Imiterere y'ejo hazaza y'ingufu nyinshi za BESS DC Charging

Igisubizo cyihuse:Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi za BESS DC bivuga uburyo bwo kubika batiri bukorera kuri bisi za DC zifite ingufu nyinshi — 800 V, 1000 V, no kurenza aho zigera kuri 1500 V — zitanga ingufu nyinshi za DC, akenshi zigakoresha imirasire y'izuba ya DC, kugira ngo zikoreshwe ku bikoresho bya 800 V na 1000 V kuri 350–600 kW no hejuru. Impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga ririmo gutwarwa n'imbaraga eshatu: imiterere y'imodoka iva kuri 400 V igera kuri 800 V/1000 V (ituma habaho 10–80% by'amashanyarazi mu minota iri munsi ya 15), inyungu mu mikoranire ya DC (ikuraho ibice bibiri byo guhindura AC-DC no kuzamura imikorere y'urugendo kugeza kuri 95%+), n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya bikonjeshwa n'amazi bikomeza 500 A+ amashanyarazi buri gihe. Mu 2028, ibyuma bishya byinshi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bizubakwa kuri puratifomu za BESS za V 1000 DC, aho megawati zikoreshwa mu makamyo (MCS) zizaba zirimo 1250 A na 3.75 MW kuri buri gice.

Ingingo z'ingenzi:

• Imbuga z'imodoka ziri kuva kuri 400 V zikagera kuri 800 V/1000 V, kandi chargers zigomba guhuza voltage kugira ngo hirindwe gucika intege no gucibwa ibihano byo kwihuta kw'imodoka.
• Imiterere ya BESS ihujwe na DC ikuraho ibyiciro bibiri byo guhindura imikorere, yongera imikorere myiza ya sisitemu ikagera kuri 95%+ kandi ikagabanya igihombo cy'ubushyuhe n'ingufu ku mihanda minini.
• Gukonjesha amazi ni ngombwa hejuru ya 300 kW: bikomeza umuyoboro uhoraho wa 500 A+ binyuze mu guhuza n'insinga ubukonje bw'umwuka budashobora gucunga.
• Amabwiriza arimo guhuzwa hakurikijwe ISO 15118-20 (ibyerekezo bibiri na Plug & Charge), ikoreshwa rya NACS muri Amerika ya Ruguru, na MCS mu gushyushya amakamyo akomeye.
• Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ahantu hashobora kuzaza gisobanura kubaka bisi 1000 za V DC, ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n’amazi, n’amashanyarazi ya modular ashobora kwaguka akagera kuri megawatt.

Irushanwa ry'ingufu: Kuva kuri 400 V kugeza kuri 1000 V+ Platforms z'ibinyabiziga

Bateri ya buri modoka ifite voltage yihariye igena ingufu zisabwa kugira ngo isharishe. Kuri 400 V, gutanga 350 kW bisaba hafi 875 A - umuriro utanga ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ingufu. Kuri 800 V, ingufu zimwe zikenera gusa ~440 A, naho kuri 1000 V ~350 A. Iyi mibare niyo mpamvu hafi buri OEM ikomeye yatangije platforme za 800 V hagati ya 2021 na 2025 (hamwe n'imiterere myinshi ya 900–1000 V), kandi impamvu ibikorwa remezo byo sharija bigomba guhuza: sharija ya 400 V igeza ku modoka ya 800 V igabanya cyangwa igasaba guhindura DC-DC, bigatuma umuvuduko n'imikorere bigabanuka.

Ku bakora umushinga w’ikoranabuhanga, icyo bisobanuye ni uko hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho bishya bya V 1000 uhereye ku munsi wa mbere. Imashini zitanga amashanyarazi za V 1000 zikorera imodoka zose zivanze - V 400, V 800, na V 1000 - binyuze mu guhuza ingufu z’amashanyarazi hakurikijwe ISO 15118, mu gihe ibikoresho 500 bya V-graded grade bihagarara uko imodoka zigenda zizamuka.

Impamvu BESS ifite ingufu nyinshi ihindura imiterere y'urubuga

Bisi ya BESS ifite voltage nyinshi si batiri nini gusa; ihindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi y'aho hantu. Ahantu hasanzwe hahindura ingufu za AC grid DC kuri charger, bigatakaza 3-6% kuri buri conversion kandi bigashyira umutwaro kuri grid. Mu gishushanyo cya DC gifite voltage nyinshi, bateri n'imirasire y'izuba bitanga bisi ya V DC ya 1000 ihuriweho, kandi charger zikurura DC mu buryo butaziguye - bikuraho ibyiciro bibiri byuzuye byo conversion (AC-DC ku ruhande rw'izuba n'inzira ya grid-to-charger). Umusaruro wapimwe ni imikorere myiza ya 92-95% ugereranije na 85-90% kuri equivalents za AC, hamwe n'ingano ya transformer na switchgear igabanuka ku ngufu zimwe zitangwa.

Bisi zifite amashanyarazi menshi kandi zigabanya amashanyarazi ndetse zigatakaza igihombo bitewe n’amashanyarazi. Bisi ya 1500 V DC ifite ingufu zingana na ebyiri kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy’amashanyarazi ya bisi ya 1000 V, bigatuma insinga ndende zigenda hagati y’amabati ya bateri akwirakwijwe n’amasharubu - inyungu ikomeye ku mihanda minini aho amabati ya bateri ari muri metero 50-100 uvuye ku mabati yo gusarurira. Iyi niyo mpamvu BESS yo mu bwoko bwa 1500 V irimo kuba isanzwe mu bubiko buri mu masanduku, kandi niyo mpamvu hejuru y’ibicuruzwa bya MIDA - [split-type DC fast charger systems] (https://www.midapower.com/400kw-500kw-split-dc-charging-systems-ccs-gbt-ev-charger-station-super-charger-pile-product/) kuva kuri 360 kW kugeza kuri 1680 kW - ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi ya DC mu kwagura ingufu idakuba umugozi w’insinga.

Imiterere ya DC-Coupled: Kugabanya igihombo ku isoko

Guhuza DC bivuze urutonde rwa photovoltaic (niba ruhari), bateri, na chargers byose bihuzwa na DC bus isanzwe, hamwe na converter imwe ya AC-DC ifatanye na grid icunga ihererekanya ry'urubuga hamwe n'iyi porogaramu. Ubu buryo butanga inyungu eshatu zivanze:

1. Ikoreshwa ry'izuba ryinshi cyane.Ingufu za PV zijya mu buryo butaziguye kuri batiri cyangwa ku modoka nta guhinduranya hagati, bityo sitasiyo zo kubikamo imirasire y'izuba zidafite amashanyarazi zikora neza, zigatanga ingufu zirenga 95% by'ingufu zitangwa mu kazi k'ingirakamaro. 2.Amafaranga make yo gusaba.Bateri ikoresha AC yoroshya ubwinjirize bw'aho hantu, maze DC bisi ikagabanya ubusumbane buri hagati y'ikoreshwa ry'izuba, imiterere ya bateri, n'umutwaro wo gusharija. 3.Ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu ryoroheje.Ibyiciro bike byo guhindura amashanyarazi bivuze ko hari aho gutsindwa guke, konjesha guke, ndetse n'aho ikilowati imwe yashyizwemo ari nto.

MIDA's [ahantu ho gushyushya ingufu zivanze] (https://www.midapower.com/energy-storage-charging-station) — kuva kuri [200 kWh/120 kW off-grid solar MPPT units] (https://www.midapower.com/200kwh-120kw-mobile-ev-charger-off-grid-solar-mppt-dc-fast-charging-station-product/) kugeza kuri [482 kWh/320 kW] (https://www.midapower.com/320kw-482kwh-bess-charger-mobile-ev-charging-station-energy-storage-system-product/) na 625 kWh/400 kW — bishyira mu bikorwa neza iyi topology ya DC-coupled. Ingufu z'izuba za MPPT na bateri bisangira DC bus n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, niyo mpamvu izi sisitemu zishobora gukora neza hanze ya grid mugihe zitanga umusaruro wose wo gushyushya vuba.

Gukonjesha amazi: Uburyo bwo gushyushya Megawatt-Class

Ubucucike bw'ubu ni urukuta rufatika ruhuzwa no gusharija ingufu nyinshi. Ibihuza n'insinga bikonjeshwa n'umwuka bigarukira kuri 250–350 A mbere yuko ubushyuhe n'uburemere bw'insinga bitagenzurwa; hejuru y'ibyo, ihuriro rigera ku mupaka w'ubushyuhe mu minota mike kandi rigomba gutandukana. Gukonjesha amazi bihindura ikigereranyo binyuze mu kuzenguruka igikoresho gikonjesha mu ikoti ry'insinga n'umubiri w'ihuriro, bikuraho ubushyuhe aho isoko rituruka. Sisitemu zo gusharija amazi zikonjeshwa zigumana 500–600 A buri gihe, hamwe n'ibihuza MCS byibanda kuri 1250 A.

Ingaruka ku gishushanyo mbonera cya sitasiyo ni imiterere:

• Ingufu nyinshi zirambye nta gushinyagurira.Sitasiyo ikonjeshwa n'amazi ya 600–1080 kW ishobora gutanga ingufu zose mu bihe bikurikirana mu bushyuhe bw'impeshyi, aho ingano ingana n'iyo ikonjeshwa n'umwuka igabanukaho 20–40%.
• Insinga zoroshye kandi zoroshye.Insinga ikonjeshwa n'amazi ipima hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingano ikonjeshwa n'umwuka ku rugero rumwe, irushaho kunoza imikorere y'abashoferi - ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gutwara imodoka mu modoka zikoreshwa buri munsi no mu mihanda minini.
• Modules z'amashanyarazi zikonjeshejwe n'amazi.Moduli za converter ubwazo (zo mu bwoko bwa 40–125 kW) zikonjeshwa n'amazi, bigatuma habaho ubucucike bwinshi bwa module nkuko utubati two mu bwoko bwa megawatt dukeneye. MIDA's 40 kW/60 kW/75 kW/125 kW [modules z'amashanyarazi zikonjeshwa n'amazi] (https://www.midapower.com/40kw-dc-bus-input-1000v-dc-dc-ev-charging-module-liquid-cooled-power-module-product/) zikoresha ingufu hejuru y'imashini zitanga umuriro.

Gukonjesha DC ifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’amazi ni byo bituma ahantu hashobora gukoreshwa ingufu zingana na 600 kW na 1 MW+ mu kabati kamwe, ari naho isoko riri kwerekeza kuko amakamyo ya 800 V n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi zigezweho ziza mu bwinshi.

Amahame Agena Imyaka Ikurikiraho

Ibyerekeye ahazaza hafite ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi birimo gushyirwa mu byiciro n'imiryango itatu isanzwe, kandi amabwiriza agenga amasoko agomba kubivugaho mu buryo bweruye:

Guhuza ISO 15118-20 na MCS ni ingenzi kuko bigena urwego rw'amakuru ku byiciro bya megawatt: kwemeza, gupima, no gukwirakwiza ingufu mu cyerekezo cy'ibiri biganirwaho mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa kugira ngo V2G yinjize amafaranga ndetse n'amakamyo menshi akoresha MW. Hagati aho, gukoresha NACS muri Amerika ya Ruguru bivuze ko connectors zigomba kuba ziteguye NACS ku bikoresho bishya bigamije Amerika, mu gihe CCS2 ikomeje kuba igikoresho cy'i Burayi - igice cy'akarere imiryango ikoresha charger nyinshi ikora idahinduye imiterere.

Ishusho y'ikoranabuhanga: Ibizaba bigeze mu 2028

Inzira kuva uyu munsi kugeza mu 2028 igaragara mu makarita y'inzira y'abacuruzi n'imirongo ngenderwaho isanzwe y'akazi:

Ingaruka ebyiri zikurikiraho mu igenamigambi. Iya mbere, ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi (transformers, switchgear, conduits) bigomba kuba bingana ku mato yo mu 2030, ntabwo ari ayo mu 2026 - switchgear ihenze cyane kuri 3-5× kuruta ubwinshi burenze urugero mu bwubatsi. Iya kabiri, ibikoresho bya bateri na charger bigomba gutoranywa mu miryango ya modular yemera modules zifite voltage nyinshi n'ivugurura rya liquid-cooled, bityo ububiko bw'aho n'amashanyarazi bihinduka hamwe n'mato aho gusimbuzwa.

Guhamya Ishoramari Ryawe mu Gihe Kizaza: Urutonde rw'Igenzura

Abakora porogaramu bashobora gufunga ahazaza hakoresha ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi bakoresheje ibyemezo bitanu bigena imiterere:

1. Shyira charger za V DC 1000(CCS2/NACS isanzwe ifite ibipimo bibiri cyangwa ijyanye n'isoko) ku hantu hose hashya abagenzi n'amato. 2.Hitamo DC-coupled BESShamwe na bisi ya DC ihuriweho yo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba, bateri, na chargers kugira ngo ibone inyungu yo gukoresha neza hagati ya 5–10%. 3.Amashanyarazi n'ibihuza byashyizweho n'amazi bikonjeshwa n'amaziahantu hose hafite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 300 kW kugira ngo hirindwe ko imvura yangirika mu mpeshyi. 4.Ibikorwaremezo by'impande z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi bwa 1.5–2×kugira ngo inyure megawati zivuguruye nta gusimbuza switchgear. 5.Hitamo urubuga rwa BESS rw'uburyo butandukanyeingufu za bisi n'amashanyarazi byazo bishobora kuvugururwa bikagera ku musaruro wa 1500 V na MCS-class.

Imiterere y'ejo hazaza yo gushyushya BESS DC ifite ingufu nyinshi ntabwo ari ukwibeshya; isanzwe irapimwa mu gutangiza platform z'imodoka, kohereza charger, n'imikorere isanzwe. Ahantu hakozwe uyu munsi kuri platform za 1000 V DC zihujwe, zikonjeshejwe n'amazi, niho hazaba hakiri ipiganwa muri 2030 - kandi niho hazaboneka inyungu muri serivisi za grid mu gihe andi masoko yose azaba yongeye kwiyubaka.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Gukoresha BESS DC ifite voltage nyinshi ni iki?Ni inyubako aho ububiko bwa bateri bukorera kuri bisi ya DC ifite voltage nyinshi (800–1500 V) ikoresha chargers za DC - akenshi zikoresha imirasire y'izuba ya DC - bigatuma charger ya 350 kW kuri megawati igabanuka kandi nta gihombo kinini cyo guhindura.

2. Kuki ingufu z'amashanyarazi z'imodoka ari ingenzi mu bikorwa remezo byo gusharija?Umuvuduko mwinshi w'imodoka (800 V/1000 V) utanga ingufu zimwe ku muvuduko muto w'amashanyarazi, bigabanya ubushyuhe n'igihombo; charger zigomba guhuza umuvuduko w'imodoka kugira ngo hirindwe ko imodoka yangirika cyangwa ngo ihinduke.

3. Ni iyihe nyungu y'imikorere myiza ya DC-coupled BESS?Guhuza DC bikuraho ibyiciro bibiri byo guhindura AC-DC, imikorere myiza ya sisitemu yo kuzamura kuva kuri 85-90% (AC-coupled) kugeza kuri 92-95% (DC-coupled).

4. Kuki gukonjesha amazi ari ngombwa kugira ngo umuntu ashyushye cyane?Gukonjesha umwuka hejuru ya ~300 kW ntibishobora kugumana umuriro binyuze mu nsinga n'ibihuza; gukonjesha amazi bikuraho ubushyuhe ku isoko, bigatuma 500–600 A isohoka idasibangana nta gusibangana.

5. MCS ni iki, kandi ni ryari izaba ifite akamaro?Sisitemu yo gusharija Megawatt (kugeza kuri 1250 A, 3.75 MW kuri buri gihembwe) ni yo ngamba ya CharIN/IEC yo gusharija amakamyo akomeye; ihindura inzira zo mu muhanda kuva kuri 350 kW kugera kuri megawatt nk'uko amakamyo y'amashanyarazi apima.

6. Ese nkwiye kugura 1000 V cyangwa 1500 V BESS uyu munsi?Ku mbuga nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya EV, sisitemu ya 1000 V ikorera indege zigezweho n'izisanzwe; abakora bateganya ibikorwa remezo birimo amakontena cyangwa amakamyo bagomba kugenzura inzira urubuga runyuramo kugira ngo rugere ku kuvugurura bisi za 1500 V.

7. Ese NACS cyangwa CCS2 bizaganza mu gihe kizaza?NACS ni yo ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika ku mbuga nshya zo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, mu gihe CCS2 ari yo iyoboye Uburayi; charger zisanzwe zishyigikira byombi, hamwe na ISO 15118-20, ni amahitamo yizewe ku bakoresha serivisi mpuzamahanga.