawhiti ki ngā waka hiko (EV) ehara i te mea he huringa noa iho i te pūnaha mana; he nekehanga matua i roto i te DNA hangarau o te motuka. I tēnei wā hou, kua puta ake a Haina ehara i te mea he kaiuru noa iho, engari ko te kaihoahoa matua o te raupapa ao motuka hou.

Kua tawhito te kōrero "kei te hopukina e ngā EV Hainamana". Ko te mea pono kua hipa ake ngā EV Hainamana i ō rātou hoa whakataetae i Ūropi me Amerika i roto i ētahi āhuatanga nui: te whai hua o te utu, te tere o te auahatanga, te whakaurunga pūmanawa, me te manawanui o te mekameka tuku. Ko tēnei pekepeke hangarau he hua o tētahi kaupapa here ahumahi rautaki tekau tau te roa, te haumi nui ki te R&D, me tētahi ahurea kaihoko mamati-tuatahi ahurei e whakaaro ana ki te motuka hei waea atamai hurihuri kaua hei taputapu kawe miihini.

I a tātou e tātari ana i te āhua o te mākete o te ao i nāianei, ka kite tātou i tētahi rerekētanga nui. Kei te raru ngā OEM tawhito (Ngā Kaihanga Taputapu Taketake) i te Hauāuru ki te "nama tawhito" - ngā tukanga hanga tawhito, ngā whatunga kaihokohoko uaua, me te ahurea kaiwhakarato puhoi haere. I taua wā, ko ngā kamupene Hainamana pēnei i a BYD, NIO, XPeng, me Li Auto, me ngā kamupene hangarau nunui e uru mai ana ki te ao pēnei i a Xiaomi me Huawei, kei te mahi i te mea e kiia nei e ngā tāngata o roto i te umanga ko "China Speed." Ka tūhuratia e tēnei upoko ngā kaupapa matua o tēnei nekehanga, ā, ka whakatakoto i te atamira mō te ruku hohonu ki ngā pou hangarau me ngā pou rautaki o te mana whakahaere o Haina ki ngā EV.

2. Ngā Pūtake o te Mana: Te Pūnaha Pūhiko Ritiumu o Haina

Kei te ngako o ia EV ko te pākahiko, e 30% ki te 40% o te utu katoa o ngā waka. Hei mārama he aha i pai ake ai te utu me te mahi o ngā EV Hainamana, me titiro ki te mekameka tuku pākahiko lithium-ion. Ehara i te mea ko ngā pākahiko anake te mea e hangaia ana e Haina; engari ko ia te kaiwhakahaere o te mekameka uara katoa mai i te whakamahine i ngā kohuke ki te huihuinga pūtau.

Te Monopoli Kohuke

Ahakoa e keria ana te lithium, te cobalt, me te nickel puta noa i te ao, ko te nuinga o te tukanga whakamahine kei Haina. Neke atu i te 70% o te whakamahine lithium o te ao, me te tata ki te 80% o te whakamahine cobalt kei roto i ngā rohe o Haina. Mā tēnei ka whakawhiwhia ngā kaihanga EV Hainamana ki tētahi painga utu "tuatahi" e kore e taea te whakataurite ki ngā hoa whakataetae o te Hauāuru. Kua whiwhi ngā kamupene pēnei i a Ganfeng Lithium me Tianqi Lithium i ngā kirimana roa me ngā hea i roto i ngā maina mai i Ahitereiria ki Amerika ki te Tonga, kia mau tonu ai te rere o ngā rauemi mata ahakoa ngā piki me ngā heke o te mākete.

CATL me BYD: Ngā Titans o te Pūngao

Ko CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited) te kaiārahi o te ao mō te hanga pākahiko. Nā tā rātou auahatanga i roto i te hangarau pūtau-ki-te-pūkete (CTP) i taea ai te whakanui ake i te kiato pūngao me te kore e hiahiatia he waeine tuku iho, ka whakaiti i te taumaha me te utu. Hei tāpiri, ko te pana a Haina ki te matū Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)—he hangarau i whakahēngia e ngā kaihanga motuka o te Hauāuru he iti te pūngao—kua kitea he tino pūkenga. He haumaru ake, he iti ake te utu, he roa ake hoki ngā pākahiko LFP i ō rātou hoa Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM). Mā te whakapai ake i te hangarau LFP, kua taea e ngā waitohu Haina te whakaputa i ngā EV utu iti e tuku tonu ana i te whānuitanga whakataetae.

Ko te "Blade Battery" a BYD tētahi atu tohu hangarau. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi āhua roa, angiangi, ka arotau te Blade Battery i te wāhi me te puta i ngā whakamātautau haumaru tino pakari, tae atu ki te whakamātautau werohanga whao me te kore e mura. Nā tēnei taumata haumaru me te whai huatanga o te rōrahi kua waiho ngā pākahiko Hainamana hei whiringa pai mō ngā kamupene o te Hauāuru; kei te tiki pākahiko a Tesla me Toyota i ō rātou hoa whakataetae Hainamana kia mau tonu ai te whakataetae.

3. Whakaurunga Poutū: Te Tauira BYD me te Matenga o te Whakawhirinakitanga ki ngā Kaiwhakarato Taumata-1

I whakawhirinaki te tauira motuka tuku iho ki tētahi whatunga whānui o ngā kaiwhakarato Tier-1 me Tier-2 (pēnei i a Bosch, Continental, me Denso). Mā te OEM te motuka e hoahoa, e huihui hoki ngā wāhanga i ahu mai i ēnei kaiwhakarato. Kua whakarērea e ngā kaiārahi EV Hainamana, ko te BYD te mea nui, tēnei tauira, ā, kua pai ake te whakaurunga poutū rawa atu.

Te Rautaki Katoa-i-roto-i-te-Whare

Ko BYD he kamupene hangarau e hanga waka ana. E hanga ana rātou i ā rātou ake pākahiko, motuka hiko, hikohiko mana, tae atu ki ngā semiconductors (IGBT me SiC MOSFET) e whakahaere ana i te rere o te pūngao. I te wā o te korenga o ngā semiconductors o te ao i waenganui i te tau 2021 ki te 2022, i te wā e tū ana ngā wheketere o te Hauāuru, ka haere tonu ngā raina whakaputa a BYD nā te mea nō rātou te silicon.

E rua ngā painga nui o tēnei whakaurunga poutū:

1. Whakahaere UtuMā te whakakore i ngā hua o ngā kaiwhakarato maha, ka taea e BYD te hanga waka pērā i te Seagull, i te Dolphin rānei i tētahi utu ($10,000 ki te $15,000) e kitea ana e ngā kaihanga o te Hauāuru he mea uaua ki te whakatutuki me te kore e ngaro te moni.
2. Hoahoa HarmoniIna hangaia te pākahiko, te mōta, me te pūmanawa e te tīma hangarau kotahi, ka pai ake te taumata whakaurunga. Ka hua ake tēnei i te whakahaere wera pai ake, te whai huatanga teitei ake, me te wheako kaiwhakamahi piripono ake.

Te Pūnaha Whakahaere "Katoa-i-te-Kotahi"

Ko ngā kamupene pēnei i a Huawei me BYD kua tīmata i te whakatinana i ngā pūnaha taraiwa hiko 8-i roto-i te-1, tae atu ki te 12-i roto-i te-1. Mā te whakauru i te mōtini, te pouaka miihini, te inverter, te kaitahuri DC-DC, me te rihi kei roto i te waka ki roto i te waeine kotahi kiato, ka whakaitihia te tapuwae o te waka, ka whakaitihia te taumaha, ka whakangawarihia hoki te tukanga hanga. He taumata whakauru tēnei e tīmata ana te nuinga o ngā waitohu Pākehā ki te whakamātautau i roto i ā rātou tūāpapa o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei.

4. Ngā Whare Waka Atamai me ngā Waka Tautuhi-Pūmanawa (SDV): Te Pito Mamati

Ki ngā kanohi o te kaihoko Hainamana o ēnei rā, kāore te motuka e aromatawaitia mā te tere o te 0-60 maero ia hāora, engari mā te rere o te mata pa me te atamai o te kaiawhina reo. Koinei te ao o te "Smart Cockpit," te wāhi kua waiho e ngā waitohu Hainamana ō rātou hoa whakataetae ki te whakaata tirohanga whakamuri.

Te Pūnaha Pūkoro i runga i ngā Wira

He maha ngā wā ka raru ngā kaihanga waka tawhito o te Hauāuru ki ngā pūmanawa, ā, ka hua ake he puhoi ngā pūnaha whakangahau me ngā atanga kaiwhakamahi pakaru. He rerekē, ko ngā waka hiko Hainamana he mea hanga ki ngā maramara motuka mahi-teitei pērā i te Qualcomm Snapdragon 8295. He maha ngā wā ka ahu mai ngā hoahoa pūmanawa i ngā anga pūnaha whakahaere waea atamai (pērā i a HarmonyOS a Huawei, i a Banyan rānei a NIO).

Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te Chinese Smart Cockpit ko:

• Ngā Taiao Mata-mahaKo ngā motuka pēnei i te Li Auto L9 he mata OLED nunui mō te taraiwa, te pāhihi, me ngā nohoanga o muri, e tukutahitia ana mō tētahi wheako "kiriata".
• Ngā Kaiawhina Reo AIEhara ēnei i te pūnaha "Call Mom" ​​taketake o mua. Ka taea e ngā kaiawhina AI i roto i te NIO, i te XPeng rānei te mōhio ko wai te pāhihi e kōrero ana, te whakahaere i ia matapihi, te whakarerekē i te pūnaha kakara, tae atu ki te whai wāhi ki ngā kōrerorero maori, maha-huringa.
• Te Tākaro me te Whakaputa Hua i roto i te WakaNā te hononga 5G me ngā GPU kaha, kei te huri ngā EV Hainamana hei tari pūkoro me ngā wāhi petipeti, me te whakauru VR/AR.

Ngā Whakahōutanga Ā-Iwi (OTA)

Ahakoa ko Tesla te tuatahi o ngā whakahōutanga OTA, kua whakatikatikahia e ngā waitohu Hainamana. Ka whakapai ake te EV Hainamana i ia marama. Ahakoa he whakahōutanga ki te whakatikatika whakatārewatanga, he kiri UI hou, he whakapainga rānei ki ngā rauropi ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems), mā te "Software-Defined Vehicle" ka noho tonu te taputapu i muri i te hoko. Ko tēnei huringa tere o te whakahoutanga he wāhanga matua o te "China Speed" e kitea ana e ngā OEM tuku iho he tino mōrearea.

5. Te R&D e Aromatawai ana i te Pūmanawa: Te Hangarau i te Tere o te Mārama

Ko tētahi o ngā painga nui engari kāore e kitea nuitia ana o ngā kamupene EV Hainamana ko tā rātou whai huatanga ki te R&D. Ko te huringa whanaketanga tuku iho mō tētahi tauira motuka hou i Ūropi, i te US rānei, e 48 ki te 60 marama te roa. Kei te mahi ngā kamupene Haina i tēnei i roto i te 18 ki te 24 marama.

Ngā Māhanga Mamati me te Whakatauira

He nui te whakawhirinaki o ngā miihini Hainamana ki ngā "Mahanga Mamati" me ngā whakatauira pono-teitei. Engari i te hanga i ngā tauira tinana maha mō ngā whakamātautau tukinga, te whakatikatika aerodynamic rānei, ka whakamahia e rātou ngā tautau rorohiko nui hei whakahaere i ngā miriona o ngā horopaki mariko. Ka tautuhia e tēnei huarahi e whakahaerehia ana e te rauropi ngā hapa i roto i te wāhanga hoahoa, i mua i te tānga o tētahi wahi whakarewa kotahi.

Te Ahurea "Sprint"

He rite te hanganga whakahaere o ngā kamupene pēnei i a Xiaomi, i a NIO rānei ki tētahi kamupene hou i Silicon Valley, kaua ki tētahi kamupene motuka tuku iho. Ka mahi tahi ngā tīma hangarau i roto i ngā "whakatere tere" whakarara. Ahakoa kei te mahi tētahi tīma i runga i te anga, kei te whakaoti kē tētahi atu i te pūmanawa v2.0. Mā tēnei tikanga tere, me te hunga mahi he rangatahi ake, he mātau ake hoki ki te hangarau, ka taea e ngā waitohu Haina te urupare ki ngā au o te mākete (pēnei i te rongonui ohorere o LiDAR, te utu tere rānei 800V) tata tonu.

Whakapai ake i runga i te raraunga

Me ngā rau mano o ngā waka hono kei runga i te rori, ka taea e ngā kamupene Haina te uru atu ki te pupū o ngā raraunga o te ao tūturu. Ka tātarihia e ngā rauropi te whakamahinga a ngā taraiwa i ā rātou waka, ngā wāhi e tere ai te pakaru o ngā pākahiko, me te whakahaere a ngā pūnaha taraiwa motuhake i ngā taiao tāone uaua. Mā tēnei porowhita urupare ka taea te arotau tonu e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga anake, kaua e whakawhirinaki ki ngā kare ā-roto o te miihini matua.

6. Te Huringa Waitohu: Te Neke atu i te "Tauhokohoko" ki te "Ultra-Premium"

Mō ngā tekau tau, ko te kupu "Hangaia ki Haina" i roto i te horopaki motuka he rite tonu ki ngā tauira iti te utu me ngā rekoata haumaru ngoikore. Kua mutu taua wā. I ēnei rā, kei te whiwhi ngā waitohu Haina i ngā utu nui me te toa i ngā tohu hoahoa.

Te Putanga Ake o te Wāhanga Tino-Ataahua

Te waitohu iti a BYDYangwangKoinei te tauira tino pai. Ko te Yangwang U8, he waka papai mō ngā waka o waho o te huarahi, he utu neke atu i te $150,000, e whā ngā motuka motuhake e āhei ai te motuka ki te "huri i te tāke" me te mānu i roto i te wai i ngā wā ohorere. Ehara tēnei i te motuka "utu iti"; he whakaaturanga hangarau e whakataetae ana ki te Mercedes-Benz G-Class.

NIOkua arotahi ki te taha "āhua noho" o te waitohu kounga teitei. Mā ā rātou "Whare NIO"—he whare karapu papai mō ngā rangatira—me tā rātou whatunga whakawhiti pākahiko matua o te ao, kua hangaia e rātou he pono ki te waitohu e whakataetae ana ki a Apple. Kāore ngā rangatira e hoko noa i tētahi motuka; ka uru atu rātou ki tētahi hapori motuhake.

Te Hiranga o te Hoahoa

Kua kaha te kimi a ngā waitohu Hainamana i ngā pūkenga hoahoa rangatira mai i Ūropi. Ko ngā upoko hoahoa o mua mai i Audi, BMW, me Bentley inaianei ko rātou ngā kaihoahoa matua mō BYD, Zeekr, me Hongqi. Ko te hua he āhua hou—e kiia ana ko te "New Chinese Luxury"—e whakakotahi ana i te hangarau iti me te mahi toi tuku iho. Nā tēnei i arahi ki tētahi panoni nui ki te "Brand Premium." I Haina, he nui ake te kitea o tētahi tohunga taitamariki i roto i tētahi Zeekr 001, i tētahi Xiaomi SU7 rānei i tētahi BMW 3-Series.

7. Te Whanuitanga o Ūropi: Ngā Rautaki mō te Whakaurunga ki te Mākete me te Tipu ā-Rohe

I te mea ka tino whakataetae te mākete ā-rohe o Haina, ko te whānui o te ao te taahiraa whai muri. Ko Ūropi, me āna whāinga kaha ki te kore e whakamahi i te waro me te kaha hoko nui, koia te whāinga matua.

Te Tauira Tika-ki-te-Kaihoko

Mai i te pukapuka rautaki a Tesla, he maha ngā waitohu Haina e karo ana i ngā kaihokohoko tuku iho. Kei te whakatuwhera a NIO me XPeng i ngā toa matua i ngā tāone nui pēnei i a Oslo, Berlin, me Parī. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i te wheako waitohu me te pupuri i ngā hua nui ake.

Te Whakarerekētanga Hua ā-Rohe

Ehara i te mea he tārua noa iho ngā EV Hainamana e tomo mai ana ki Ūropi i ō rātou putanga ā-rohe. Kei te hangaia anō kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa haumaru a te Euro NCAP me ngā manakohanga taraiwa a Ūropi. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakatikatika i te whakatārewatanga pakari mō te taraiwa i te huarahi tere me te pūmanawa ā-rohe e hono ana ki ngā whatunga utu me ngā ratonga rerema a Ūropi.

Ngā Hononga Rautaki

Ko MG (nā SAIC) te waitohu Hainamana tino angitu i Ūropi tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, nā te mea i whakamahia e ia tētahi waitohu rongonui o Peretānia hei whiwhi whakawhirinakitanga. Kei te whai mai ētahi atu waitohu i te tauira, e mahi tahi ana me ngā kaituku ā-rohe, ngā kamupene pūngao rānei, hei hanga i ngā hanganga e tika ana.

8. Ngā Taripa me ngā Pakanga Tauhokohoko: Te Whakatere i ngā Arai Tiaki o te EU me te US

Nā te tere o te pikinga ake o ngā waka hiko Hainamana kua puta he tauhohenga ārai mai i ngā kāwanatanga o te Hauāuru. Kua whakatinanahia e te Hononga o Amerika he utu tāke 100% mō ngā waka hiko Hainamana, ā, kua kati katoa i a rātou i te mākete. I whai mai te Kotahitanga o Ūropi me te raupapa o ngā rangahau ārai-tāpui me ngā utu tāke wā poto mai i te 17% ki te 38%.

Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero mō te Tautoko

E kī ana te EU kei te whai hua ngā waka hiko Hainamana i ngā tautoko kore tika a te kāwanatanga, mai i te whenua iti me ngā nama iti-huamoni ki ngā putea rangahau me te whanaketanga tika. Ahakoa he pono te noho o te tautoko a te kāwanatanga, e kī ana ngā kaiwhakahaere Hainamana ko tō rātou painga utu i ahu mai i te tauine me te whai huatanga o te mekameka tuku, ehara i te mea ko ngā takoha a te kāwanatanga anake. E tohu ana rātou kei te ringihia hoki e ngā kāwanatanga o te Hauāuru ngā piriona ki roto i ā rātou ake "Kawenata Kakariki" me ngā "Ture Whakaiti Pikinga."

Te Pānga o ngā Taripa

Ahakoa te utu tāke, ka whakaroa pea te horapa o Haina i ngā utu tāke, engari kāore pea e aukati. Ahakoa te utu tāke 30% mō te hanga waka hiko Hainamana, ka whai hua tonu pea i Ūropi, ina koa ko te utu mō ngā waka rite i hangaia i Ūropi he $45,000. Heoi anō, ka akiakihia ngā kamupene Haina e ngā utu tāke ki te whakarerekē i tā rātou rautaki mai i te "Kaweake" ki te "Whakahaere ā-Rohe".

9. Ngā Mōrearea Ā-Ao me te Whakahoutanga o te Pūmanawa o te Ao

Hei whakautu i ngā arai hokohoko, kei te hurihia te tapuwae whakaputa o te ao e te umanga waka hiko Hainamana. Kei te kite tātou i te nekehanga mai i te "Hangaia ki Haina" ki te "Hangaia e Haina, mā te Ao."

Ngā Pokapū Hanga Hou

• HanekariKua panuitia e BYD tana wheketere waka pāhihi tuatahi i Ūropi i Hungary, he whenua e noho hoa ana ki te haumitanga Hainamana. Mā tēnei wheketere ka taea e BYD te hanga waka i roto i te EU, me te karo i ngā taripa me te whakapoto i te mekameka tuku.
• Tairānia me te ASEANKei te huri a Thailand hei pokapū ā-rohe mō te hanga waka hiko Hainamana. Kua whakatūria e Great Wall Motor me BYD ētahi tipu nunui ki reira hei mahi mā ngā mākete o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti me Ahitereiria.
• Mehiko me ParahiKo ēnei whenua hei huarahi ki ngā whenua o Amerika. Mā te hanga i Mexico, ka taea e ngā waitohu Hainamana te uru atu ki te mākete o Amerika mā te whakaaetanga hokohoko a te USMCA, ahakoa he take tairongo tonu tēnei e pā ana ki te ao tōrangapū.
• Te Rawhiti o Waenganui me Āwherika ki te Raki (MENA)Nā te haumitanga ki Moroko me te UAE, kei te whakarite ngā kamupene Haina i a rātou anō ki te whakatutuki i te hiahia e tipu haere ana i te Tonga o te Ao.

Te Rautaki "Mekameka Tuku Takirua"

Hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea ā-ao, kei te whakawhanakehia e ngā kamupene Haina ngā "Mekameka Tuku Takirua." Kotahi te mekameka e tū ana i roto i Haina mō te mākete o roto, ko tētahi atu e hangaia ana i te ao whānui—mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi me ngā kaimahi o te rohe—hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture me ngā whakaritenga tōrangapū o ngā mākete o tāwāhi. Ko tēnei huarahi "I roto i te Mākete, Mō te Mākete" te huarahi anake hei ora i tēnei wā o te hekenga o te ao.

10. Te Tirohanga ki te Ao Āmua: Ka Taea e te Hauāuru te Whakatutuki?

Ko te pātai piriona tāra mō te umanga motuka o te ao ko: Ka taea e ngā kamupene nunui o Ūropi me Amerika te eke ki te taumata teitei o te kamupene hiko Hainamana?

Ngā Ārai ki te Hopu

1. Pūmanawa PūmanawaKo ngā OEM tawhito he kamupene miihini miihini e ngana ana ki te noho hei kamupene pūmanawa. He tino uaua tēnei panoni ahurea. He wero te kimi me te pupuri i ngā pūkenga pūmanawa taumata teitei ina whakataetae ana ki a Google, Apple, Xiaomi rānei.
2. Hanganga UtuNā ngā hanganga utu tawhito, tae atu ki ngā utu mahi nui me ngā herenga penihana, ka uaua te whakataetae utu.
3. Tere o te WhakataungaHe maha ngā wā ka ātete ngā rūma poari o ngā OEM tuku iho ki te mōrearea, ā, ka puhoi hoki. I roto i te ao EV, ko te whakaroa i tētahi whakataunga mō te toru marama ka tohu i te ngaronga o tētahi whakatipuranga hangarau katoa.

Te Ara Whakamua mō te Hauāuru

Kei ngā waitohu o te Hauāuru tonu ngā painga o te taonga tuku iho o te waitohu, ngā whatunga ratonga ā-ao, me ngā āhuatanga taraiwa tere (hei tauira, te whakapapa o "Autobahn"). Kia ora ai rātou, me:

• Mahi tahiKei te kite tātou i ngā hononga mahi tahi kāore i kitea i mua, pērā i te haumi a VW ki XPeng me te mahi tahi a Stellantis me Leapmotor. Ki te kore e taea e koe te hinga i a rātou, uru atu ki tā rātou pūnaha.
• Arotahi ki te Mea Tino PaiHe koretake pea te whakataetae ki a Haina i te wāhanga $20,000. Me whakanui rua e ngā waitohu o te Hauāuru te whakapaipai, te whakawhaiaro, me te hononga kare ā-roto.
• WhakangāwaritiaHe arai te uaua o ngā momo waka o te Hauāuru. Me whakamahi rātou i te huarahi "Tesla/Haina" o te whakaiti i ngā papaaho me ngā taputapu paerewa ake.

11. Whakamutunga: Te Ao Hou o te Nekenekehanga Hiko

Kei te kite te umanga motuka i tana panonitanga nui rawa atu mai i te hanganga o te raina huihuinga. Kāore i "tae noa mai" ngā EV Hainamana; kua whakatakotohia e rātou te paearu hou mō te āhua o tētahi waka hou. Mā te whakakotahitanga o te kaupapa here ahumahi matakite, te whakaurunga poutū tino nui, me te arotahi tonu ki te wheako kaiwhakamahi mamati, kua peke atu a Haina i ngā mana tuku iho o te ao motuka.

Ahakoa ka puta he pakanga i waenga i ngā tari me ngā taupatupatu ā-ao, kei te taha tonu o Haina te nekehanga hangarau. Ehara te "Hiko Hiko" i te matapae ā-muri; he mea tūturu o nāianei. Mō te kaihoko, ko te tikanga tēnei he heke mai mō te kawe waka atamai ake, haumaru ake, me te utu iti ake. Mō te umanga motuka o te ao, he whakaohooho tēnei kāore e whai mana ngā ture tawhito. Kei te piki haere te hanga o te huarahi ki te heke mai o te nekenekehanga e ngā kaihanga auaha i Shenzhen, Shanghai, me Hefei. Ko te wero mō te toenga o te ao ehara i te mea ko te hanga waka hiko anake, engari ko te whakataurite i te tere, te tauine, me te mohio o ngā kaiārahi hou.