Maitiro Emagetsi Akakwira: Kuchaja kweDC Kunopinda Munguva ye1000V

musoro wenyaya: “Maitiro Emagetsi Akanyanya: Kuchaja kweDC Kwapinda Munguva ye1000V” slug: “magadzirirwo-e-high-voltage-trend-dc-charging-1000v-era” meta_description: “Nei 1000V iriyo nzira itsva yekuchaja nekukurumidza kweDC: mapuratifomu emotokari e800V/900V, IEC 61851-23:2023 kutevedzera mitemo, mamodule emagetsi eSiC, kutarisa kwekudzivirira uye zviteshi zve600kW+ zvakatonhodzwa nemvura zvakatsanangurwa.” mazwi akakosha: ["1000V DC kuchaja nekukurumidza", "800V EV kuchaja", "IEC 61851-23:2023", "SiC power module", "kutarisa kwekudzivirira", "nzvimbo yekuchaja yakatonhodzwa nemvura", "HPC kuchaja"]

Nhanganyaya

Bhazi re1000V DC rave iro rave hunyanzvi hwekuchaja mota dzemagetsi dzechizvarwa chinotevera: panosvika 2026, chiteshi chega chega chekuchaja chine simba guru (HPC) chakagadzirwa kuti chikwanise kuburitsa simba re350kW zvichikwira chinenge chakavakwa chinokwana 1000V, uye chakagadziridzwa.IEC 61851-23:2023standard ikozvino inoronga zvinodiwa zveinjiniya — kutarisa insulation, kuchengetedzeka kwekutonhodza mvura, uye kutamiswa kwesimba remagetsi — zvinoita kuti voltage iyi ishanduke yakachengeteka, inoshanda, uye ishande pamwe chete. Chinokonzeresa chiri kudivi remotokari: mushure mePorsche's 800V Taycan muna 2019 uye Hyundai's E-GMP platform muna 2021, ruzhinji rwemaEV matsva ekure-kure akatangwa kubva muna 2024 — kubva pakugadzira kwaLucid kwe900V+ kusvika kumamodheru akawanda e800V kubva kuAsia neWestern OEMs — ikozvino inochaja pa800V kana kupfuura. Chaja yakavharirwa kukugadzira kwe400V haigone kuvhura peak charging curve yavo, zvinoreva kunonoka kwemagetsi, mitsara yakareba, uye mari yakamiswa kune vanoshanda.

Kukwidza voltage yebhasi reDC hakusi nzira yekugadzirisa zvakanyanya; ndiyo chete nzira inochengetedza hupfumi yekuwedzera simba rekuchaja kupfuura 350kW. Nekuti simba rinoenzana nevoltage yakawedzerwa nemagetsi (P = V × I), sisitimu ye1000V inopa600kW pa600A chete, nepo sisitimu ye400V yaizoda 1,500A kuti iwane mhedzisiro yakafanana - mwero wezvino unodarika miganhu yehuremu hwetambo inoshanda, ma connector thermals, uye grid-side conductor economics. CPO wese akakomba, mutyairi wemigwagwa, uye maneja wezvikepe ari kuongorora zvivakwa zvitsva muna 2026 saka ari kubvunza mubvunzo mumwe chete: chiteshi changu chinotevera chagadzirira 1000V here? Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura fizikisi, standard, uye tekinoroji yechikamu (SiC modules, insulation monitoring, liquid cooling) zvinoita kuti 1000V era ishande zvakanaka mukutengeserana - uye kuti portfolio yekuchaja yeMIDA ye150V–1000V inodzivirira sei mari yekudyara mune ramangwana.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• 1000V ndiyo denga idzva reDC fast charging economics.Pakuyera tambo ye600A imwe chete, bhazi re1000V rinopa simba re600kW zvichienzaniswa ne240kW pa400V — simba remagetsi rinodarika 2.5× rine miganhu yakafanana yekupisa.
• Voltage, kwete current, ndiyo inokwevera scaling lever.Kupeta kaviri voltage yebhazi kunopa hafu yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi akafanana, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwetambo yeI²R neinenge 75% uye zvinobvisa kudiwa kwetambo dzinorema zvikuru dze1,000A+.
• Machaja anoburitsa simba rakafara (150V–1000V) anodiwa kuti ngarava dzishande zvakanaka.Chiteshi chimwe chete chinokwanisa 1000V chinoshanda nemotokari dzekare dze400V nemapuratifomu matsva e800V/900V zvakafanana, zvichidzivirira mari yeCPO yemidziyo sezvo ngarava dzichichinja.
• IEC 61851-23:2023 inoita kuti kushanda kwe1000V kuve nyaya yekutevedzera mitemo.Chinyorwa chegore ra2023 chinoda kuti munhu azviedze ega kuti adzivirirwe ne insulation, azviedze ne dynamic response, achengetedzeke pakutonhodza mvura zvichienderana ne IEC 62196-3:2022 kune masisitimu e350kW+, uye anodzivirira kukwira kwezvitsuwa kuti zvishande munzira mbiri (BPT/V2G).
• SiC power modules ndiyo injini inoshanda zvakanaka yekuchaja 1000V.Mamodule akavakirwa paSilicon-carbide MOSFET anochengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchinja magetsi kupfuura 96.5%, zvichiita kuti voltage ikwidziridzwe zvakananga kuita kurasikirwa kwesimba kushoma uye kuderedza mari yese yekuva muridzi (TCO).
• Kutarisa kuvharwa kwemhepo ndiyo musimboti wekuchengetedza we1000V system.Kuona kudzivirira kupinza kwemagetsi kwechikamu chemamiriyoni maviri pakati pebhazi reDC nepasi chinhu chinodiwa kuti uzviedze wega - kwete chimwe chinhu chingasarudzwa - pasi pemutemo wakagadziridzwa.
• MIDA yakagadzirira kugadzira 1000V yakasimbiswa kuti ibudiswe.Mamodule emagetsi anotonhorerwa nemvura (40–125kW), maconnector anotonhorerwa nemvura e600A/1000V, uye mastations ane simba kubva pa360kW kusvika pa1,680kW ane simba re150V–1000V anovhara zvese zvinodiwa pakuisa HPC.

Kunyura Kwakadzika: Uinjiniya Huri Kuseri Kwenguva ye1000V

1. Sei 1000V? Fizikisi Yekuchaja Nekumhanya Kwakanyanya

Nyaya yekuchaja kwemagetsi ane simba rakawanda inoderera kusvika pa equation imwe chete:P = V × I.Chaja ye400V ine simba re350kW inofanira kugara nemagetsi eDC angangoita 875A — chiratidzo chinomanikidza tambo dzakatonhodzwa nemvura, zvinobatanidza zvemhando yepamusoro, uye kutonga kwakanyanya kwekupisa munzira yese yemagetsi.Chaja ye1000V ine simba re350kW rakafanana pa350A chete, uye inosvika 600kW pa600A, inova ndiyo chaiyo chiyero chechizvarwa chemazuva ano chezvinobatanidza zvine simba remvura zvakatonhodzwa nemvura. Muchidimbu, kukwidza voltage yebhazi kunowedzera kugona kwechiteshi pasina kuwedzera saizi chaiyo, huremu, kana kupisa kwemidziyo yekuchaja.

Kudzikiswa kwekurasikirwa kwacho kwakakoshawo. Kurasikirwa kwetambo neconductor kunoenderana ne square of current (I²R), saka kupa simba re500kW pa1000V (500A) kunoburitsa zvinhu zvinengechikamu chimwe muzvina chekupisa kwemuchinayekupa simba re500kW rimwechete pa500V (1,000A). Mukati mechiteshi chinoshanda maawa gumi kusvika gumi nemana pazuva, mutsauko iwoyo unobatanidzwa mukuchengetedza magetsi zvine musoro, ma transformer madiki ekukwira, uye mitengo yakaderera yekubatanidza grid - zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru mumutengo wese wekuva muridzi wenzvimbo.

Rutivi rwemotokari rwatovapo. Magadzirirwo emabhatiri e800V achinja kubva pamhando yepamusoro kuenda kumusika mukuru: Puratifomu yeHyundai yeE-GMP (Ioniq 5/6, EV6) inochaja 10-80% mumaminitsi angangoita gumi nemasere pamidziyo ye350kW, Tesla's Cybertruck yakaunza dhizaini ye800V kuNACS ecosystem, uye Lucid yakasimudzira voltage yesystem kupfuura 900V. Makambani ekugadzira mota ekuChina akaita kuti 800V ive chinhu chakajairwa muzvikamu zvepakati kubva muna 2023, uye NACS specification pachayo inotsigira DC charging inosvika 1000V. Kufanotaura kwemaindasitiri kunoratidza nguva dzose kuti 800V+ share yekutengesa itsva yeBEV iri kukwira muhafu yechipiri yegumi rino, zvinoreva kuti network dzekuchaja dzisingakwanise kupa 800-1000V output dzichawedzera kudzvinyirira mota dzinonyanya kukosha pakushandisa.

Kune vanofambisa, nyaya yekutengeserana ndeye throughput. Chiteshi chine simba re1000V chine simba rekugovanisa pfuti mbiri chinogona kushandira 800V EV nesimba rakazara ukuwo panguva imwe chete chichiwedzera tekisi ye400V pamagetsi emagetsi akaderera - kushandura kabhineti imwe yemagetsi kuita nzira mbiri dzekuwana mari. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chiri kutungamirira.Nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzinotonhorera nemvura dzinokurumidza kukwira ne1000Vzvakagadzirwa ne 150V–1000V wide output ranges uye dynamic power allocation pane fixed voltage rails.

2. SiC Power Modules uye Kugadzirwa kweThermal kwe1000V Chargers

Chinhu chinoita kuti 1000V ishande mukati mekabhineti ndichomodule yesimba resilicon-carbide (SiC)Zvichienzaniswa nesilicon IGBTs dzemazuva ano, SiC MOSFETs dzinochinja pamafrequencies akakwira uye dzinoderedza zvakanyanya kudonha kwemagetsi nekuchinja, dzinotsungirira tembiricha yejunction kusvika 200°C, uye dzinochengetedza kushanda zvakanaka pahwindo rekubudisa re150V–1000V. Mhedzisiro padanho resystem ndeyekushanda kwepamusoro-soro kwekushandura.96.5% pakutakura kwakazara— nhamba inoderedza zvakananga bhiri remagetsi remushandisi uye kupisa kunofanira kurambwa nekabhineti.

Dhizaini yedanho remodule ndiyo inohwinwa kana kurasika claim ye1000V. Chiteshi chine 360kW chinowanzo batanidza mamodule gumi nemaviri e30kW kana mamodule matanhatu e60kW ari kumashure kwe shared controller, ne DC-DC topology dzinodzora 1000V input bus kusvika pavoltage chaiyo inodiwa nemota panguva yekukwazisana. MIDA'smamodule emagetsi ekuchaja eEV akatonhorerwa nemvuraMayunitsi anotonhodzwa nemhepo anosvika 20kW–60kW, mayunitsi anotonhodzwa nemvura anokwana 40kW–125kW emakabati ane simba guru, uye mayunitsi anokwana 30kW–62.5kW maviri-divi rimwe chete enzvimbo dzakagadzirira V2G. Mhando dze1000V DC-DC dzakagadzirirwa zvakananga magadzirirwo emabhazi ane simba guru, ane magadzirirwo akasiyana, asingapindi guruva anochengetedza magetsi kubva kunharaunda.

Kutarisirwa kwekupisa kunoparadzanisa zvishandiso zvemhando yepamusoro kubva kune zvinochaja zvemhando yepamusoro. Pa600A continuous output, sisitimu ye1000V inofanira kuramba makilowatts akati wandei ekupisa kubva kutambo, zvinobatanidza, uye mamodule panguva imwe chete:

• Mamodule emagetsi anotonhorerwa nemvuraNzira yekutonhodza inopfuudza nepakati pemaplate akatsaurirwa, ichichengetedza tembiricha yejunction yakagadzikana kana mutoro wacho wakakwira zvakanyanya. Mamodule eMIDA eIP65-rated akazvimirira air-duct anodzivirirawo guruva, hunyoro, uye munyu kuti zvisabatane nebhodhi redunhu, zvichiita kuti MTTF ipfuure maawa 500,000 uye inobvisa kutumirwa kwekuchengetedza kwekudzivirira.
• Tambo netambo dzinotonhorera nemvurazvinosungirwa kupfuura 350A nguva dzose. MIDA'sZvisungo zvekuchaja zve600A zvakatonhodzwa nemvura zvakayerwa 1000Vinotenderedza chinotonhodza nepajaketi retambo nemusoro wekubatanidza, ichichengetedza huremu hwemubato huchigadziriswa uye tembiricha ichikwira mukati memiganhu yeIEC 62196-3:2022 kunyangwe panguva dzemapurogiramu e600kW akatevedzana.
• Kurambwa kwekupisa kwemazinga ehurongwainotevera pfungwa huru: mamodule anonyangarika zvakanaka chete kana masensa ekupisa kwemukati akataura kuti akawandisa, zvichichengetedza nguva yekushanda pane kugumburwa.

Uku ndiko kuvaka kuri shure kwechizvarwa chemazuva ano cheZviteshi zveHPC zve350kW zvine zvinobatanidza zvinotonhorera mumvura, uye inokura zvakatsetseka: puratifomu imwecheteyo, inotonhorerwa nemvura inosvika 600kW–1,080kW nzvimbo dzinotonhorerwa nemvura uye makabati emhando dzakasiyana-siyana e360kW–1,680kW emakoridho emota nezvikepe.

3. IEC 61851-23:2023, Kutarisa Kudzivirira Kuvharwa Kwemhepo, uye Kuenderana Kwemotokari

Kugadziriswazve kwa2023 kweIEC 61851-23ndiyo nzira yekutevedzera mitemo yekuchaja ine simba guru. Apo shanduro yekare yainyatso tonga michina yemhando ye750V, shanduro ya2023 yakanyorwa yenguva ye1000V uye ikozvino ine nhanho nhatu dzeinjiniya:

1. Rutsigiro rwesisitimu ye1000V+.Midziyo yekuchaja yeDC inofanirwa kufukidza zvakachengeteka mapuratifomu emagetsi ane simba repamusoro echizvarwa chinotevera, nekutarisa kwekudzivirira (IMD) kunoita kutikuzviedza nesimba uye kupindura zvine simba— kuyera kudzivirira kuvharwa kwemagetsi pakati pebhazi reDC nenyika inodzivirira panguva chaiyo uye kuvhura macontactor mukati memamirisekonzi kana paine chikanganiso chakaonekwa. Ichi chinhu chakaoma, kwete chinhu chekusarudza, nekuti bhazi re1000V rine simba guru rekuvhunduka uye arc-flash kupfuura michina yekare ye400V.
2. Kuchengetedzwa kwekutonhodza kwemvura zvichienderana neIEC 62196-3:2022.Kune masisitimu e350kW+, chiyero ichi chinoda kutariswa kwakasimba kwelupu inotonhodza mvura — kumanikidzwa, kuyerera, uye kukwira kwetembiricha — nekudzima otomatiki kana kudzima kana lupu yacho yaparara. Kunzwa tembiricha yekubatanidza netambo kwakabatanidzwa kuitira kuti tambo inokundikana isanyungudike kana kutenderera controller isati yapindira.
3. Zvinodiwa zvekufambisa simba nenzira mbiri (BPT).Zviteshi zvinotsigira V2G/V2H zvinofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakuchengetedzwa kwekubatanidza grid uyekurwisa zvitsuwa, zvichiita kuti simba rinodzosera simba kugrid ribve zvakanaka panguva yekudzimwa kwemagetsi. Maitiro anotevera ISO 15118-20:2022 yePlug & Charge uye kutaurirana kwemativi maviri, pamwe chete neDIN 70121 yezvikamu zveCCS.

Kutarisa kwekudzivirira kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanyanekuti ndiwo musiyano uripo pakati pechiteshi che1000V chakagadzirwa zvakanaka nemhosva. Mukushanda kwakajairika, bhasi reDC rinoparadzaniswa nepasi; kukanganisa kumwe chete kwekudzivirira - kubva mukupinda kwemhepo inotonhorera, kupwanyika kwetambo, kana hunyoro hwekubatanidza - kunogadzira nzira yemagetsi inogona kusimbisa chassis yemotokari kana nzvimbo yakavharirwa. IMD inoenderana nemutemo inogara ichiyera kudzivirira kudziya, inozviongorora yega pese painobatidzwa magetsi, uye inosangana nemutungamiriri wechiteshi kuti imise chikamu zvakachengeteka. Pamwe chete nekudzivirira kwemagetsi kweType A + 6mA DC uye maitiro ekuisira (kudzivirira pasi pasi pe4Ω, mabreaker ekukwira akaongororwa pa1.2× kana kupfuura esimba rechiteshi, uye kuwedzera saizi yetambo kana kugoverwa kwemagetsi kuchipfuura mamita mazana matatu), chiteshi che1000V chakagadzirwa kuti chisashande zvakanaka.

Kuenderana kwemotokari ndiyo mbiru yekupedzisira, uye yakakura kupfuura voltage.Chiteshi che1000V chinofanira kutaura nemotokari dzese kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa mota: CP/PP analog handshake, digital handshake (ISO 15118 kana DIN 70121), uye network layer (OCPP 1.6J kana 2.0.1) inobatanidza chiteshi neCPO's backend. Kufukidza connector kwakakoshawo — CCS1 yeNorth America, CCS2 yeEurope nenzvimbo zhinji dzeAsia, NACS yeTesla ecosystem, CHAdeMO yemotokari dzekare dzeJapan, uye GBT yemusika wemuno weChina. Zviteshi zveMIDA zvinouya nehurongwa hwekubatanidza hunogona kuchinjwa uye huwandu hwehurongwa hwese, saka kabhineti imwe chete ye150V–1000V inogona kushandira mota dzakasiyana dze400V, 800V, uye 900V zvisinei nemazinga edunhu. Nguva yemagetsi akakwira inoenderanawo nekuchengetedza simba: kubatanidza charger ye1000V neBESS buffers peak demand charges, ndosaka yakabatanidzwa.Mhinduro dzekuchaja dzeESSdziri kuramba dzichiunganidzwa munzvimbo dzemigwagwa mikuru nenzvimbo dzezvikepe.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

1. Ko charger ye1000V DC inongokuvadza 400V EV yangu here?

Kwete. Chiteshi che1000V chinoenderana nezvinodiwa chinoshanda pahwindo rakakura re150V–1000V uye chinogadzirisa voltage chaiyo yekuchaja nemotokari panguva yekukwazisana, saka mota ye400V inogamuchira session ye400V-level. Mamodule emagetsi echiteshi anodzora kuburitsa simba kuti aenderane nechikumbiro chemotokari; chiyero che1000V chinongotsanangura denga repamusoro, kwete voltage yechikamu.

2. Mota ye800V inochaja nekukurumidza zvakadii pachiteshi che1000V?

800V EV inochaja nekukurumidza zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura bhatiri rimwe chete pa hardware ye400V, uye chiteshi chinokwanisa 1000V chinoita kuti chigare nesimba kwenguva refu. Kazhinji, paki ye100kWh pa 800V architecture inopedza chikamu che10–80% mumaminitsi 16–20 pa unit ye350kW, uye mumaminitsi angangoita 9–12 pa unit ye600kW-class — zvichienzaniswa nemaminitsi 35–45 pa charger ye400V, 150kW.

3. Chii chinodiwa neIEC 61851-23:2023 pazviteshi zvekuchaja zve1000V?

Chinyorwa chegore ra2023 chinopa simba rekushandisa 1000V+, kutarisa insulation ne power-on self-test uye dynamic fault response, kuchengetedzeka kwe liquid-cooling loop (kutarisa kumanikidzwa, kuyerera, uye tembiricha) zvichienderana neIEC 62196-3:2022 kune masisitimu ane simba guru, uye mitemo yekurwisa zvitsuwa yekushanda kwenzira mbiri (BPT/V2G). Chero chiteshi chitsva cheHPC chakanangana nemusika weEurope chinofanira kusimbiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa izvi.

4. Sei maSiC power modules akakosha pakuchaja 1000V?

MaSiC MOSFET anochinja nekukurumidza uye anorasikirwa nesimba shoma pane silicon IGBTs pamagetsi akakwira, zvichiita kuti kushanduka kwepamusoro kushande kupfuura 96.5% pahuwandu hwe150V–1000V. Kushanda kwakanyanya kunoreva kupisa kushoma kunobviswa, masisitimu ekutonhodza madiki uye akanyarara, uye kurasikirwa nemagetsi kushoma - izvo zvinovandudza zvakananga TCO yechiteshi mukati memakore gumi ekushanda.

5. Ko kutonhora kwemvura kunosungirwa here pakuchaja nzvimbo dzinopfuura 350kW?

Ehe, zvinobudirira. Mafungu anoenderera mberi ari pamusoro pe350A anogadzira kupisa uko tambo dzinotonhodzwa nemhepo uye zvinobatanidza zvisingakwanise kurambwa mukati memiganhu yekupisa kwekubatanidza, uye IEC 62196-3:2022 inoda kutariswa kwakasimba kwelupu yekutonhodza kwemvura iri pamagetsi akakwira. Mamodule emagetsi anotonhodzwa nemvura uye tambo ndidzo dzinochengetedza chiteshi che600kW chakasimba, chakavimbika, uye chakachengeteka pasi pezvikamu zvinorema zvakatevedzana.

6. Kutarisa kwekudzivirira kunodzivirira sei sisitimu yekuchaja ye1000V?

Kutarisa kwekudzivirira kupisa kunogara kuchiyera kuramba kwekudzivirira kupisa pakati pebhazi reDC nepasi uye kunoita bvunzo yega yega pakubata magetsi. Kana paine zvikanganiso — kubva pakupinda kwemvura inotonhorera, kukuvara kwetambo, kana hunyoro muconnector — chikamu chekutarisa chinozviona mumamilisekonzi uye chinorayira chiteshi kuti chivhure macontactor, zvichidzivirira simba rechassis uye zviitiko zvearc pabhazi re1000V uko simba rekutadza rakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura pa400V.

7. Chiteshi chimwe che1000V chinogona kushanda pamatanho ese ekubatanidza uye zvizvarwa zvemotokari here?

Ehe. Chiteshi chimwe chete che1000V chinogona kunge chine CCS1, CCS2, NACS, CHAdeMO, kana GBT connectors uye chinotsigira mota dzekare dze400V uye mapuratifomu e800V/900V kuburikidza nehuwandu hwayo hwakakura hwekuburitsa uye protocol stack (ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, DIN 70121, OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1). Kuenderana uku ndiko kwakanyanya kuita kuti makabati e150V–1000V wide-output ave iwo magadzirirwo anokurudzirwa eCPOs anochengetedza network dzavo mune ramangwana.