Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G nuburyo bugezweho mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga

Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G nuburyo bugezweho mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga

Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G ni iki?
Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G bivuga ihererekanyabubasha ryingufu hagati yimodoka na gride yamashanyarazi. V2G, ngufi kuri “Ikinyabiziga-Kuri-Grid,” ituma ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byishyuza binyuze mumashanyarazi mugihe icyarimwe bigaburira ingufu zabitswe gusubira muri gride. Intego yibanze yubuhanga bwa V2G nukuzamura ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bya zeru-zero no gutanga serivisi zogutanga amashanyarazi no kugenzura amashanyarazi.

Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora gukora nkibikoresho bibika ingufu, bigaburira amashanyarazi asagutse muri gride kugirango akoreshwe nabandi baguzi. Mugihe cyibisabwa bya gride, tekinoroji ya V2G ituma irekurwa ryimodoka yabitswe isubira muri gride, ifasha mukuringaniza imizigo. Ibinyuranye, mugihe cyibisabwa na gride nkeya, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora kuvana ingufu muri gride kugirango bishyure. Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikurura amashanyarazi mugihe cyumutwaro muto wa gride hanyuma ukayirekura mugihe cyumutwaro mwinshi wa gride, bityo ukunguka inyungu kubitandukaniro. Niba V2G imaze kugerwaho neza, buri kinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi gishobora gufatwa nka banki yingufu ntoya: gucomeka mugihe umutwaro muto wa gride uhita ubika ingufu, mugihe mugihe umutwaro mwinshi wa gride, ingufu zibitswe mumashanyarazi yikinyabiziga zirashobora kugurishwa kuri gride kugirango ubone itandukaniro ryibiciro.

Imiterere ya V2G muri iki gihe mu Bushinwa Ubushinwa bufite amato manini y’amashanyarazi ku isi, agaragaza amahirwe menshi y’isoko ryo guhuza ibinyabiziga na gride (V2G). Kuva mu 2020, leta yashyizeho politiki nyinshi zo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, ibigo bizwi nka kaminuza ya Tsinghua na kaminuza ya Zhejiang bikora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse. Ku ya 17 Gicurasi, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu batanze ibitekerezo byo gushyira mu bikorwa byihutisha iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo byishyurwa kugira ngo barusheho gutera inkunga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu cyaro no kuvugurura icyaro. Inyandiko itanga: gushishikariza ubushakashatsi mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi nko guhuza ibice byombi hagati y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi na gride (V2G) hamwe no kugenzura kugenzura amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, kubika ingufu, no kwishyuza. Irashakisha kandi gushyiraho ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza bitanga amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, kubika ingufu, no kwishyuza mu cyaro aho ibiciro byo gukoresha ibirundo biri hasi. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi bizashishikariza abakoresha kwishyuza mu masaha yo hejuru. Kugeza 2030, amafaranga asabwa (ubushobozi) azakurwaho kugirango yishyurwe hamwe n’ibikoresho byo guhinduranya batiri bikoreshwa muri sisitemu y’ibice bibiri. Imbogamizi zogukwirakwiza imiyoboro yubaka ishoramari ryogukora imishinga ya gride igomba koroherezwa, hamwe no gukira kwuzuye kwinjizwa mubiciro byohereza no kugabura. Urubanza rusaba: Shanghai yakiriye uturere dutatu twa V2G twerekanwe na EV zirenga icumi, zisohora hafi 500 kWh buri kwezi ku gipimo cyinjiza ¥ 0.8 kuri kilowati. Mu 2022, Chongqing yarangije amasaha 48 yuzuye yo kwishyuza / gusohora kuri EV, ikuramo 44 kWh hamwe. Byongeye kandi, utundi turere two mu Bushinwa turimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikorwa by’icyitegererezo cya V2G, nk’umushinga wo kwerekana imyubakire ya Beijing Renji V2G n’umushinga wo kwerekana Beijing China Re Centre V2G. Mu 2021, BYD yatangije gahunda yimyaka itanu yo kugeza amashanyarazi agera kuri 5.000 V2G akoresha imashini ziciriritse kandi ziremereye cyane Levo Mobility LLC. Ibihugu byo mu mahanga V2G mu bihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika byibanze cyane ku ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, bitangiza inkunga ya politiki igaragara hakiri kare. Nko mu mwaka wa 2012, kaminuza ya Delaware yatangije umushinga w’icyitegererezo wa eV2gSM, ugamije gusuzuma agaciro n’ubukungu by’imodoka zitanga amashanyarazi zitanga serivisi zogukurikirana imirongo ya PJM mu bihe bya V2G kugira ngo hagabanuke igihe cy’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Kugira ngo imodoka ya mashanyarazi ya kaminuza ya Delaware igereranywa n’amashanyarazi make kugira uruhare mu isoko ryo kugenzura imirongo, umuderevu w'indege yagabanije ingufu nkeya zisabwa ku batanga serivisi zitanga umurongo wa kilowati 500 kugeza kuri kilowati 100. Muri 2014, ku nkunga ya Minisiteri y’ingabo z’Amerika na komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu muri Californiya, umushinga w’imyiyerekano watangiriye ku kigo cy’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere cya Los Angeles. Mu Gushyingo 2016, Komisiyo ishinzwe kugenzura ingufu z’ingufu (FERC) yasabye ko hahindurwa amabwiriza kugira ngo byoroherezwe ububiko bw’ingufu kandi bigabanye ibikoresho by’ingufu (DER) ku masoko y’amashanyarazi. Muri rusange, kwemeza indege ya Amerika bigaragara ko byuzuye, hamwe na politiki yuzuzanya ishobora kuzarangira mu myaka iri imbere cyangwa ibiri iri imbere, bityo V2G igakora ibikorwa byubucuruzi bikomeye. Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, gahunda ya SEEV4-Umujyi yatangiye mu 2016, itanga miliyoni 5 z’amayero yo gutera inkunga imishinga itandatu mu bihugu bitanu. Iyi gahunda yibanze ku gufasha microgrids guhuza ingufu zishobora kubaho binyuze muri V2H, V2B, na V2N. Muri 2018, guverinoma y'Ubwongereza yatangaje inkunga ingana na miliyoni 30 z'amapound ku mishinga 21 ya V2G. Iyi nkunga igamije kugerageza ibyavuye mu ikoranabuhanga R&D mu gihe icyarimwe igaragaza amahirwe yo kwisoko kuri tekinoroji.

Ingorane za tekinike n'imbogamizi za V2G Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga Guhuza:

Guhuza ibinyabiziga bitandukanye, bateri, na gride y'amashanyarazi bitanga ikibazo gikomeye. Kugenzura niba bihuza cyane muri protocole y'itumanaho no kwishyuza / gusohora intera hagati y'ibinyabiziga na gride ni ngombwa mu guhererekanya ingufu no gukorana neza. Guhuza imiyoboro ya interineti: Kwinjiza ibinyabiziga byinshi byamashanyarazi muri sisitemu yo guhuza ingufu za gride birashobora guteza ibibazo ibikorwa remezo bihari. Ibibazo bisaba gukemurwa birimo imiyoborere ya gride, imiyoboro ya gride kwizerwa no gutuza, hamwe na gride ihinduka muguhuza ibyifuzo bya charge. Inzitizi za tekiniki: Sisitemu ya V2G igomba gutsinda inzitizi nyinshi za tekiniki, nko kwishyuza byihuse no gusohora tekinoroji, sisitemu yo gucunga bateri, hamwe nubuhanga bwo guhuza imiyoboro. Izi mbogamizi zisaba ubushakashatsi buhoraho nubushakashatsi niterambere. Imicungire ya Batiri yimodoka: Kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bateri ikora nkigikoresho gikomeye cyo kubika ingufu. Muri sisitemu ya V2G, kugenzura neza imicungire ya batiri ni ngombwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo bya gride hamwe no gutekereza kuramba. Kwishyuza / Gusohora neza Umuvuduko n'umuvuduko: Kugera kubikorwa byiza byo kwishyuza no gusohora ningirakamaro mugukoresha neza tekinoroji ya V2G. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kwishyuza rigomba gutezwa imbere kugirango ryongere imbaraga zo kohereza ingufu n'umuvuduko mugihe hagabanijwe gutakaza ingufu. Imiyoboro ya Gride: Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G ririmo guhuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nkigice cya gride, bigasaba ibyifuzo byumutekano muke hamwe numutekano. Ibibazo bishobora guturuka kumurongo munini wibinyabiziga bigomba guhuzwa bigomba gukemurwa kugirango sisitemu yingufu zizewe kandi zihamye. Uburyo bwisoko: Uburyo bwubucuruzi nuburyo bwisoko rya sisitemu ya V2G nabyo bitanga ibibazo. Gutekereza neza no gukemura birakenewe kugirango habeho kuringaniza inyungu zabafatanyabikorwa, gushyiraho inzego zifatika zifatika, no gushishikariza abakoresha kwitabira guhana ingufu za V2G.

Ibyiza byo gusaba bya tekinoroji ya V2G:

Imicungire y’ingufu: Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G rituma ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigarura amashanyarazi muri gride, byorohereza ingufu zombi. Ibi bifasha kuringaniza imizigo ya gride, kuzamura imiyoboro ya gride no kwizerwa, no kugabanya gushingira kumasoko y’ingufu zangiza nko kubyara amakara gakondo. Ububiko bw'ingufu: Imodoka z'amashanyarazi zirashobora gukora nka sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zagabanijwe, kubika amashanyarazi asagutse no kuyarekura igihe bibaye ngombwa. Ibi bifasha kuringaniza imizigo ya gride kandi itanga imbaraga zinyongera mugihe cyimpera. Umusaruro winjiza: Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, abafite ibinyabiziga barashobora guhuza ibinyabiziga byabo byamashanyarazi kuri gride, kugurisha amashanyarazi inyuma no kwinjiza amafaranga cyangwa kubatera inkunga. Ibi bitanga amafaranga yinyongera kuri banyiri EV. Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere: Mugabanye gushingira kumasoko y’ingufu zanduye zisanzwe, ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi V2G birashobora kugabanya dioxyde de carbone nizindi myuka ihumanya ikirere, bikagira ingaruka nziza kubidukikije. Imiyoboro ya Grid yongerewe imbaraga: tekinoroji ya V2G yorohereza imiyoborere ya gride ikora neza, itezimbere ituze kandi yizewe. Ifasha ihinduka ryoroshye rya gride itanga-isabwa kuringaniza hashingiwe ku bihe nyabyo, bityo bikazamura imiterere ya gride kandi ikora neza.