Ukadaulo wa V2G ndi momwe ulili pano m'dziko ndi kunja

Ukadaulo wa V2G ndi momwe ulili pano m'dziko ndi kunja

Kodi ukadaulo wa V2G ndi chiyani?
Ukadaulo wa V2G umatanthauza kutumiza mphamvu mbali zonse ziwiri pakati pa magalimoto ndi gridi yamagetsi. V2G, chidule cha "Galimoto kupita ku Gridi," imalola magalimoto amagetsi kuyitanitsa kudzera pa gridi yamagetsi pomwe nthawi yomweyo imabwezeretsa mphamvu yosungidwa mu gridi. Cholinga chachikulu cha ukadaulo wa V2G ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zoyendetsera magalimoto amagetsi kuti asatulutse mpweya woipa ndikupereka chithandizo chamagetsi ndi ntchito zowongolera gridi yamagetsi.

Kudzera mu ukadaulo wa V2G, magalimoto amagetsi amatha kugwira ntchito ngati zida zosungira mphamvu, kubwezera magetsi ochulukirapo mu gridi kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ogula ena. Munthawi yomwe gridi ikufunika kwambiri, ukadaulo wa V2G umathandizira kumasula mphamvu zamagalimoto osungidwa mu gridi, zomwe zimathandiza pakulinganiza katundu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, munthawi yomwe gridi ikufunika pang'ono, magalimoto amagetsi amatha kutenga mphamvu kuchokera ku gridi kuti ibwezeretsedwe. Magalimoto amagetsi amayamwa magetsi munthawi yomwe gridi ikufunika pang'ono ndikutulutsa munthawi yomwe gridi ikufunika kwambiri, motero amapeza phindu kuchokera ku kusiyana kwa mitengo. Ngati V2G yakwaniritsidwa mokwanira, galimoto iliyonse yamagetsi ikhoza kuonedwa ngati banki yaying'ono yamagetsi: kulumikiza mkati mu gridi ikakhala yochepa kumasunga mphamvu zokha, pomwe munthawi yomwe gridi ikufunika kwambiri, mphamvu zomwe zimasungidwa mu batire yamagetsi yagalimoto zimatha kugulitsidwanso ku gridi kuti zipeze kusiyana kwa mitengo.

Mkhalidwe wa V2G ku China Pakadali pano China ili ndi magalimoto akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pamsika wolumikizirana pakati pa magalimoto ndi gridi (V2G). Kuyambira 2020, boma lakhazikitsa mfundo zingapo zopititsira patsogolo ukadaulo wa V2G, ndi mabungwe otchuka monga Tsinghua University ndi Zhejiang University akuchita kafukufuku wozama. Pa 17 Meyi, National Development and Reform Commission ndi National Energy Administration adatulutsa Malingaliro Okhudza Kufulumizitsa Kumanga Zomangamanga Zochajitsa Kuti Zithandize Bwino Magalimoto Atsopano Amagetsi M'madera Akumidzi ndi Kukonzanso Kumidzi. Chikalatachi chikupereka malingaliro otsatirawa: kulimbikitsa kafukufuku waukadaulo wofunikira monga kuyanjana kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi gridi (V2G) ndikuwongolera bwino kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic, kusungira mphamvu, ndi kuchajitsa. Chikufufuzanso kukhazikitsa zomangamanga zochajitsa zophatikizana zomwe zimapereka kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic, kusungira mphamvu, ndi kuchajitsa m'madera akumidzi komwe mitengo yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ndi yotsika. Kukhazikitsa mfundo zamitengo yamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kudzalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kutchajitsa nthawi yomwe magetsi sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pofika chaka cha 2030, ndalama zofunira (mphamvu) zidzachotsedwa pa malo ochapira ndi kusinthana mabatire omwe amagwira ntchito pansi pa dongosolo la magawo awiri. Zopinga pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zomangira ma network ogawa ma gridi zidzachepetsedwa, ndipo kubwezeretsa kwathunthu kudzaphatikizidwa mu mitengo yotumizira ndi kugawa. Nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito: Shanghai ili ndi madera atatu owonetsera a V2G omwe ali ndi ma EV oposa khumi, omwe amatulutsa pafupifupi 500 kWh pamwezi pamtengo wa ¥0.8 pa kWh. Mu 2022, Chongqing idamaliza maola 48 ochapira/kutulutsa magetsi athunthu a EV, omwe amatenga 44 kWh mowirikiza. Kuphatikiza apo, madera ena mkati mwa China akufufuza mwachangu njira zoyesera za V2G, monga pulojekiti yowonetsera ya Beijing Renji Building V2G ndi pulojekiti yowonetsera ya Beijing China Re Centre V2G. Mu 2021, BYD idayamba pulogalamu ya zaka zisanu yopereka magalimoto amagetsi apakatikati ndi olemera okwana 5,000 a V2G ku Levo Mobility LLC. Mayiko akunja a V2G ku Europe ndi America aika patsogolo kwambiri ukadaulo wa V2G, ndikuyambitsa chithandizo chodziwikiratu cha mfundo pachiyambi. Kuyambira mu 2012, University of Delaware idayambitsa pulojekiti yoyesera ya eV2gSM, yomwe cholinga chake chinali kuwunika momwe magalimoto amagetsi omwe amapereka ntchito zowongolera ma frequency ku PJM grid pansi pa mikhalidwe ya V2G amagwirira ntchito kuti achepetse nthawi yokhazikika yamagetsi ongowonjezwdwa. Pofuna kuti magalimoto amagetsi a University of Delaware omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa azitha kutenga nawo mbali pamsika wowongolera ma frequency, woyendetsayo adachepetsa mphamvu zochepa zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa opereka chithandizo chowongolera ma frequency kuchokera pa 500 kilowatts kufika pa pafupifupi 100 kilowatts. Mu 2014, mothandizidwa ndi US Department of Defense ndi California Energy Commission, pulojekiti yowonetsera idayamba ku Los Angeles Air Force Base. Mu Novembala 2016, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) idapereka malingaliro osintha malamulo kuti athandize kulowa kwa magetsi osungira ndi kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi (DER) m'misika yamagetsi. Ponseponse, kutsimikizira koyambirira kwa US kukuwoneka kokwanira, ndipo njira zowonjezera za mfundo zitha kumalizidwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zikubwerazi, motero kupititsa patsogolo V2G mu ntchito yayikulu yamalonda. Mu European Union, pulogalamu ya SEEV4-City inayamba mu 2016, ndikugawa €5 miliyoni kuti ithandizire mapulojekiti asanu ndi limodzi m'maiko asanu. Ntchitoyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakulola ma microgrid kuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso kudzera mu ntchito za V2H, V2B, ndi V2N. Mu 2018, boma la UK linalengeza ndalama zokwana £30 miliyoni pamapulojekiti 21 a V2G. Ndalamazi cholinga chake ndi kuyesa zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo komanso kuzindikira mwayi wamsika waukadaulo wotere.

Mavuto aukadaulo ndi zovuta za kugwirizana kwa chipangizo cha V2G Technology:

Kugwirizana pakati pa magalimoto osiyanasiyana, mabatire, ndi ma gridi amphamvu kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu. Kuonetsetsa kuti pali kugwirizana kwakukulu mu njira zolumikizirana komanso kulumikizana pakati pa magalimoto ndi gridi ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kusamutsa bwino mphamvu ndi kulumikizana bwino. Kusinthasintha kwa Gridi: Kuphatikiza magalimoto ambiri amagetsi mu machitidwe olumikizirana mphamvu za gridi kungayambitse mavuto pa zomangamanga zomwe zilipo. Nkhani zomwe zimafuna kuthetsa mavuto ndi monga kuyang'anira katundu wa gridi, kudalirika kwa gridi ndi kukhazikika, komanso kusinthasintha kwa gridi pokwaniritsa zofunikira pakuchaja kwa EV. Mavuto aukadaulo: Makina a V2G ayenera kuthana ndi zopinga zingapo zaukadaulo, monga ukadaulo wochaja mwachangu ndi kutulutsa mphamvu, machitidwe owongolera kayendetsedwe ka mabatire, ndi njira zolumikizirana ndi gridi. Mavutowa amafuna kuyesa kosalekeza ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko. Kuyang'anira Mabatire a Magalimoto: Kwa magalimoto amagetsi, batire limagwira ntchito ngati chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri chosungira mphamvu. Mkati mwa makina a V2G, kuwongolera molondola kayendetsedwe ka mabatire ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kuyanjana pakati pa kufunika kwa gridi ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi moyo wautali wa batire. Kuchaja/Kutulutsa Mphamvu ndi Liwiro: Kukwaniritsa njira zochaja ndi kutulutsa mphamvu zogwira mtima kwambiri ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ukadaulo wa V2G ugwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Ukadaulo wapamwamba wochaja uyenera kupangidwa kuti uwonjezere magwiridwe antchito ndi liwiro losamutsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu. Kukhazikika kwa Gridi: Ukadaulo wa V2G umaphatikizapo kuphatikiza magalimoto amagetsi ngati gawo la gridi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu pa kukhazikika kwa gridi ndi chitetezo. Mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha kuphatikiza gridi ya magalimoto akuluakulu ayenera kuthetsedwa kuti atsimikizire kudalirika ndi kukhazikika kwa makina amagetsi. Njira Zamsika: Chitsanzo chamalonda ndi njira zamsika zama makina a V2G zimadzetsanso mavuto. Kuganizira mosamala ndi kuthetsa ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kulinganiza zofuna za omwe akukhudzidwa, kukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zolipirira, ndikulimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pakusinthana kwa mphamvu za V2G.

Ubwino wa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ukadaulo wa V2G:

Kasamalidwe ka Mphamvu: Ukadaulo wa V2G umathandiza magalimoto amagetsi kubwezera magetsi mu gridi, zomwe zimathandiza kuyenda kwa mphamvu mbali zonse ziwiri. Izi zimathandiza kulinganiza katundu wa gridi, kukulitsa kukhazikika kwa gridi ndi kudalirika, komanso kuchepetsa kudalira magwero amagetsi oipitsa monga kupanga magetsi achikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito malasha. Kusunga Mphamvu: Magalimoto amagetsi amatha kugwira ntchito ngati gawo la makina osungira mphamvu ogawidwa, kusunga magetsi ochulukirapo ndikutulutsa pakafunika. Izi zimathandiza kulinganiza katundu wa gridi ndikupereka chithandizo chowonjezera cha mphamvu panthawi yomwe ikukwera. Kupanga Ndalama: Kudzera mu ukadaulo wa V2G, eni magalimoto amatha kulumikiza magalimoto awo amagetsi ku gridi, kugulitsa magetsi ndikupeza ndalama zoyenera kapena zolimbikitsa. Izi zimapereka ndalama zowonjezera kwa eni magalimoto a EV. Kuchepetsa Utsi wa Carbon: Mwa kuchepetsa kudalira magwero amagetsi oipitsa, magalimoto amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi V2G amatha kuchepetsa carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wina wowononga kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino zachilengedwe. Kusinthasintha kwa Gridi: Ukadaulo wa V2G umathandizira kasamalidwe ka gridi kosinthasintha, kukonza kukhazikika ndi kudalirika. Umathandizira kusintha kosinthika kwa kufunikira kwa magetsi ndi kufunikira kwa gridi kutengera momwe zinthu zilili nthawi yeniyeni, motero kumawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa gridi ndi magwiridwe antchito.