Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G n'aho rihagaze ubu mu gihugu no mu mahanga

Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G n'aho rihagaze ubu mu gihugu no mu mahanga

Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G ni iki?
Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G risobanura kohereza ingufu mu cyerekezo cy’ibinyabiziga n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi. V2G, mu magambo ahinnye asobanura "Imodoka ijya kuri Grid", yemerera ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi gutanga ingufu binyuze ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi mu gihe icyarimwe bisubiza ingufu zabitswe mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Intego nyamukuru y’ikoranabuhanga rya V2G ni ukongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi nta byuka bihumanya ikirere no gutanga serivisi zo gutanga ingufu n’amabwiriza ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi.

Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gukora nk'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, zigasubiza amashanyarazi arenze mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo akoreshwe n'abandi bakoresha. Mu gihe cyo gukenera amashanyarazi menshi, ikoranabuhanga rya V2G rituma ingufu z'imodoka zabitswe zigaruka mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bigafasha mu kuringaniza imizigo. Ku rundi ruhande, mu gihe cyo gukenera amashanyarazi make, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gukura ingufu mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo zishyurwe. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifata amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gukenera amashanyarazi make zikayarekura mu gihe cyo gukenera amashanyarazi menshi, bityo zigakura inyungu mu giciro gitandukanye. Iyo V2G igezweho, buri modoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ishobora gufatwa nk'ingufu nto: kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo gukenera amashanyarazi make ihita ibika ingufu, mu gihe mu gihe cyo gukenera amashanyarazi menshi, ingufu zibitswe muri batiri y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka zishobora kugurishwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo zibone ikinyuranyo cy'igiciro.

Uko V2G ihagaze ubu mu Bushinwa Ubushinwa bufite imodoka nini cyane ku isi zikoresha amashanyarazi, bigaragaza amahirwe menshi ku isoko ryo guhuza imodoka na grid (V2G). Kuva mu 2020, leta yashyizeho politiki nyinshi zo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, aho ibigo bizwi nka Kaminuza ya Tsinghua na Kaminuza ya Zhejiang bikora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse. Ku ya 17 Gicurasi, Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu byasohoye ibitekerezo byo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kwihutisha iyubakwa ry'ibikorwa remezo byo gusana kugira ngo bishyigikire neza imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu cyaro no kuvugurura icyaro. Iyi nyandiko irasaba: gushishikariza ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi nko guhuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi (V2G) no kugenzura neza amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi, kubika ingufu, no gusana. Irasuzuma kandi gushyiraho ibikorwa remezo byo gusana amashanyarazi bitanga ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi, kubika ingufu, no gusana mu byaro aho igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi kiri hasi. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'igihe gito bizashishikariza abakoresha gusana mu gihe cy'amasaha atari ay'igihe kinini. Mu 2030, amafaranga yo gusaba (ubushobozi) azakurwaho ku bikoresho byo gusana no guhinduranya batiri bikorera muri sisitemu y’imisoro ibiri. Imbogamizi ku ishoramari mu bwubatsi bw’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ku bigo bitanga amashanyarazi zizagabanywa, kandi amafaranga yose azasubizwa mu misoro yo kohereza no gusakaza. Urugero rw’ikoreshwa: Shanghai ifite ahantu hatatu ho kwerekana V2G hakubiyemo EV zirenga icumi, zisohora hafi 500 kWh buri kwezi ku kigero cy’inyungu cya ¥0.8 kuri kWh. Mu 2022, Chongqing yarangije amasaha 48 yo gusana no gusohora umuriro wuzuye kuri EV, yinjiza 44 kWh icyarimwe. Byongeye kandi, utundi turere mu Bushinwa turimo gusuzuma cyane ingamba z’igerageza za V2G, nk'umushinga wo kwerekana Beijing Renji Inyubako V2G n'umushinga wo kwerekana Beijing China Re Centre V2G. Mu 2021, BYD yatangije gahunda y'imyaka itanu yo kugeza imodoka zigera ku 5,000 zikoresha V2G zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi aciriritse n'akomeye kuri Levo Mobility LLC. Ibihugu byo mu mahanga bya V2G byo mu Burayi na Amerika byashyize imbaraga cyane ku ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, bishyiraho inkunga isobanutse ya politiki mu ntangiriro. Kuva mu 2012, Kaminuza ya Delaware yatangije umushinga w’igerageza wa eV2gSM, ugamije gusuzuma agaciro k’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zitanga serivisi zo kugenzura inshuro ku muyoboro wa PJM mu gihe cya V2G kugira ngo bigabanye igihe cy’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Kugira ngo imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi nke za Kaminuza ya Delaware zikoresha ingufu nke zibasha kwitabira isoko ryo kugenzura inshuro, uyu mupilote yagabanyije ingufu nke zisabwa ku batanga serivisi zo kugenzura inshuro kuva kuri kilowati 500 kugera kuri kilowati zigera ku 100. Mu 2014, ku nkunga ya Minisiteri y’Ingabo ya Amerika na Komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu ya California, umushinga wo kwerekana watangiye mu Kigo cy’Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere cya Los Angeles. Mu Gushyingo 2016, Komisiyo ishinzwe kugenzura ingufu za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (FERC) yatanze inama ku mavugurura agenga kugira ngo byorohereze kwinjira mu bubiko bw’ingufu n’umutungo kamere w’ingufu (DER) mu masoko y’amashanyarazi. Muri rusange, kwemeza icyitegererezo cya Amerika bisa nkaho byuzuye, hamwe n'uburyo bwuzuzanya bwa politiki bushobora kurangizwa mu mwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri uri imbere, bityo V2G igashyirwa mu bikorwa by'ubucuruzi bikomeye. Mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, gahunda ya SEEV4-City yatangiye mu 2016, igena miliyoni 5 z'amayero zo gushyigikira imishinga itandatu mu bihugu bitanu. Iyi gahunda yibanda ku gutuma imiyoboro mito y'amashanyarazi ihuza ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa binyuze muri V2H, V2B, na V2N. Mu 2018, guverinoma y'Ubwongereza yatangaje inkunga ingana na miliyoni 30 z'amapawundi ku mishinga 21 ya V2G. Iyi nkunga igamije kugerageza ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kimwe hagaragazwa amahirwe y'isoko ry'iryo koranabuhanga.

Ingorane za tekiniki n'imbogamizi zo guhuza ibikoresho bya V2G by'ikoranabuhanga:

Ubwumvikane hagati y'ibinyabiziga bitandukanye, bateri, n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bitanga imbogamizi ikomeye. Kugenzura ko habaho ubwumvikane busesuye mu mikorere y'itumanaho no mu miyoboro yo gushyushya/gusohora umuriro hagati y'ibinyabiziga n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo ingufu zihuzwe neza kandi zihuzwe neza. Guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi: Guhuza umubare munini w'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi muri sisitemu yo guhuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi bishobora guteza imbogamizi ku bikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bihari. Ibibazo bisaba gukemurwa birimo gucunga umutwaro w'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kwizerana no guhagarara kw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, hamwe no koroshya ubwisanzure bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu kwakira ibyifuzo byo gushyushya umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Imbogamizi za tekiniki: Sisitemu za V2G zigomba gutsinda inzitizi nyinshi za tekiniki, nko ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro vuba, sisitemu zo kugenzura imicungire y'amabateri, n'uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Ibi bibazo bisaba igerageza rihoraho n'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere. Imicungire y'amabateri y'ibinyabiziga: Ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, bateri ikora nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kubika ingufu. Muri sisitemu za V2G, kugenzura neza imicungire y'amabateri ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho guhuza ibyifuzo by'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'iby'ingenzi ku kumara igihe kirekire kwa bateri. Gushyushya/gusohora umuriro n'umuvuduko: Kugera ku nzira zo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rya V2G rikore neza. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gushyushya umuriro rigomba gutezwa imbere kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza n'umuvuduko wo kohereza ingufu mu gihe bigabanyije igihombo cy'ingufu. Guhagarara neza k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi: Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G rikubiyemo guhuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi nk'igice cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bigashyiraho ibisabwa byinshi ku guhagarara neza k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'umutekano. Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka bitewe no guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ku rwego runini bigomba gukemurwa kugira ngo sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ibe yizewe kandi ihamye. Uburyo bwo ku isoko: Icyitegererezo cy'ubucuruzi n'uburyo bwo ku isoko rya sisitemu za V2G nabyo bitera imbogamizi. Hakenewe gutekerezwaho no gukemurwa neza kugira ngo harebwe inyungu z'abafatanyabikorwa, hashyirweho imiterere y'imisoro ikwiye, kandi hagashishikarizwa abakoresha kwitabira ihererekanya ry'ingufu za V2G.

Ibyiza byo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya V2G:

Imicungire y'Ingufu: Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G rituma imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigarura amashanyarazi mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, byoroshya urujya n'uruza rw'ingufu mu cyerekezo cy'imihanda ibiri. Ibi bifasha mu kuringaniza imitwaro y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kongera ubudahangarwa n'ubwirinzi, no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku ngufu zihumanya nk'ingufu zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gucana amakara. Kubika Ingufu: Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gukora nk'igice cy'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, kubika amashanyarazi menshi no kuyarekura igihe bikenewe. Ibi bifasha mu kuringaniza imitwaro y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kandi bigatanga inkunga y'inyongera y'amashanyarazi mu bihe by'umuvuduko. Kwinjiza amafaranga: Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, ba nyiri imodoka bashobora guhuza imodoka zabo zikoresha amashanyarazi ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bagurisha amashanyarazi kandi bakinjiza amafaranga ajyanye nayo cyangwa inyungu. Ibi bitanga inyungu yiyongereye ku ba nyiri amashanyarazi ya EV. Kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ya karuboni: Binyuze mu kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku ngufu zisanzwe zihumanya, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha V2G zishobora kugabanya dioxyde de carbone n'indi myuka ihumanya ikirere, bigatanga ingaruka nziza ku bidukikije. Kongera ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi: Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G ryoroshya imicungire y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, rinoza ubudahangarwa n'ubwirinzi. Rituma habaho impinduka zihindagurika ku buringanire bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ubusabane bushingiye ku miterere nyayo, bityo rikongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'imikorere myiza.