Ubwiganze bw'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa: Guhuza Uruganda rw'Ibicuruzwa, Ingufu mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, n'Ingaruka ku Isoko ry'Isi

Igitekerezo Gikomeye cy'Amashanyarazi: Uburyo Uruhererekane rw'Ibintu Bihujwe mu Bushinwa, Ubushakashatsi n'Iterambere Bishingiye kuri Algorithm, n'Udushya mu Bikoresho Bigezweho Birimo Guhindura Imiterere y'Imodoka ku Isi Hagati y'Ibibazo by'Imisoro n'Impinduka mu Burayi muri Jewopolitike

1. Impinduka mu Iterambere ry'Ubutware bw'Imodoka ku Isi

Mu gihe kirenga ikinyejana, urwego rw'imodoka ku isi rwagenwe n'ubuhanga bwa moteri zikoresha umuriro (ICE). Ubuhanga bw'Abadage mu gutunganya neza, ubwizerwe bw'Abayapani, n'ubunini bw'Abanyamerika nibyo byari inkingi z'inganda. Ariko, mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2020 byagaragaje ko habayeho gucika intege gukomeye muri uru rwego. Guhinduka kw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs) si impinduka mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi gusa; ni impinduka y'ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga rya ADN ry'imodoka. Muri iki gihe gishya, Ubushinwa ntibwagaragaye nk'umwe mu bagize uruhare gusa, ahubwo bwagaragaye nk'umushushanyi w'ibanze w'urwego rushya rw'imodoka ku isi.

Inkuru ivuga ko “imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa EV zo mu Bushinwa zirimo kugera ku ntego zazo” ubu irashaje. Mu by’ukuri, imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa EV zo mu Bushinwa zarenze abahanganye bazo bo mu Burayi na Amerika mu bintu byinshi by’ingenzi: gukoresha neza ibiciro, kwihuta mu guhanga udushya, guhuza porogaramu, no kwihanganira imiyoboro y’ibikoresho. Uku gusimbuka kw’ikoranabuhanga ni umusaruro wa politiki y’inganda imaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ishoramari rinini mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ubukungu, hamwe n’umuco wihariye w’abaguzi ba mbere mu ikoranabuhanga ufata imodoka nk’iterefone igendanwa aho kuba igikoresho cyo gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwa tekiniki.

Mu gihe dusesengura uko isoko ry’isi rihagaze ubu, tubona itandukaniro rikomeye. Abakora ibikoresho by’umwimerere mu Burengerazuba barimo guhangana n’ “imyenda y’amateka”—uburyo bwa kera bwo gukora, imiyoboro ikomeye y’abacuruzi, n’umuco wo gutanga ibicuruzwa buhoro buhoro. Hagati aho, amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa nka BYD, NIO, XPeng, na Li Auto, hamwe n’ibigo bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga byinjira muri uyu mwuga nka Xiaomi na Huawei, bakorera mu byo abahanga mu nganda bita “Umuvuduko w’Ubushinwa.” Iki gice kirasuzuma ibice by’ibanze by’iyi mpinduka kandi gishyiraho inzira yo kwibanda ku nkingi za tekiniki n’ingamba zo kwigarurira amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa.

2. Ishingiro ry'Ubutware: Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bya Lithium mu Bushinwa

Ishingiro rya buri EV ni batiri, ingana na 30% kugeza kuri 40% by'ikiguzi cyose cy'imodoka. Kugira ngo umuntu yumve impamvu EV zo mu Bushinwa ari nziza mu giciro no mu mikorere, agomba kureba uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bya batiri ya lithiamu-ion. Ubushinwa ntibukora batiri gusa; bugenzura uruhererekane rw'agaciro rwose kuva ku gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro kugeza ku guteranya uturemangingo.

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro

Nubwo lithium, cobalt, na nickel bicukurwa ku isi yose, inzira yo kuyungurura iri mu Bushinwa cyane. Hejuru ya 70% by'isukura ya lithium ku isi na hafi 80% by'isukura ya cobalt bikorerwa mu bihugu by'Ubushinwa. Ibi biha abakora amashanyarazi bo mu Bushinwa inyungu y'ibiciro "bya mbere" kurusha uko abahanganye bo mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi badashobora guhura nabyo. Amasosiyete nka Ganfeng Lithium na Tianqi Lithium yabonye amasezerano y'igihe kirekire n'imigabane mu birombe biva muri Ositaraliya bijya muri Amerika y'Epfo, bishimangira ko ibikoresho fatizo bihora bizamuka uko isoko rihagaze.

CATL na BYD: Abatitani b'Ingufu

CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited) ni yo iyoboye ku isi mu gukora bateri. Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga rya cell-to-pack (CTP) byatumye habaho ingufu nyinshi hatabayeho gukoresha modules gakondo, bigabanya uburemere n'ikiguzi. Byongeye kandi, kwihutisha kwakozwe n'Ubushinwa muri shimi ya Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)—ikoranabuhanga ryahoze rivugwaho n'abakora imodoka bo mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi ko rikoresha ingufu nke—byagaragaye ko ari umuhanga mu by'ubuhanga. Bateri za LFP zitekanye, zihendutse, kandi ziraramba kurusha izindi za Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM). Binyuze mu kunoza ikoranabuhanga rya LFP, ibigo by'Abashinwa byashoboye gukora EV zihendutse kandi zigitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana.

“Blade Battery” ya BYD ni indi ntambwe ikomeye mu bya tekiniki. Ikoresheje uburyo ndende kandi bworoshye bwo gukora, Blade Battery ikora neza umwanya kandi igatsinda ibizamini bikomeye by’umutekano, harimo n’ikizamini cyo kwinjira mu nzara idafashwe n’umuriro. Uru rwego rw’umutekano n’ubushobozi bwo gukora neza byatumye bateri zo mu Bushinwa ziba amahitamo meza ndetse no ku bigo byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi; Tesla na Toyota ubu bateri zituruka ku bahanganye bo mu Bushinwa kugira ngo zikomeze guhangana.

3. Guhuza mu buryo buhagaze: Icyitegererezo cya BYD n'urupfu rw'abatanga serivisi bo mu cyiciro cya mbere

Ubwoko bw'imodoka gakondo bwari bushingiye ku muyoboro munini w'abatanga imodoka bo mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri (nka Bosch, Continental, na Denso). Ikigo gishinzwe ikoranabuhanga cyashushanyaga imodoka no guteranya ibice byaturutse kuri aba batanga imodoka. Abayobozi b'ibigo by'amashanyarazi byo mu Bushinwa, cyane cyane BYD, bataye ubu bwoko bw'imodoka bahitamo gukoresha imodoka mu buryo buhanitse.

Ingamba zo Gukoresha Ibintu Byose mu Nzu

BYD ni ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga gikora imodoka. Bakora bateri zabo bwite, moteri z’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bitanga ingufu, ndetse n’ibikoresho bya semiconductor (IGBTs na SiC MOSFETs) bigenzura urujya n’uruza rw’ingufu. Mu gihe cy’ibura ry’ibikoresho bya semiconductor ku isi rya 2021-2022, mu gihe inganda zo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi zari zihagaze, imiyoboro y’ibikorwa bya BYD yakomeje gucuranga kuko yari ifite silikoni.

Uku guhuza ibintu mu buryo buhagaze bitanga inyungu ebyiri zikomeye:

1. Kugenzura Ibiciro: Mu gukuraho inyungu y’abatanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, BYD ishobora gukora imodoka nka Seagull cyangwa Dolphin ku giciro kiri hagati ya $10.000 na $15.000, abakora ibicuruzwa byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi basanga bidashoboka kugeraho badatakaje amafaranga.
2. Imiterere y'Ubumwe: Iyo bateri, moteri, na porogaramu byakozwe n'itsinda rimwe ry'abahanga mu by'ubuhanga, urwego rwo guhuza ibintu ruba rwiza cyane. Ibi bituma habaho imicungire myiza y'ubushyuhe, imikorere myiza, kandi ubunararibonye bw'umukoresha burushaho kuba bwiza.

Itsinda ry'imbaraga rya "All-in-One"

Ibigo nka Huawei na BYD byatangije uburyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi bwa 8-in-1 cyangwa ndetse na 12-in-1. Binyuze mu guhuza moteri, gearbox, inverter, DC-DC converter, na charger yo mu bwato mu gice kimwe gito, bigabanya urwego rw'imodoka, bigabanura uburemere, kandi byoroshya inzira yo kuyikora. Uru ni urwego rwo guhuza ibicuruzwa byinshi by'i Burayi ubu bitangiye kugerageza mu buryo bushya bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.

4. Ibinyabiziga bikoresha mudasobwa bigezweho n'imodoka zikoresha porogaramu (SDVs): The Digital Edge

Mu maso y'umuguzi wo muri iki gihe w'Umushinwa, imodoka ntigenwa n'igihe ikoresha mu muvuduko wa 0-60 mph, ahubwo igenwa n'uburyo ikoresha ecran ya ecran ndetse n'ubwenge bw'umufasha wayo w'ijwi. Aha niho "Smart Cockpit" ikorera, aho ibigo by'Abashinwa byasize abanywanyi babyo mu ndorerwamo y'inyuma.

Sisitemu y'ibidukikije igendanwa ku mapine

Abakora imodoka ba kera bo mu Burengerazuba bakunze kugorwa na porogaramu za mudasobwa, bigatuma sisitemu zo gukurura amakuru zidakora neza ndetse n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bugacikamo ibice. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibyuma bigezweho byo mu Bushinwa byubatswe ku bikoresho by'imodoka bigezweho nka Qualcomm Snapdragon 8295. Imiterere ya porogaramu akenshi ikomoka ku bikoresho bya mudasobwa zigendanwa (nk'ibya Huawei's HarmonyOS cyangwa NIO's Banyan).

Ibintu by'ingenzi bya Smart Cockpit yo mu Bushinwa birimo:

• Ibidukikije bya Ecran nyinshi: Imodoka nka Li Auto L9 zifite ecran nini za OLED ku mushoferi, abagenzi, n'intebe z'inyuma, zose zihujwe no kugira ngo zigaragare neza muri "sinema".
• Abafasha mu Ijwi rya AI: Izi si sisitemu z'ibanze za "Call Mom" ​​za kera. Abafasha mu by'ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina muri NIO cyangwa XPeng bashobora kumenya umugenzi urimo kuvuga, kugenzura buri dirishya, guhindura sisitemu y'impumuro nziza, ndetse no kwitabira ibiganiro bisanzwe, bihuza abantu benshi.
• Imikino yo mu modoka no kuyibyaza umusaruro: Hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhuza 5G na GPU zikomeye, ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byo mu Bushinwa birimo guhinduka ibiro bigendanwa n'ahantu ho gukinira imikino, hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhuza VR/AR.

Amakuru agezweho mu kirere (OTA)

Nubwo Tesla ari yo yatangije ivugurura rya OTA, ibigo by’ubucuruzi byo mu Bushinwa byarayinoze. EV yo mu Bushinwa iratera imbere buri kwezi. Byaba ari ivugurura rya suspension tuning, imiterere mishya ya UI, cyangwa kunoza algorithme za ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems), "Software-Defined Vehicle" yemeza ko ibikoresho bikomeza kuba ingenzi nyuma y’igihe kirekire cyo kugura. Iyi gahunda yihuse yo gusubiramo ni igice cy’ingenzi cya "China Speed" sosiyete zisanzwe zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zisanga iteje akaga.

5. Ubushakashatsi n'Iterambere biyobowe na Algorithm: Ubuhanga ku Muvuduko w'Urumuri

Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi ariko bitagaragara cyane by'amasosiyete y'imodoka zo mu Bushinwa ni imikorere myiza mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere. Iterambere risanzwe ry'imodoka nshya mu Burayi cyangwa muri Amerika rifata amezi 48 kugeza kuri 60. Amasosiyete y'Abashinwa arabikora mu mezi 18 kugeza kuri 24.

Impanga zo mu buryo bwa digitale n'uburyo bwo kwigana

Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi b’Abashinwa bishingikiriza cyane ku “Digital Twins” na simulations zigezweho. Aho kubaka imiterere myinshi ifatika yo gupima impanuka cyangwa guhindura ikirere, bakoresha amatsinda manini y’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bakore amashusho menshi ya virtual. Ubu buryo bushingiye kuri algorithm bugaragaza inenge ziri mu cyiciro cy’igishushanyo, amezi menshi mbere yuko igice kimwe cy’icyuma gishyirwaho ikimenyetso.

Umuco wa "Sprint"

Imiterere y'ibigo nka Xiaomi cyangwa NIO isa n'ikigo gishya cya Silicon Valley aho kuba ikigo gisanzwe cy'imodoka. Amatsinda y'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi akorana mu buryo butunguranye. Mu gihe itsinda rimwe rikora kuri chassis, irindi ririmo kurangiza porogaramu ya v2.0. Ubu buryo bworoshye, hamwe n'abakozi basanzwe bakiri bato kandi bazi ikoranabuhanga, butuma ibigo by'Abashinwa bifata ingamba ku bijyanye n'isoko (nk'uko LiDAR cyangwa 800V byihuse bihita bitangira) hafi mu gihe nyacyo.

Iterambere rishingiye ku makuru

Kubera ko imodoka ibihumbi amagana zihujwe mu muhanda, amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa afite amahirwe yo kubona amakuru menshi ajyanye n’ibintu nyabyo. Algorithms zisesengura uburyo abashoferi bakoresha imodoka zabo, aho bateri zigenda zigabanuka vuba, n’uburyo sisitemu zo gutwara zigenga zifata ibidukikije bigoye mu mijyi. Iyi gahunda yo gusubiza ibibazo ifasha mu kunoza amakuru mu buryo buhoraho, aho kwishingikiriza ku buryo umuntu yumva ibintu nk’uko umuhanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga abitekereza.

6. Impinduramatwara mu Ishyirahamwe: Kuva ku "Ngengo y'Imari" kugera kuri "Ultra-Premium"

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, "Made in China" mu bijyanye n'imodoka yari ifitanye isano n'imodoka zihenze zikora clones ndetse n'amateka mabi y'umutekano. Icyo gihe cyararangiye. Muri iki gihe, ibigo by'ubucuruzi byo mu Bushinwa biri kugaba ibiciro byiza kandi bitsindira ibihembo by'ubugeni.

Izamuka ry'igice cy'akataraboneka cyane

Ikirango gito cya BYDYangwangni urugero rwiza cyane. Yangwang U8, imodoka nziza cyane itwara abagenzi mu muhanda igura arenga $150.000, ifite moteri enye zigenga zituma imodoka ishobora "guhindukira" ndetse no kureremba mu mazi mu gihe cy'impanuka. Iyi si imodoka "ihendutse"; ni imurikagurisha ry'ikoranabuhanga rihanganye na Mercedes-Benz G-Class.

NIOyibanze ku "mibereho" yo kwamamaza ikirango cy'agaciro. Bakoresheje "NIO Houses" zabo—inzu zihenze z'abafite amazu y'ubukorikori—n'umuyoboro wabo w'abahinduranya bateri ku isi, bubatse ubwitange bw'ikirango buhanganye na Apple. Ba nyiri ikirango ntibagura imodoka gusa; ahubwo binjira mu muryango wihariye.

Ubuhanga mu gushushanya

Ibigo by’Abashinwa byashatse abantu bafite impano zikomeye mu by’ubugeni baturutse i Burayi. Abahoze ari abayobozi b’ibihangano mu by’ubugeni muri Audi, BMW, na Bentley ubu ni bo bayobozi bakuru ba BYD, Zeekr, na Hongqi. Ingaruka zabyo ni ubwiza bushya—bukunze kwitwa “Ubukire Bushya bw’Abashinwa”—buvanga ikoranabuhanga riciriritse n’ubukorikori gakondo. Ibi byatumye habaho impinduka ikomeye muri “Brand Premium.” Mu Bushinwa, umusore w’inzobere ubu ashobora kugaragara cyane muri Zeekr 001 cyangwa Xiaomi SU7 kuruta BMW 3-Series.

7. Kwaguka kw'Uburayi: Ingamba zo kwinjiza isoko n'iterambere ry'ibanze

Uko isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu mu Bushinwa rigenda rirushaho gupiganwa cyane, kwaguka kw’isi ni intambwe ikurikiraho. Uburayi, bufite intego zikomeye zo kutagabanya karubone n’ubushobozi bwo kugura, ni bwo ntego nyamukuru.

Uburyo bwo Kubona Umuguzi Ukoresheje Uburyo Butaziguye

Dufatiye ku gitabo cy’imikino cya Tesla, ibigo byinshi by’ubucuruzi byo mu Bushinwa biri kurenga ibigo bisanzwe bicuruza ibicuruzwa. NIO na XPeng barimo gufungura amaduka akomeye mu mijyi minini nka Oslo, Berlin, na Paris. Ibi bituma bashobora kugenzura ubunararibonye bw’ibicuruzwa no kugumana inyungu nyinshi.

Guhindura Ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw'umwimerere

Imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa EV z’Abashinwa zinjira i Burayi si kopi za karuboni gusa z’imashini zazo zo mu gihugu. Zirimo kuvugururwa kugira ngo zihuze n’amahame y’umutekano ya Euro NCAP n’ibyo Abanyaburayi bakunda gutwara. Ibi birimo gukosora imiyoboro ikomeye yo gutwara imodoka mu muhanda munini hamwe na porogaramu zo mu gace runaka zihuzwa n’imiyoboro yo mu Burayi yo gusharija na serivisi zo gusakaza amashusho.

Ubufatanye mu Ngamba

MG (ifitwe na SAIC) ni yo kirango cy’Abashinwa cyagize uruhare runini mu Burayi kugeza ubu, ahanini kubera ko yakoresheje izina ry’amateka ry’Ubwongereza kugira ngo yizere. Andi marango arimo arayakurikiza, afatanya n’abacuruza ibicuruzwa byo mu gace cyangwa amasosiyete y’ingufu mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikenewe.

8. Imisoro n'Intambara z'Ubucuruzi: Gukoresha uburyo bwo kurinda EU na Amerika

Izamuka ryihuta ry’imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa EV zo mu Bushinwa ryateje ikibazo cyo kwirwanaho cyaturutse kuri za leta z’Uburengerazuba. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashyizeho imisoro 100% ku modoka zo mu bwoko bwa EV zo mu Bushinwa, bituma zifungwa ku isoko. Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi wakurikiyeho n’urukurikirane rw’iperereza rirwanya inkunga ndetse n’imisoro y’agateganyo iri hagati ya 17% na 38%.

Ikiganiro ku nkunga

Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi uvuga ko abacuruzi b’amashanyarazi b’Abashinwa bungukira ku nkunga za leta zidafite ishingiro, kuva ku butaka buhendutse n’inguzanyo zishingiye ku nyungu ntoya kugeza ku nkunga y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere. Nubwo hari ukuri ku byerekeye inkunga ya leta, abayobozi b’Ubushinwa bavuga ko inyungu zabo ku biciro zituruka ku mikorere myiza y’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, atari inkunga za leta gusa. Bagaragaza ko za leta zo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi nazo ubu zirimo gushyira miliyari mu "Amasezerano y’ibidukikije" na "Amategeko yo kugabanya ibiciro."

Ingaruka z'imisoro

Imisoro ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo kwaguka kw'Ubushinwa, ariko birashoboka ko bitazabihagarika. Imodoka ya EV yo mu Bushinwa igura $20.000 kugira ngo ikoreshwe ishobora kunguka mu Burayi nubwo yaba ifite imisoro ya 30%, cyane cyane iyo ibiciro byakozwe mu Burayi bingana na $45.000. Ariko, imisoro ihatira amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa guhindura ingamba zayo kuva ku "Kohereza hanze" kugeza ku "Gushyira mu bikorwa aho umuntu atuye."

9. Ingaruka za politiki y'isi n'ivugurura ry'ubushobozi bw'isi

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imbogamizi z’ubucuruzi, inganda z’amashanyarazi zo mu Bushinwa ziri kuvugurura cyane umusaruro wazo ku isi. Turimo kubona impinduka kuva kuri “Made in China” kugera kuri “Made by China, for the World.”

Ahantu hashya ho gukora inganda

• Hongiriya: BYD yatangaje uruganda rwa mbere rw’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Burayi muri Hongiriya, igihugu cyakomeje kuba cyiza ku ishoramari ry’Abashinwa. Uru ruganda ruzemerera BYD gukora imodoka muri EU, rurenze imisoro kandi rugabanya uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa.
• Tayilande na ASEAN: Tayilande irimo kuba ihuriro ry’akarere ry’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byo mu Bushinwa. Great Wall Motor na BYD bashinze inganda nini cyane kugira ngo zikorere amasoko yo mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya na Ositaraliya.
• Megizike na Brezili: Ibi bihugu bibera nk'inzira zinjira muri Amerika. Binyuze mu nganda zikorerwa muri Megizike, ibirango by'Abashinwa byashoboraga kugera ku isoko rya Amerika binyuze mu masezerano y'ubucuruzi ya USMCA, nubwo iki kibazo kigikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye muri politiki.
• Afurika y'Iburasirazuba bwo Hagati n'Amajyaruguru (MENA): Hamwe n'ishoramari muri Maroc na UAE, amasosiyete y'Abashinwa arimo kwihaza mu guhaza icyifuzo gikomeje kwiyongera mu Majyepfo y'Isi.

Ingamba z'"Uruhererekane rw'Ibikoresho Bibiri"

Kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago bya politiki y’isi, ibigo by’Abashinwa birimo guteza imbere "Imiyoboro Ibiri y’Ibicuruzwa." Uruhererekane rumwe ruherereye mu Bushinwa ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, mu gihe urundi rwubakwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga - hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo mu gihugu n’abakozi - kugira ngo rubashe kubahiriza ibisabwa n’amategeko n’ibya politiki ku masoko yo mu mahanga. Ubu buryo bwo "Ku Isoko, Ku Isoko" ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kubaho mu gihe cyo gutakaza ubusugire bw’isi.

10. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Ese Uburengerazuba bushobora kugeraho?

Ikibazo cya miliyari y'amadolari ku nganda z'imodoka ku isi ni iki: Ese ibihangange bya kera byo mu Burayi na Amerika bishobora kugera ku ruganda rw'imodoka rwo mu Bushinwa rukora imodoka nyinshi?

Inzitizi zo Kugera ku Banyamuryango

1. Impano ya Porogaramu: Abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga ba kera ni amasosiyete y'ubukanishi agerageza kuba amasosiyete ya porogaramu. Iri hinduka ry'umuco riragoye cyane. Kubona no kugumana impano za porogaramu zo ku rwego rwo hejuru ni ikibazo iyo uhanganye na Google, Apple, cyangwa Xiaomi.
2. Imiterere y'Ikiguzi: Imiterere y'ikiguzi cy'akazi ka kera, harimo ikiguzi cy'abakozi kiri hejuru n'inshingano za pansiyo, bituma bigorana guhangana ku giciro.
3. Umuvuduko wo gufata ibyemezo: Ibyumba by’inama by’ibigo bisanzwe bikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki akenshi birinda ibyago kandi bigatinda. Mu isi y’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, gutinda gufata icyemezo mu mezi atatu bishobora gutuma habaho ikoranabuhanga ritagerwaho.

Inzira yo mu Burengerazuba

Ibigo byo mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi biracyafite inyungu mu murage w'ibirango, imiyoboro ya serivisi ku isi, n'imigendekere yo gutwara imodoka yihuta cyane (urugero, ubwoko bwa "Autobahn"). Kugira ngo bikomeze kubaho, bigomba:

• Fatanya: Turimo kubona ubufatanye budasanzwe, nko gushora imari muri XPeng na Stellantis muri Leapmotor. Niba udashobora kubatsinda, jya mu muryango wabo.
• Ibande ku bintu by'ingenzi cyane: Guhangana n'Ubushinwa mu gice cy'amadolari 20.000 birashoboka ko ari ikintu kitagishoboka. Ibigo byo mu Burengerazuba bw'isi bigomba kongeramo agaciro k'ubwiza, kwiha agaciro, no gusabana n'amarangamutima.
• Oroshya: Ingorane z'imirongo y'imodoka zo mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi ni imbogamizi. Bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwa "Tesla/China" bwo gukoresha puratifomu nke n'ibikoresho bisanzwe.

11. Umwanzuro: Gahunda nshya y'isi y'amashanyarazi

Inganda z'imodoka muri iki gihe zirimo kubona impinduka zikomeye kuva aho havumburiwe umurongo w'imodoka. Imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa EV zo mu Bushinwa ntizahageze gusa, ahubwo zashyizeho igipimo gishya cy'uko imodoka igezweho igomba kuba imeze. Binyuze mu guhuza politiki y'inganda ifite icyerekezo, guhuza cyane, no kwibanda ku bunararibonye bw'abakoresha ikoranabuhanga, Ubushinwa bwarenze imbaraga gakondo z'isi y'imodoka.

Nubwo imisoro n'amakimbirane ya politiki bizatera amakimbirane, imbaraga z'ikoranabuhanga ziri ku ruhande rw'Ubushinwa. "Ingufu z'amashanyarazi" ntabwo zikiri icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza; ni ukuri kw'ubu. Ku muguzi, ibi bivuze ahazaza h'ubwikorezi bw'ubwenge, butekanye, kandi buhendutse. Ku nganda z'imodoka ku isi, ni ikimenyetso cy'uko amategeko ashaje atagikurikizwa. Inzira igana ahazaza h'ubwikorezi ikomeje gutegurwa n'abahanga mu guhanga udushya muri Shenzhen, Shanghai, na Hefei. Ikibazo ku isi yose si ukubaka imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo ni uguhuza umuvuduko, ubunini, n'ubwenge bw'abayobozi bashya.