Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G kanye nesimo salo samanje ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G kanye nesimo salo samanje ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Buyini ubuchwepheshe be-V2G?
Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G bubhekisela ekudlulisweni kwamandla okubili phakathi kwezimoto kanye negridi yamandla. I-V2G, efushanisiwe ngokuthi “Imoto-kuya-kuGridi,” ivumela izimoto zikagesi ukuthi zishaje ngegridi yamandla ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo zondla amandla agciniwe abuyele kugridi. Inhloso eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe be-V2G ukuthuthukisa amakhono okushayela izimoto zikagesi angakhiphi ugesi futhi inikeze ukwesekwa kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nezinsizakalo zokulawula igridi yamandla.

Ngobuchwepheshe be-V2G, izimoto zikagesi zingasebenza njengamadivayisi okugcina amandla, zifake ugesi owengeziwe kugridi ukuze usetshenziswe abanye abathengi. Ngesikhathi sokufunwa kwegridi ephezulu, ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buvumela ukukhululwa kwamandla ezimoto ezigciniwe kugridi, okusiza ekulinganiseni umthwalo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngezikhathi zokufunwa kwegridi ephansi, izimoto zikagesi zingadonsa amandla kugridi ukuze ziphinde zishaje. Izimoto zikagesi zimunca ugesi ngezikhathi zomthwalo wegridi ophansi bese ziwukhulula ngezikhathi zomthwalo wegridi ophezulu, ngaleyo ndlela zithole inzuzo ngomehluko wentengo. Uma i-V2G iqashelwa ngokugcwele, yonke imoto kagesi ingabhekwa njengebhange lamandla elincane: ukuxhuma ngesikhathi somthwalo wegridi ophansi kugcina amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuyilapho ngesikhathi somthwalo wegridi ophezulu, amandla agcinwe ebhethri lamandla emoto angathengiswa emuva kugridi ukuze athole umehluko wentengo.

Isimo Samanje se-V2G eShayina IShayina inezimoto zikagesi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iveza amathuba amakhulu emakethe okuxhumana kwezimoto negridi (V2G). Kusukela ngo-2020, umbuso wethule izinqubomgomo eziningi zokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-V2G, kanye nezikhungo ezidumile njengeTsinghua University kanye neZhejiang University ezenza ucwaningo olujulile. Ngomhlaka-17 Meyi, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke kanye ne-National Energy Administration bakhiphe i-Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Support Better New Energy Vehicles in Rural Areas and Rural Revitalisation. Lo mbhalo uphakamisa: ukukhuthaza ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe obubalulekile njengokuxhumana okubili phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi kanye negridi (V2G) kanye nokulawulwa okuhlanganisiwe kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kanye nokushaja. Iphinde ihlole ukusungulwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja ehlanganisiwe enikeza ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kanye nokushaja ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho amazinga okusetshenziswa kwenqwaba yokushaja ephansi. Ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zamanani kagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuzokhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bashaje ngesikhathi samahora angewona aphezulu. Ngo-2030, izindleko zesidingo (umthamo) zizosuswa ezindaweni zokushaja ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezindawo zokushintshana ngamabhethri ezisebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lwentela olunezingxenye ezimbili. Imingcele ekusebenzeni kahle kokutshalwa kwezimali ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa kwamabhizinisi egridi izoncishiswa, kanye nokubuyiselwa okugcwele okufakwe emananini okudlulisa nokusabalalisa. Icala lesicelo: IShanghai isingatha izindawo ezintathu zokubonisa ze-V2G ezibandakanya ama-EV angaphezu kweshumi, ekhipha cishe ama-500 kWh njalo ngenyanga ngesilinganiso semali engenayo esingu-¥0.8 nge-kWh. Ngo-2022, iChongqing yaqeda umjikelezo wokushaja/wokukhipha impendulo egcwele wamahora angu-48 we-EV, emunca ama-kWh angu-44 ngokuhlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifunda ngaphakathi kweShayina zihlola ngenkuthalo izinhlelo zokuhlola ze-V2G, njengephrojekthi yokubonisa ye-Beijing Renji Building V2G kanye nephrojekthi yokubonisa ye-Beijing China Re Centre V2G. Ngo-2021, i-BYD yaqala uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu lokuletha izimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile ezifinyelela ku-5,000 ezisebenza nge-V2G ku-Levo Mobility LLC. Amazwe Angaphandle Kwezwe Asebenzisa I-V2G Emazweni AseYurophu NaseMelika Agxile Kakhulu Kubuchwepheshe Be-V2G, Ethula Ukusekelwa Kwenqubomgomo Okucacile Esigabeni Sasekuqaleni. Kusukela Ngo-2012, iNyuvesi yaseDelaware Yaqala Iphrojekthi Yokuhlola ye-eV2gSM, Ehlose Ukuhlola Inani Elingaba Khona Nezomnotho Lezimoto Zikagesi Ezihlinzeka Ngezinsizakalo Zokulawula Imvamisa Kugridi Ye-PJM Ngaphansi Kwezimo Ze-V2G Ukuze Kuncishiswe Ukuphazamiseka Kwamandla Avuselelekayo. Ukuze Izimoto Zikagesi ZaseNyuvesi YaseDelaware Ezinamandla Aphansi Zikwazi Ukuhlanganyela Emakethe Yokulawula Imvamisa, I-Pilot Yehlisa Isidingo Samandla Esincane Sabahlinzeki Bezinsizakalo Zokulawula Imvamisa Kusukela Kuma-kilowatts angu-500 Kuya Kuma-kilowatts Angaba Yi-100. Ngo-2014, Ngosizo LoMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US kanye neKhomishini Yamandla yaseCalifornia, Iphrojekthi Yokubonisa Yaqala E-Los Angeles Air Force Base. NgoNovemba 2016, i-Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Yaphakamisa Izichibiyelo Zokulawula Ukuze Kwenziwe Kulula Ukungena Kwabahlanganisi Bezindawo Zokugcina Amandla kanye Nezinsizakusebenza Zamandla Ezisatshalaliswa (i-DER) Ezimakethe Zikagesi. Sekukonke, ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlola kwase-US kubonakala kuphelele, kanye nezindlela zenqubomgomo ezihambisanayo ezingase ziqedwe phakathi nonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili ezayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhutshwe i-V2G ibe yibhizinisi elibalulekile. E-European Union, uhlelo lwe-SEEV4-City lwaqala ngo-2016, lwabela ama-€5 million ukusekela amaphrojekthi ayisithupha emazweni amahlanu. Lolu hlelo lugxile ekwenzeni ama-microgrid ahlanganise amandla avuselelekayo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-V2H, V2B, kanye ne-V2N. Ngo-2018, uhulumeni wase-UK wamemezela uxhaso lwemali olucishe lube yizigidi ezingama-£30 kumaphrojekthi angu-21 e-V2G. Lolu xhaso luhlose ukuhlola imiphumela efanele yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo lukhomba amathuba emakethe obuchwepheshe obunjalo.

Ubunzima Bobuchwepheshe Nezinselele Zokuhambisana Kwedivayisi Yobuchwepheshe be-V2G:

Ukuhambisana phakathi kwezimoto ezahlukene, amabhethri, kanye namagridi kagesi kuletha inselele enkulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuphezulu kumaphrothokholi okuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana kokushaja/ukukhipha amandla phakathi kwezimoto kanye negridi kubalulekile ekudlulisweni kwamandla okuphumelelayo kanye nokusebenzisana. Ukuzivumelanisa Negridi: Ukuhlanganisa inani elikhulu lezimoto zikagesi ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana kwamandla egridi kungabangela izinselele engqalasizinda yegridi ekhona. Izinkinga ezidinga ukuxazululwa zifaka ukuphathwa komthwalo wegridi, ukuthembeka kwegridi kanye nokuzinza, kanye nokuguquguquka kwegridi ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokushaja ze-EV. Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe: Izinhlelo ze-V2G kumele zinqobe izithiyo eziningi zobuchwepheshe, njengobuchwepheshe bokushaja nokukhipha amandla ngokushesha, izinhlelo zokulawula ukuphathwa kwebhethri, kanye namasu okuxhumana kwegridi. Lezi zinselelo zidinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kanye nocwaningo kanye nentuthuko. Ukuphathwa Kwebhethri Lemoto: Ezimotweni zikagesi, ibhethri lisebenza njengedivayisi yokugcina amandla ebalulekile. Ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-V2G, ukulawula okunembile ukuphathwa kwebhethri kubalulekile ukulinganisela izidingo zegridi kanye nokucabangela isikhathi eside sebhethri. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokushaja/Ukukhipha Amandla kanye Nesivinini: Ukufeza izinqubo zokushaja nokukhipha amandla ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kobuchwepheshe be-V2G. Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obuthuthukisiwe kumele buthuthukiswe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa amandla kanye nesivinini ngenkathi kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Ukuzinza Kwegridi: Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buhilela ukuhlanganisa izimoto zikagesi njengengxenye yegridi, okubeka izidingo eziphakeme ekuzinzeni kwegridi kanye nokuphepha. Izinkinga ezingaba khona ezivela ekuhlanganisweni kwegridi yezimoto ezinkulu kumele zixazululwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kanye nokuqina kohlelo lwamandla. Izindlela Zemakethe: Imodeli yezentengiselwano kanye nezindlela zemakethe zezinhlelo ze-V2G nazo ziletha izinselele. Kudingeka ukucatshangelwa kanye nesisombululo ngokucophelela ukuze kulinganiswe izintshisekelo zababambiqhaza, kusungulwe izakhiwo zentela ezifanele, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela kwabasebenzisi ekushintshisaneni kwamandla kwe-V2G.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G:

Ukuphathwa Kwamandla: Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G buvumela izimoto zikagesi ukuthi zibuyisele ugesi kugridi, zenze kube lula ukugeleza kwamandla okuya ezindaweni ezimbili. Lokhu kusiza ekulinganiseni imithwalo yegridi, kuthuthukise ukuzinza kwegridi nokuthembeka, futhi kunciphise ukuthembela emithonjeni yamandla engcolisayo njengokukhiqiza ugesi okusetshenziswa ngamalahle ngendlela yendabuko. Ukugcinwa Kwamandla: Izimoto zikagesi zingasebenza njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezisatshalaliswayo, zigcine ugesi owengeziwe futhi ziwukhulule lapho kudingeka. Lokhu kusiza ekulinganiseni imithwalo yegridi futhi kunikeze ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwamandla ngezikhathi ezimatasa. Ukukhiqizwa Kwemali Engenayo: Ngobuchwepheshe be-V2G, abanikazi bezimoto bangaxhuma izimoto zabo zikagesi kugridi, bathengise ugesi futhi bathole imali engenayo noma izikhuthazo ezifanayo. Lokhu kunikeza umthombo wemali engenayo owengeziwe kubanikazi be-EV. Ukwehla Kokukhishwa Kwekhabhoni: Ngokunciphisa ukuthembela emithonjeni yamandla engcolisayo evamile, izimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisa i-V2G zinganciphisa i-carbon dioxide kanye neminye igesi ekhishwa yi-greenhouse, ziveze imiphumela emihle yemvelo. Ukuguquguquka Kwegridi Okuthuthukisiwe: Ubuchwepheshe be-V2G busiza ukuphathwa kwegridi okuguquguqukayo, buthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka. Buvumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo ebhalansi yokuphakelwa kwegridi ngokusekelwe ezimweni zesikhathi sangempela, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuliswe ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusebenza kahle kwegridi.