Gushyushya amashanyarazi yawe: ni gute sitasiyo zo gushyushya amashanyarazi zikora?

Gushyushya amashanyarazi yawe: ni gute sitasiyo zo gushyushya amashanyarazi zikora?

Ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) ni ingenzi mu gutunga imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zose ntizigira ikigega cya lisansi - aho kuzuza litiro za lisansi mu modoka yawe, ushyira imodoka yawe muri sitasiyo yayo yo gushyushya kugira ngo wongere lisansi. Umushoferi usanzwe wa EV akora 80 ku ijana by'imodoka ye yo gushyushya ari mu rugo. Dore ubuyobozi bwawe ku bwoko bwa sitasiyo zo gushyushya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, n'amafaranga ushobora kwitega kwishyura kugira ngo wongere lisansi mu modoka yawe.

Ubwoko bw'aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa amashanyarazi
Gushyira charger ku modoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ni inzira yoroshye: ushyira imodoka yawe muri charger ihujwe n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Ariko, si ahantu hose ho gushyushya charger (hazwi kandi nka electrical vehicle supply equipment, cyangwa EVSE) byaremwe bingana. Bimwe bishobora gushyirwaho ukoresheje plug isanzwe yo ku rukuta, mu gihe ibindi bisaba gushyirwaho byihariye. Igihe bifata kugirango ushyire charger ku modoka yawe nacyo kizatandukana bitewe na charger ukoresha.

Gutanga amashanyarazi ya EV ubusanzwe biri mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi: sitasiyo zo gushyushya ku rwego rwa 1, sitasiyo zo gushyushya ku rwego rwa 2, na DC Fast Chargers (zizwi kandi nka sitasiyo zo gushyushya ku rwego rwa 3).

Sitasiyo zo gusharija amashanyarazi zo ku rwego rwa 1
Shajara zo ku rwego rwa mbere zikoresha plug ya 120 V AC kandi zishobora gucomekwa mu mashini isanzwe. Bitandukanye n'izindi shajara, shajara zo ku rwego rwa mbere ntizisaba gushyirwaho ibindi bikoresho. Izi shajara zikunze gutanga ibirometero bibiri kugeza kuri bitanu ku isaha yo gucomekwa kandi zikunze gukoreshwa mu rugo.

Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1 ni zo zihendutse cyane za EVSE, ariko kandi zifata umwanya munini wo gushajara batiri y'imodoka yawe. Ba nyir'amazu bakoresha ubwo bwoko bw'ishajarara kugira ngo bashaje imodoka zabo mu ijoro ryose.

Abakora chargers zo mu bwoko bwa Level 1 EV barimo AeroVironment, Duosida, Leviton, na Orion.

Sitasiyo zo gusharija amashanyarazi zo ku rwego rwa 2
Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 2 zikoreshwa ku mashajara yo mu ngo ndetse no mu bucuruzi. Zikoresha pulaki ya 240 V (yo mu ngo) cyangwa 208 V (yo mu bucuruzi), kandi bitandukanye na shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1, ntizishobora gucomekwa mu mwobo usanzwe wo ku rukuta. Ahubwo, akenshi zishyirwaho n'umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi. Zishobora kandi gushyirwaho nk'igice cya sisitemu y'imirasire y'izuba.

Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zo mu rwego rwa 2 zitanga amashanyarazi kuva ku birometero 10 kugeza kuri 60 ku isaha. Zishobora gusharija batiri y'imodoka y'amashanyarazi mu masaha abiri gusa, bigatuma ziba amahitamo meza haba ku ba nyir'amazu bakeneye gusharija byihuse ndetse n'ibigo byifuza gutanga ahantu ho gusharija abakiriya.

Inganda nyinshi zikora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, nka Nissan, zifite ibikoresho byazo byo gusharija byo ku rwego rwa 2. Izindi nganda zikora EVSE zo ku rwego rwa 2 zirimo ClipperCreek, Chargepoint, JuiceBox, na Siemens.

DC Fast Chargers (zizwi kandi nka Level 3 cyangwa CHAdeMO EV charger stations)
DC Fast Chargers, izwi kandi nka Level 3 cyangwa CHAdeMO charging stations, ishobora gutanga intera iri hagati ya kilometero 60 na 100 ku modoka yawe ikoresha amashanyarazi mu minota 20 gusa yo gusana. Ariko, ubusanzwe zikoreshwa gusa mu bucuruzi no mu nganda - zikenera ibikoresho byihariye kandi bifite ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo zishyirweho kandi zibungabungwe.

Si imodoka zose zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora kwishyuzwa hakoreshejwe DC Fast Chargers. Imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi zidafite ubwo bushobozi bwo kwishyuza, kandi zimwe mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zidashobora kwishyuzwa hakoreshejwe DC Fast Charger. Mitsubishi "i" na Nissan Leaf ni ingero ebyiri z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha DC Fast Charger.

Bite se kuri Tesla Superchargers?
Kimwe mu bintu bikomeye bigurishwa ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi za Tesla ni ukuboneka kwa "Superchargers" zikwirakwiriye hirya no hino muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Izi sitasiyo zishyushya vuba cyane zishobora gushyushya bateri ya Tesla mu minota 30 kandi zigashyirwa ku mugabane wa Amerika. Ariko, Tesla Superchargers zagenewe gusa imodoka za Tesla, bivuze ko niba ufite imodoka ya EV itari iya Tesla, imodoka yawe ntishobora guhuza na sitasiyo za Supercharger. Ba nyiri Tesla bahabwa kWh 400 z'ubuntu za Supercharger buri mwaka, zihagije kugira ngo ugende ibirometero bigera ku 1,000.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa: Ese imodoka yanjye ikoresha amashanyarazi ikeneye sitasiyo yihariye yo gusharija?
Si ngombwa. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'aho gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, hamwe n'uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gucomeka mu mwobo usanzwe wo ku rukuta. Ariko, niba ushaka gusharija imodoka yawe vuba, ushobora kandi gusaba umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi gushyira aho gusharija iwawe.