Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G nesimo sayo samanje ekhaya naphesheya

Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G nesimo sayo samanje ekhaya naphesheya

Buyini ubuchwepheshe be-V2G?
Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G bubhekisela ekudluliselweni kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili phakathi kwezimoto kanye negridi yamandla. I-V2G, esho ukuthi “Vehicle-to-Grid,” ivumela izimoto zikagesi ukuthi zishaje ngegridi yamandla kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ziphakela amandla agciniwe emuva kugridi. Inhloso eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe be-V2G ukuthuthukisa amandla okushayela okungakhiqizi lutho ezimotweni zikagesi nokuhlinzeka ngosekelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nezinsizakalo zokulawula kugridi yamandla.

Ngobuchwepheshe be-V2G, izimoto zikagesi zingasebenza njengemishini yokugcina amandla, ziphakele ugesi osele ubuyele kugridi ukuze usetshenziswe abanye abathengi. Phakathi nezikhathi zokufunwa kwegridi ephezulu, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buvumela ukukhululwa kwamandla emoto agciniwe abuyele kugridi, okusiza ekulinganiseni umthwalo. Ngokuphambene, ngezikhathi zokufunwa kwegridi ephansi, izimoto zikagesi zingadonsa amandla kugridi ukuze zishaje kabusha. Izimoto zikagesi zimunca ugesi ngezikhathi zomthwalo wegridi ephansi futhi ziwudedele ngezikhathi zomthwalo wegridi ephezulu, ngaleyo ndlela zithole inzuzo ngokuhluka kwentengo. Uma i-V2G ibonakala ngokugcwele, yonke imoto kagesi ingabhekwa njengebhange lamandla elincane: ukuxhuma phakathi nomthwalo ophansi wegridi kugcina amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuyilapho phakathi nomthwalo wegridi ephezulu, amandla agcinwe ebhethrini lamandla emoto angathengiswa abuyiselwe kugridi ukuze athole umehluko wamanani.

Isimo Samanje se-V2G e-China I-China inomkhumbi wezimoto zikagesi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ethula amandla amakhulu emakethe okusebenzelana kwemoto-to-grid (V2G). Kusukela ngo-2020, umbuso wethule izinqubomgomo eziningi zokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-V2G, nezikhungo ezaziwayo njengeNyuvesi yaseTsinghua kanye neNyuvesi yaseZhejiang zenza ucwaningo olunzulu. Mhla ziyi-17 kuNhlaba, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezamandla Kuzwelonke bakhiphe Imibono Yokuqalisa Ngokusheshisa Ukwakhiwa Kwengqalasizinda Eshajayo Ukusekela Kangcono Izimoto Ezintsha Zamandla Ezindaweni Zasemakhaya kanye Nokuvuselelwa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya. Lo mbhalo uhlongoza: ukukhuthaza ucwaningo kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile njengokuxhumana okukabili phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi kanye negridi (i-V2G) kanye nokulawulwa okudidiyelwe kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla, nokushaja. Iphinde ihlole ukusungula ingqalasizinda yokushaja edidiyelwe ehlinzeka ngokuphehlwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kanye nokushaja ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho amazinga okusebenzisa inqwaba yokushaja ephansi. Ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zamanani entengo kagesi we-peak-off-peak kuzogqugquzela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhokhise ngamahora okungasebenzi kakhulu. Ngo-2030, izindleko zokufunwa (ikhono) zizoyekwa ekushajeni okuphakathi nendawo kanye nezindawo zokushintsha amabhethri ezisebenza ngaphansi kwesistimu ye-tariff enezingxenye ezimbili. Izithiyo ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ngendlela efanele kwezinkampani zamagridi zizoxegiswa, futhi ukululama okuphelele kufakwe ezindlekweni zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa. Icala lesicelo: I-Shanghai isingatha izindawo ezintathu zokubonisa ze-V2G ezibandakanya ama-EVs angaphezu kweshumi, ikhipha cishe u-500 kWh nyanga zonke ngenani lemali engenayo elingu-¥0.8 nge-kWh ngayinye. Ngo-2022, u-Chongqing waqeda umjikelezo wamahora angu-48 wokushaja/wokukhipha ngokugcwele kwe-EV, emunca u-44 kWh ngokuhlangene. Ukwengeza, ezinye izifunda ngaphakathi kwe-China zihlola ngenkuthalo izinhlelo zokuhlola i-V2G, njengephrojekthi yokubonisa i-Beijing Renji Building V2G kanye nephrojekthi yokubonisa yaseBeijing China Re Center V2G. Ngo-2021, i-BYD yaqala uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu lokuletha izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi eziphakathi nendawo nezisindayo ezifinyelela ku-5,000 ze-V2G ku-Levo Mobility LLC. Amazwe aphesheya kwezilwandle e-V2G Landscape e-Europe naseMelika abeke ukugcizelela okukhethekile kubuchwepheshe be-V2G, ethula ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okusobala kusenesikhathi. Kusukela ngo-2012, iNyuvesi yaseDelaware yethula iphrojekthi yokuhlola ye-eV2gSM, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlola amandla kanye nenani lezomnotho lezimoto zikagesi ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulawula imvamisa kugridi ye-PJM ngaphansi kwezimo ze-V2G ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka okungokwemvelo kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ukuze unike amandla izimoto zikagesi zeNyuvesi yaseDelaware ezinamandla amancane ukuthi zibambe iqhaza emakethe yokulawulwa kwamafrikhwensi, umshayeli wendiza wehlise imfuneko encane yamandla yabahlinzeki besevisi yokulawula imvamisa isuka ku-500 kilowatts yaya cishe kuma-kilowatts ayi-100. Ngo-2014, ngokwesekwa uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US kanye neKhomishini Yamandla Yamandla yaseCalifornia, iphrojekthi yokubonisa yaqala e-Los Angeles Air Force Base. NgoNovemba 2016, i-Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) iphakamise izichibiyelo zokulawula ukuze kube lula ukufakwa kwesitoreji samandla kanye nezihlanganisi zensiza yamandla ezisabalalisiwe (DER) ezimakethe zikagesi. Sekukonke, ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlola kokuhlola kwe-US kubonakala kuhlanganisa konke, kunezindlela ezihambisanayo zenqubomgomo okungenzeka ziphothulwe phakathi nonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili ezayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubekisele phambili i-V2G ekusebenzeni kwezentengiselwano okunamandla. E-European Union, uhlelo lwe-SEEV4-City lwaqala ngo-2016, lwabela ama-euro ayizigidi ezi-5 ukusekela amaphrojekthi ayisithupha emazweni amahlanu. Lesi sinyathelo sigxile ekunikeni amandla ama-microgrid ukuthi ahlanganise amandla avuselelekayo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-V2H, V2B, ne-V2N. Ngo-2018, uhulumeni wase-UK wamemezela uxhaso lwemali elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-£30 kumaphrojekthi angama-21 e-V2G. Lolu xhaso lwezimali luhlose ukuhlola imiphumela ye-R&D yezobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi esifanayo kuhlonzwe amathuba emakethe alobo buchwepheshe.

Ubunzima Bezobuchwepheshe Nezinselele Zokuhambisana Kwedivayisi ye-V2G Technology:

Ukuhambisana phakathi kwezimoto ezahlukene, amabhethri, namagridi kagesi kuletha inselele enkulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuphezulu kumaphrothokholi zokuxhumana kanye nokushaja/ukukhipha ukusebenzelana phakathi kwezimoto negridi kubalulekile ekudluliselweni kwamandla okusebenzayo nokusebenzisana. Ukuguquguquka Kwegridi: Ukuhlanganisa inombolo enkulu yezimoto zikagesi ezinhlelweni zokusebenzisa amandla egridi kungase kubangele inselele kungqalasizinda yegridi ekhona. Izinkinga ezidinga ukuxazululwa zihlanganisa ukuphathwa komthwalo wegridi, ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwegridi, kanye nokuguquguquka kwegridi ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokushajwa kwe-EV. Izinselele zobuchwepheshe: Amasistimu e-V2G kumele anqobe izithiyo eziningi zobuchwepheshe, ezifana nobuchwepheshe bokushaja nokukhipha amandla, amasistimu okulawula ibhethri, nezindlela zokuxhuma igridi. Lezi zinselele zidinga ukuhlolwa nokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Ukuphathwa Kwebhethri Lemoto: Ezimotweni zikagesi, ibhethri lisebenza njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokugcina amandla. Ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-V2G, ukulawula okunembayo phezu kokuphathwa kwebhethri kubalulekile ukuze kulinganiswe izimfuno zegridi nokucatshangelwa kokuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri. Ukushaja/Ukukhipha Ngokuphumelelayo Nesivinini: Ukufeza izinqubo zokushaja nokukhipha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kobuchwepheshe be-V2G. Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obuseqophelweni eliphezulu kumele buthuthukiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwamandla kanye nesivinini ngenkathi kuncishiswa ukulahleka kwamandla. Ukuzinza Kwegridi: Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izimoto zikagesi njengengxenye yegridi, ukubeka izidingo eziphakeme ekuzinzeni nasekuvikelekeni kwegridi. Izinkinga ezingaba khona ezivela ekuhlanganisweni kwegridi yezimoto ezinkulu kufanele kubhekwane nazo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwesistimu yamandla. Izindlela Zemakethe: Imodeli yezohwebo kanye nezindlela zemakethe zezinhlelo ze-V2G nazo ziletha izinselele. Ukucatshangelwa okucophelelayo kanye nesixazululo kuyadingeka ukuze kulinganiswe izintshisekelo zababambiqhaza, ukusungula izinhlaka zentela ezifanele, kanye nokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzisi ekuhwebeni kwamandla e-V2G.

Izinzuzo zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-V2G Technology:

Ukuphathwa kwamandla: Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buvumela izimoto zikagesi ukuthi zibuyisele ugesi kugridi, kube lula ukugeleza kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili. Lokhu kusiza ekulinganiseni ukulayishwa kwegridi, kuthuthukise ukuzinza nokwethembeka kwegridi, kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela emithonjeni yamandla engcolisayo efana nokuphehlwa kwamandla kagesi ngamalahle. Isitoreji Samandla: Izimoto zikagesi zingasebenza njengengxenye yesistimu yokugcina amandla, zigcine ugesi osele futhi ziwukhiphe lapho kudingeka. Lokhu kusiza ekulinganiseni ukulayishwa kwegridi futhi kunikeza ukwesekwa kwamandla okwengeziwe ngezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa Kwemali Engenayo: Ngobuchwepheshe be-V2G, abanikazi bezimoto bangaxhuma izimoto zabo zikagesi kugridi, badayise ugesi futhi bathole iholo elihambisanayo noma izinxephezelo. Lokhu kunikeza indlela engenayo eyengeziwe yabanikazi be-EV. Ukukhishwa Kwekhabhoni Encishisiwe: Ngokunciphisa ukuthembela emithonjeni yamandla angcolisayo evamile, izimoto zikagesi ezinikwe amandla i-V2G zingehlisa isikhutha kanye nokunye ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, kuveze imithelela emihle kwezemvelo. Ukuguquguquka Kwegridi Okuthuthukisiwe: Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G busiza ukuphathwa kwegridi okuguquguqukayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka. Inika amandla ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwebhalansi yesidingo sokuhlinzekwa kwegridi ngokusekelwe ezimeni zesikhathi sangempela, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukuguquguquka kwegridi nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza.