Itekhnoloji ye-V2G kunye nemeko yayo yangoku ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Itekhnoloji ye-V2G kunye nemeko yayo yangoku ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Yintoni iteknoloji ye-V2G?
Itekhnoloji ye-V2G ibhekisa ekudlulisweni kwamandla ngamacandelo amabini phakathi kwezithuthi kunye negridi yamandla. I-V2G, isishunqulelo esithi "Isithuthi-ukuya-kwiGridi," ivumela izithuthi zombane ukuba zitshaje ngegridi yamandla ngelixa ngaxeshanye zibuyisela amandla agciniweyo kwigridi. Injongo ephambili yetekhnoloji ye-V2G kukuphucula amandla okuqhuba izithuthi zombane angakhuphi mbane kwaye inike inkxaso yokubonelela ngombane kunye neenkonzo zokulawula igridi yamandla.

Ngeteknoloji ye-V2G, izithuthi zombane zinokusebenza njengezixhobo zokugcina amandla, zibuyisela umbane ongaphezulu kwigridi ukuze usetyenziswe ngabanye abathengi. Ngexesha lemfuno yegridi ephezulu, iteknoloji ye-V2G ivumela ukukhululwa kwamandla ezithuthi ezigciniweyo kwigridi, inceda ekulinganiseni umthwalo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngexesha lemfuno ephantsi yegridi, izithuthi zombane zinokutsala amandla kwigridi ukuze ziphinde zitshaje. Izithuthi zombane zifunxa umbane ngexesha lomthwalo ophantsi wegridi kwaye ziwukhulule ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu wegridi, ngaloo ndlela zifumana inzuzo kumahluko wamaxabiso. Ukuba i-V2G ifezekiswa ngokupheleleyo, zonke izithuthi zombane zinokuthathwa njengebhanki yamandla encinci: ukuxhuma ngexesha lomthwalo ophantsi wegridi ngokuzenzekelayo kugcina amandla, ngelixa ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu wegridi, amandla agcinwe kwibhetri yamandla yesithuthi anokuthengiswa kwakhona kwigridi ukuze afumane umahluko wamaxabiso.

Imeko yangoku ye-V2G eTshayina I-China ineenqwelo-mafutha zombane ezinkulu kwihlabathi, inika amandla amakhulu emarike yokusebenzisana phakathi kwezithuthi (V2G). Ukusukela ngo-2020, urhulumente uye wazisa imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi yokuphucula itekhnoloji ye-V2G, kunye namaziko adumileyo afana neYunivesithi yaseTsinghua kunye neYunivesithi yaseZhejiang enza uphando olunzulu. Ngomhla we-17 kuMeyi, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo lweMandla kunye noLawulo lweSizwe lwaMandla bakhuphe iZimvo zoPhumezo malunga nokuKhawulezisa uKwakhiwa kweZiseko zokuTshaja ukuze kuXhaswe ngcono iZithuthi eziNtsha zaMandla kwiindawo zasemaphandleni kunye noVuselelo lwaMaphandle. Olu xwebhu lucebisa: ukukhuthaza uphando kwiiteknoloji eziphambili ezifana nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezithuthi zombane kunye negridi (V2G) kunye nolawulo oludibeneyo lokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kunye nokutshaja. Ikwahlola ukusekwa kweziseko zophuhliso zokutshaja ezidibeneyo ezibonelela ngokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kunye nokutshaja kwiindawo zasemaphandleni apho amazinga okusetyenziswa kweenqwaba zokutshaja aphantsi. Ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yamaxabiso ombane okwixesha eliphakathi kuya kukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba batshaje ngexesha eliphakathi kwexesha eliphakathi. Ngowama-2030, iindleko zemfuno (umthamo) ziya kurhoxiswa kwizibonelelo zokutshaja kunye nokutshintshana kwebhetri ezisebenza phantsi kwenkqubo yerhafu enamacandelo amabini. Imida ekusebenzeni kakuhle kotyalo-mali lolwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwamashishini egridi iya kuncitshiswa, kunye nokubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kufakwe kwiirhafu zothumelo kunye nokusasazwa. Imeko yesicelo: IShanghai ibamba iindawo ezintathu zokubonisa ze-V2G ezibandakanya ii-EV ezingaphezulu kweshumi, zikhupha malunga ne-500 kWh ngenyanga ngexabiso lengeniso ye-¥0.8 nge-kWh. Ngowama-2022, iChongqing yagqiba umjikelo wokutshaja/ukukhupha impendulo epheleleyo yeeyure ezingama-48 kwi-EV, ithatha i-44 kWh ngokudibeneyo. Ukongeza, eminye imimandla ngaphakathi eTshayina ihlola ngokukhutheleyo amanyathelo okulinga e-V2G, afana neprojekthi yokubonisa yeBeijing Renji Building V2G kunye neprojekthi yokubonisa yeBeijing China Re Centre V2G. Ngowama-2021, i-BYD yaqalisa inkqubo yeminyaka emihlanu yokunikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5,000 izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo ezisebenza nge-V2G kwiLevo Mobility LLC. Amazwe aphesheya kwe-V2G aseYurophu naseMelika agxininise kakhulu kwitekhnoloji ye-V2G, engenisa inkxaso ecacileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ukususela ngo-2012, iYunivesithi yaseDelaware yaqalisa iprojekthi yovavanyo lwe-eV2gSM, ejolise ekuvavanyeni ixabiso elinokubakho kunye nezoqoqosho lezithuthi zombane ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zokulawula amaza kwigridi ye-PJM phantsi kweemeko ze-V2G ukunciphisa ixesha eliphakathi kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ukuze izithuthi zombane zeYunivesithi yaseDelaware ezinamandla aphantsi zikwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimarike yokulawula amaza, umqhubi wehlise imfuneko yamandla amancinci kubaboneleli beenkonzo zokulawula amaza ukusuka kwi-500 kilowatts ukuya kwi-100 kilowatts. Ngo-2014, ngenkxaso evela kwiSebe lezoKhuselo lase-US kunye neKhomishini yaMandla yaseCalifornia, iprojekthi yokubonisa yaqala kwiLos Angeles Air Force Base. NgoNovemba ka-2016, iKhomishini yoLawulo lwaMandla kaRhulumente (i-FERC) icebise izilungiso zomthetho ukuze kube lula ukungena kwezixhobo zokugcina amandla kunye nezixhobo zamandla ezisasazwayo (i-DER) kwiimarike zombane. Ngokubanzi, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-US okulingwayo kubonakala kubanzi, kunye neendlela zomgaqo-nkqubo ezihambelanayo ezinokugqitywa kwiminyaka omnye ukuya kwemibini ezayo, ngaloo ndlela kuqhutywa i-V2G ukuba isebenze ngokusesikweni kwezorhwebo. Kwi-European Union, inkqubo ye-SEEV4-City yaqala ngo-2016, yabela i-€5 yezigidi ukuxhasa iiprojekthi ezintandathu kumazwe amahlanu. Eli phulo ligxile ekwenzeni ii-microgrids zidibanise amandla avuselelekayo ngezicelo ze-V2H, V2B, kunye ne-V2N. Ngo-2018, urhulumente wase-UK wabhengeza inkxaso-mali emalunga ne-£30 yezigidi kwiiprojekthi ze-V2G ezingama-21. Le nkxaso-mali ijolise ekuvavanyeni iziphumo zophando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ezifanelekileyo ngelixa ngaxeshanye ichonga amathuba emarike kwezo teknoloji.

Ubunzima bobuchwephesha kunye nemingeni yokuhambelana kwezixhobo zeTekhnoloji ye-V2G:

Ukuhambelana phakathi kwezithuthi ezahlukeneyo, iibhetri, kunye neegridi zamandla kuvelisa umngeni omkhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana okuphezulu kwiiprotokholi zonxibelelwano kunye nokudibana kokutshaja/ukukhupha phakathi kwezithuthi kunye negridi kubalulekile ekudluliseleni amandla ngempumelelo kunye nokusebenzisana. Ukulungelelaniswa kweGridi: Ukudibanisa inani elikhulu lezithuthi zombane kwiinkqubo zokusebenzisana kwamandla egridi kunokubangela imingeni kwiziseko zophuhliso zegridi ezikhoyo. Imiba efuna isisombululo ibandakanya ulawulo lomthwalo wegridi, ukuthembeka kwegridi kunye nozinzo, kunye nokuguquguquka kwegridi ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zokutshaja ze-EV. Imingeni yoBugcisa: Iinkqubo ze-V2G kufuneka zoyise imiqobo emininzi yobugcisa, efana nobuchwepheshe bokutshaja nokukhupha ngokukhawuleza, iinkqubo zolawulo lolawulo lwebhetri, kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana kwegridi. Le mingeni ifuna uvavanyo oluqhubekayo kunye nophando kunye nophuhliso. Ulawulo lweBhetri yeZithuthi: Kwizithuthi zombane, ibhetri isebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokugcina amandla. Ngaphakathi kwiinkqubo ze-V2G, ulawulo oluchanekileyo kulawulo lwebhetri lubalulekile ukulinganisela iimfuno zegridi kunye nezinto ezifunekayo ukuze ibhetri ihlale ixesha elide. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja/ukukhupha kunye nesantya: Ukufezekisa iinkqubo zokutshaja nokukhupha ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni ngempumelelo kwetekhnoloji ye-V2G. Iiteknoloji zokutshaja eziphambili kufuneka ziphuhliswe ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwamandla kunye nesantya ngelixa kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Uzinzo lweGrid: Itekhnoloji ye-V2G ibandakanya ukudibanisa izithuthi zombane njengenxalenye yegrid, ibeka iimfuno ezikhulayo kuzinzo lwegrid kunye nokhuseleko. Imiba enokubakho evela ekudityanisweni kwegrid yezithuthi ezinkulu kufuneka ijongwane nayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuzinza kwenkqubo yamandla. Iindlela zeMarike: Imodeli yorhwebo kunye neendlela zemarike zeenkqubo ze-V2G nazo zizisa imingeni. Ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kunye nesisombululo kuyafuneka ukuze kulinganiswe umdla wabachaphazelekayo, kusekwe izakhiwo zerhafu ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzisi kutshintshiselwano lwamandla lwe-V2G.

Iingenelo zokusetyenziswa kweTekhnoloji ye-V2G:

Ulawulo lwaMandla: Itekhnoloji ye-V2G ivumela izithuthi zombane ukuba zibuyisele umbane kwigridi, zenze kube lula ukuhamba kwamandla kwicala ngalinye. Oku kunceda ekulinganiseni imithwalo yegridi, ukuphucula uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwegridi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwimithombo yamandla engcolisayo efana nokuveliswa kwamandla ombane asebenzisa amalahle. Ugcino lwaMandla: Izithuthi zombane zinokusebenza njengenxalenye yeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezisasazwayo, zigcine umbane ongaphezulu kwaye ziwukhuphe xa kufuneka. Oku kunceda ekulinganiseni imithwalo yegridi kwaye kubonelele ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo yamandla ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo. Ukuveliswa kweNgeniso: Ngetekhnoloji ye-V2G, abanini bezithuthi banokuqhagamshela izithuthi zabo zombane kwigridi, bathengise umbane kwakhona kwaye bafumane ingeniso okanye izikhuthazo ezifanayo. Oku kubonelela ngomthombo wengeniso owongezelelweyo kubanini be-EV. Ukuncipha kokukhutshwa kweKhabhoni: Ngokunciphisa ukuthembela kwimithombo yamandla engcolisayo eqhelekileyo, izithuthi zombane ezisebenzisa i-V2G zinokunciphisa i-carbon dioxide kunye nezinye iigesi ezikhutshwayo ze-greenhouse, zivelise impembelelo entle kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuphuculwa kokuguquguquka kweGridi: Itekhnoloji ye-V2G inceda ulawulo lwegridi oluguqukayo, iphucula uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka. Ivumela uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo kwibhalansi yokubonelela-imfuno yegridi ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zexesha langempela, ngaloo ndlela inyusa ukuguquguquka kwegridi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.