Te Auahatanga o te Ngaohiko Teitei: Ka Tae te Utu DC ki te Wā 1000V

taitara: “Te Auahatanga Ngaohiko Teitei: Ka Tomo te Utu DC ki te Wā 1000V” slug: “te-auahatanga-ngaohiko-teitei-te-utu-dc-1000v-era” meta_description: “He aha te 1000V te paerewa hou mō te utu tere DC: ngā papaaho waka 800V/900V, te tutuki i te IEC 61851-23:2023, ngā kōwae hiko SiC, te aroturuki i te whakamahana me te whakamārama i ngā teihana 600kW+ kua whakamatao-wai.” kupumatua: ["Utu tere DC 1000V", "Utu EV 800V", "IEC 61851-23:2023", "Kōwae hiko SiC", "aroturuki whakamahana", "teihana utu kua whakamatao-wai", "Utu HPC"]

Kupu Whakataki

Kua noho te pahi 1000V DC hei hoahoa matua mō te utu waka hiko o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei: i te tau 2026, ko ia teihana utu mana-teitei (HPC) i hangaia mō te 350kW me runga ake ka hangaia kia rite ki te kaha putanga 1000V, ā, ko te mea kua whakahoutiaIEC 61851-23:2023Ko te paerewa inaianei e whakapūmau ana i ngā whakaritenga hangarau — te aroturuki i te whakamarumaru, te haumaru whakamatao wai, me te whakawhiti hiko e rua ngā taha — e hanga ana i tēnei nekehanga ngaohiko kia haumaru, kia whai hua, kia taea ai te mahi tahi. Kei te taha waka te take: whai muri i te 800V Taycan a Porsche i te tau 2019 me te tūāpapa E-GMP a Hyundai i te tau 2021, ko te nuinga o ngā EV tawhiti hou i whakarewahia mai i te tau 2024 — mai i te hoahoa 900V+ a Lucid ki ngā tauira 800V maha mai i ngā OEM Āhia me te Hauāuru — inaianei ka utua ā-taketake i runga i te 800V, teitei ake rānei. Kāore e taea e te rihi e mau ana ki te hoahoa 400V te iriti i tana pihi utu tihi, ko te tikanga he puhoi ake te tuku, he roa ake ngā rarangi, me te pūtea kua mau mō ngā kaiwhakahaere.

Ehara te whakapiki i te ngaohiko pahi DC i te whakapai ake iti noa iho; koinei anake te huarahi pumau ā-ōhanga hei pana i te mana utu ki tua atu i te 350kW. Nā te mea he rite te mana ki te ngaohiko whakareatia ki te iahiko (P = V × I), ka tukuna e te pūnaha 1000V600kW i te 600A anake, engari ko te pūnaha 400V e hiahia ana ki te 1,500A mō te hua kotahi - he taumata o nāianei e neke atu ana i ngā rohe ā-tinana o te taumaha taura mahi, ngā wera hononga, me ngā ōhanga arataki taha-pūnaha. Nō reira, ko ngā CPO nui katoa, ngā kaiwhakahaere huarahi, me ngā kaiwhakahaere waka e arotake ana i ngā hanganga hou i te tau 2026 kei te pātai i te pātai kotahi: kua rite taku teihana e whai ake nei ki te 1000V? E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i te ahupūngao, te paerewa, me te hangarau taumata-wāhanga (ngā kōwae SiC, te aroturuki i te whakamarumaru, te whakamatao wai) e whai hua ai te wā 1000V ki te hokohoko - me pēhea te putea utu 150V–1000V a MIDA e whakapūmau ana i te haumi ā-mua.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ko te 1000V te tuanui hou mō te ōhanga utu tere DC.I te whakatauranga taura 600A ōrite, ka tukuna e te pahi 1000V te 600kW ki te 240kW i te 400V — neke atu i te 2.5× te kaha whakawhiti me ngā here wera ōrite.
• Ko te ngaohiko te taputapu whakatauine, ehara i te iahiko.Mā te whakarea rua i te ngaohiko pahi ka haurua te iahiko mō te mana kotahi, ka tapahia ngā mate taura I²R mā te 75% pea, ā, ka kore e hiahiatia he taura taumaha rawa atu 1,000A+.
• Me whakamahi ngā rihi whānui-putanga (150V–1000V) kia hototahi ai ki te kahui waka.Ka whakamahia e te teihana kotahi e kaha ana ki te 1000V ngā waka tawhito 400V me ngā tūāpapa hou 800V/900V, hei tiaki i te haumitanga taputapu a te CPO i te whakawhiti i te ranunga waka.
• E ai ki te IEC 61851-23:2023, he mea e tika ana kia tutukihia te whakahaeretanga o te 1000V.Ko te putanga 2023 e hiahia ana kia aroturukihia te whakamahana ā-whaiaro me te urupare hihiri, te haumaru whakamatao-wai e ai ki te IEC 62196-3:2022 mō ngā pūnaha 350kW+, me ngā whakaritenga ārai-motu mō te mahi ā-rua (BPT/V2G).
• Ko ngā kōwae mana SiC te miihini whai hua mō te utu 1000V.Ka mau tonu te pai o te huringa teitei o ngā kōwae MOSFET e hangai ana ki te silicon-carbide i runga ake i te 96.5%, ka huri tika te whakapai ake i te ngaohiko ki ngā mate pūngao iti iho me te utu katoa o te mana pupuri (TCO) iti iho.
• Ko te aroturuki i te ārai wera te pou tokomanawa o te haumaru o tētahi pūnaha 1000V.Ko te kite i te ātete-mātao taumata-mirihēkona i waenga i te pahi DC me te whenua he āhuatanga whakamātautau-whaiaro e hiahiatia ana — ehara i te mea he taputapu whiriwhiri — i raro i te paerewa hou.
• Kua manatokohia te pūnaha hanga-1000V a MIDA.Ko ngā kōwae hiko whakamatao-wai (40–125kW), ngā hononga whakamatao-wai 600A/1000V, me ngā teihana mai i te 360kW ki te 1,680kW me te putanga 150V–1000V e kapi ana i te puranga taputapu katoa e hiahiatia ana mō te whakatinanatanga HPC.

Ruku Hōhonu: Te Hangarau i Muri i te Wā 1000V

1. He aha i 1000V ai? Te Ahupūngao o te Utu Tere-Tiketike

Ko te take mō te utunga ngaohiko-tiketike ka whakaitihia ki te whārite kotahi:P = V × I. Me pupuri e te rihi hiko 400V e tuku ana i te 350kW te tata ki te 875A o te iahiko DC — he tatauranga e akiaki ana i ngā taura wai-whakamatao, ngā hononga kounga teitei, me te whakahaere wera nui puta noa i te ara hiko katoa. Ka tutuki i te rihi hiko 1000V te 350kW ōrite i te 350A anake, ā, ka toro atu ki te 600kW i te 600A, koinei tonu te whakatauranga o te whakatupuranga o ngā hononga mana-teitei wai-whakamatao o ēnei rā. I roto i te poto, mā te whakanui ake i te ngaohiko pahi ka whakanuia te kaha o te teihana me te kore e whakanuia te rahi tinana, te taumaha, te wera rānei o te taputapu utu.

He rite tonu te whakaiti i te mate. Ka tauritehia ngā mate o te taura me te ara iahiko ki te tapawhā o te iahiko (I²R), nō reira ko te tuku 500kW i te 1000V (500A) ka puta he tata ki tekotahi hauwhā o te wera o te kaiārahio te tuku i te 500kW ōrite i te 500V (1,000A). I ​​roto i tētahi teihana e mahi ana mō ngā hāora 10–14 ia rā, ka hua ake taua rerekētanga i ngā penapena hiko nui, i ngā whakawhiti hiko iti ake i runga ake, me ngā utu hononga whatunga iti iho — arā, ngā tūemi raina nui e toru i roto i te utu katoa o te mana o tētahi pae.

Kua tae kē te taha waka ki reira. Kua neke ngā hoahoa pākahiko 800V mai i ngā waka matua ki te mākete papatipu: ka utua e te tūāpapa E-GMP a Hyundai (Ioniq 5/6, EV6) te 10–80% i roto i te 18 meneti pea i runga i ngā taputapu 350kW, i whakaurua e Cybertruck a Tesla he hoahoa 800V ki te pūnaha NACS, ā, kua panaia e Lucid te ngaohiko pūnaha ki tua atu i te 900V. Kua waiho e ngā OEM Hainamana te 800V hei āhuatanga paerewa puta noa i ngā wāhanga utu waenga mai i te tau 2023, ā, ko te whakatakotoranga NACS tonu e tautoko ana i te utu DC tae atu ki te 1000V. E whakaatu tonu ana ngā matapae ahumahi i te pikinga o te wahanga 800V+ o ngā hoko BEV hou i roto i te haurua tuarua o tēnei tekau tau, ko te tikanga ka piki haere ngā whatunga utu kāore e taea te tuku putanga 800–1000V ki ngā waka e tino hira ana ki te tukunga.

Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere, ko te tautohe arumoni ko te kaha o te hiko. Ka taea e te teihana 1000V te kaha me te tiritiri mana pū-rua atamai te mahi ki te EV 800V i te mana katoa, me te whakakī anō i te taxi 400V i te iahiko peka iti iho - ka huri i te kāpata hiko kotahi hei awa moni e rua. Koinei te take e ārahi anaNgā teihana utu tere rawa 1000V whakamatao-waihe mea hanga ki ngā awhe putanga whānui 150V–1000V me te tohatoha mana hihiri, kaua ki ngā reri ngaohiko pumau.

2. Ngā Kōwae Mana SiC me te Hanganga Wera o ngā Utauta 1000V

Ko te wāhanga e whai hua ai te 1000V i roto i te kāpata ko tekōwae hiko silicon-carbide (SiC). Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā IGBT silicon tuku iho, ka huri ngā MOSFET SiC i ngā auau teitei ake me ngā ngaronga ara iahiko me te whakawhiti iti rawa, ka taea te tu atu ki ngā pāmahana hononga tae atu ki te 200°C, ā, ka mau tonu te whai huatanga puta noa i te matapihi putanga whānui 150V–1000V. Ko te hua i te taumata pūnaha he pai ake te whai huatanga tahuritanga teitei ake i te96.5% i te kawenga katoa— he tatauranga e whakaiti tika ana i te pire hiko a te kaiwhakahaere me te wera me pana e te kāpata.

Ko te hoahoa taumata-mōwae te wāhi e toa ai, e hinga ai rānei te kereme 1000V. Ko te teihana kua whakatauria mō te 360kW ka honoa kia tekau mā rua ngā mōwae 30kW, kia ono rānei ngā mōwae 60kW i muri i tētahi kaiwhakahaere tiritahi, me ngā āhuahanga DC-DC e whakahaere ana i tētahi pahi tāuru 1000V ki raro ki te ngaohiko e tonoa ana e te waka i te wā o te rūrū ringa. A MIDAngā waeine hiko utu EV matao-waingā waeine hau-whakamatao paerewa 20kW–60kW, ngā waeine wai-whakamatao 40kW–125kW mō ngā kāpata mana-tiketike, me ngā waeine rua-ara 30kW–62.5kW mō ngā wāhi kua rite mō te V2G. Kua hangaia ngā momo 1000V DC-DC mō ngā hoahoa pahi ngaohiko-tiketike, me ngā hoahoa motuhake, ātete-pūehu e pupuri ana i ngā hikohiko kia hiritia mai i te taiao.

Mā te whakahaere wera ka wehea ngā taputapu ā-ahumahi mai i ngā rihi utu iti. I te putanga tonu 600A, me whakakore e te pūnaha 1000V ētahi kirowati o te wera mai i ngā taura, ngā hononga, me ngā kōwae i te wā kotahi:

• Ngā kōwae hiko whakamatao-waiKa tukuna te wai whakamatao mā roto i ngā pereti makariri motuhake, kia mau tonu ai te pāmahana o ngā hononga i raro i te kawenga tihi pumau. Ka ārai hoki ngā kōwae paipa hau motuhake a MIDA kua whakatauria ki te IP65 i te pa atu o te puehu, te makuku, me te kohu tote ki te papa hiko, ka puta he MTTF neke atu i te 500,000 hāora, ā, ka whakakorea te nuinga o ngā mahi tiaki ārai.
• Ngā taura me ngā hononga kua whakamataohia e te waihe mea whakahau kia neke atu i te 350A tonu. Ngā MIDANgā hononga utu wai-whakamatao 600A kua whakatauria mō te 1000VWhakatereterehia te wai whakamatao mā roto i te koti taura me te pane hononga, kia taea ai te whakahaere i te taumaha o te kakau me te pikinga o te pāmahana i roto i ngā herenga IEC 62196-3:2022 ahakoa i ngā wā 600kW e whai ake nei.
• Te whakakorenga wera taumata-pūnahae whai ana i tētahi kaupapa matua atamai: ka āta mahi ngā kōwae ina pūrongohia e ngā pūoko pāmahana ā-roto te taumaha rawa, ka tiakina te wā mahi hei utu mō te hinga.

Koinei te hoahoanga kei muri i te whakatupuranga o nāianei oNgā teihana HPC 350kW me ngā hononga wai-whakamatao, ā, ka tauinehia kia rārangi: ka toro atu te tūāpapa whakamātao-wai kotahi ki ngā teihana whakamātao-wai 600kW–1,080kW me ngā kāpata momo-wehewehe 360kW–1,680kW mō ngā ara taraka me ngā ara waka.

3. IEC 61851-23:2023, Aroturukitanga Ārai, me te Hototahitanga o ngā Waka

Te whakahoutanga o te tau 2023 oIEC 61851-23ko te taumata whakatau mō te utu hiko teitei. I te wā i whakahaeretia ai e te putanga o mua ngā taputapu akomanga 750V, i tuhia te putanga 2023 mō te wā 1000V, ā, e toru ngā pou hangarau e whakahauhia ana:

1. Tautoko pūnaha 1000V+.Me hipoki haumaru ngā taputapu utu DC i ngā papaaho ngaohiko teitei o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, me te aroturukitanga whakamarumaru (IMD) e mahi ana i tewhakamātautau-ā-unoa, ā, ka urupare hihiri— te ine i te ātete ārai i waenga i te pahi DC me te whenua tiaki i te wā tūturu, me te whakatuwhera i ngā whakapā i roto i ngā mirihekona mēnā ka kitea he hapa. He whakaritenga uaua tēnei, ehara i te āhuatanga whiriwhiri, nā te mea he nui ake te kaha o te ru me te kaha o te arc-flash o te pahi 1000V i ngā taputapu 400V tawhito.
2. Te haumaru mō te whakamatao wai e ai ki te IEC 62196-3:2022.Mō ngā pūnaha 350kW+, me aroturuki kaha te paerewa i te porowhita whakamatao wai — te pēhanga whakamatao, te rere, me te pikinga pāmahana — me te tango aunoa, te whakaweto rānei mēnā ka heke te porowhita. Kua whakauruhia te pūoko pāmahana o te hononga me te taura kia kore ai e rewa, e piko rānei te taura e pakaru ana i mua i te wawaotanga mai o te kaiwhakahaere.
3. Ngā whakaritenga whakawhiti mana ā-rua (BPT).Me tutuki i ngā teihana tautoko V2G/V2H te āpitihanga mō te haumaru hononga whatunga mete whakahē i te moutere, me te whakarite kia momotu pai te taura hiko e whakahoki ana i te hiko ki te whatunga hiko i te wā e motu ana te ratonga hiko. E whai ana ngā kawa i te ISO 15118-20:2022 mō te Mono & Charge me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rua, me te DIN 70121 mō ngā wātū CCS.

Me aro nui ki te aroturuki i te whakamarumarunā te mea koinei te rerekētanga i waenga i te teihana 1000V kua hangaia pai me te nama. I roto i te mahi noa, ka wehea te pahi DC mai i te whenua; kotahi te hapa whakamarumaru - mai i te urunga mai o te wai matao, te pakaru o te taura, te makuku hononga rānei - ka hangaia he ara mō te iahiko ka taea te whakakaha i te anga waka, i te whare teihana rānei. Ka ine tonu te IMD e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga i te ātete whakamarumaru, ka whakahaere i tētahi tirotiro whaiaro i ia whakakānga, ā, ka mahi tahi me te kaiwhakahaere teihana ki te whakamutu haumaru i te wātū. I te whakakotahitanga me te tiaki iahiko toenga DC Momo A + 6mA me ngā mahi tāutanga whakahau (ātete whenua tiaki i raro i te 4Ω, ngā pakaru o runga ake i te 1.2× neke atu rānei o te mana ingoa o te teihana, me te whakanui ake i te taura ina neke atu te oma tohatoha i te 300 mita), ka hangaia te teihana 1000V kia haumaru te rahunga.

Ko te hototahitanga o ngā waka te pou whakamutunga, ā, he whānui ake i te ngaohiko.Me kōrero te teihana 1000V ki ngā whakatupuranga waka katoa mā te puranga kawa wā-utu: te rūrū ā-ringa CP/PP, te rūrū ā-ringa matihiko (ISO 15118, DIN 70121 rānei), me te paparanga whatunga (OCPP 1.6J, 2.0.1 rānei) e hono ana i te teihana ki te pito o muri o te CPO. He mea nui anō hoki te kapinga hononga — CCS1 mō Amerika Te Raki, CCS2 mō Ūropi me te nuinga o Āhia, NACS mō te pūnaha Tesla, CHAdeMO mō ngā waka tawhito o Hapanihi, me GBT mō te mākete ā-rohe o Haina. Ka tukuna ngā teihana a MIDA me ngā hoahoa hononga ka taea te whakawhiti me te puranga kawa katoa, kia taea ai e te kāpata kotahi 150V–1000V te mahi ki tētahi kahui waka whakauru o ngā waka 400V, 800V, me te 900V ahakoa te paerewa ā-rohe. Ka honoa hoki te wā ngaohiko teitei ki te rokiroki pūngao: ka honoa he rihi 1000V me te BESS ka ārai i ngā utu tono tihi, koia te take i whakauruhia ai.Ngā otinga utu ESSkei te piki haere te whakaurunga ki ngā papa huarahi me ngā papa waka.

Ngā Pātai Auau

1. Ka pakaru rānei taku hiko hiko 400V i te utu tere DC 1000V?

Kāo. Ka whakahaerehia he teihana 1000V e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga i runga i te matapihi putanga whānui 150V–1000V, ā, ka whiriwhiria te ngaohiko utu tika me te waka i te wā o te rūrū ringa, kia whiwhi ai te waka 400V i te wā taumata-400V. Ka whakahaeretia e ngā waeine mana o te teihana te putanga hihiri kia rite ki te tono a te waka; ko te whakatauranga 1000V anake te tohu i te tuanui o runga, ehara i te ngaohiko wā.

2. Kia pēhea te tere o te utu a te waka 800V i runga i te teihana 1000V?

E rua te tere o te utu o tētahi EV 800V i te pākahiko kotahi i runga i ngā taputapu 400V, ā, mā te teihana 1000V ka roa ake te pupuri i te mana teitei. Hei tikanga whānui, ka oti i tētahi kete 100kWh i runga i tētahi hoahoa 800V te wā 10–80% i roto i te 16–20 meneti i runga i tētahi waeine 350kW, ā, i roto i te 9–12 meneti pea i runga i tētahi waeine akomanga 600kW — ki te whakataurite ki te 35–45 meneti i runga i tētahi rihi 400V, 150kW.

3. He aha ngā whakaritenga a te IEC 61851-23:2023 mō ngā teihana utu 1000V?

Ko te putanga 2023 e whakahau ana i te kaha pūnaha 1000V+, te aroturukitanga whakamahana me te whakamātautau-ā-unoa me te urupare hapa hihiri, te haumaru o te porowhita whakamatao-wai (te aroturukitanga pēhanga, rere, me te pāmahana) e ai ki te IEC 62196-3:2022 mō ngā pūnaha mana-tiketike, me ngā whakaritenga ārai-motu mō te mahi taha-rua (BPT/V2G). Me manatokohia tētahi teihana HPC hou e aro ana ki te mākete Pākehā ki ēnei whakaritenga.

4. He aha te hiranga o ngā kōwae hiko SiC mō te utu 1000V?

He tere ake te huri o ngā MOSFET SiC, ā, he iti ake te kaha e ngaro ana i ngā IGBT silicon i te ngaohiko teitei, ka taea ai te pikinga o te pai o te tahuritanga ki runga ake i te 96.5% puta noa i te awhe putanga 150V–1000V. Ko te tikanga o te pai ake he iti ake te wera para hei tango, he iti ake, he marino ake ngā pūnaha whakamatao, ā, he iti ake ngā ngaronga hiko — e whakapai ake ana i te TCO o te teihana mō te 10 tau te roa o te mahi.

5. Me whakamatao wai ngā teihana utu neke atu i te 350kW?

Āe, āe. Ko ngā iahiko pumau i runga ake i te 350A pea ka whakaputa i te wera e kore e taea e ngā taura me ngā hononga hau-whakamatao te pana i roto i ngā rohe pāmahana hononga, ā, e hiahiatia ana e te IEC 62196-3:2022 te aroturuki kaha o te porowhita whakamatao-wai i te mana teitei. Ko ngā waeine hiko me ngā taura whakamatao-wai hoki te mea e pupuri ana i te teihana 600kW kia kiato, kia pono, kia haumaru hoki i raro i ngā wā taumaha e rua.

6. Me pēhea te tiaki a te aroturukitanga whakamarumaru i tētahi pūnaha utu 1000V?

Ka ine tonu te aroturukitanga ārai i te ātete ārai i waenga i te pahi DC me te whenua, ā, ka whakamātautau-ā-koe i ia wā e whakakā ana. Mēnā ka puta he hapa — mai i te urunga mai o te wai mātao, te pakaru o te taura, te makuku rānei i roto i te hononga — ka kitea e te wae aroturuki i roto i ngā mirihekona ka whakahau i te teihana kia whakatuwhera i ngā whakapā, ka ārai i te whakakaha o te anga me ngā takahanga pewa i runga i te pahi 1000V kei reira te kaha hapa he nui ake i te 400V.

7. Ka taea e te teihana 1000V kotahi te whakamahi i ngā paerewa hononga katoa me ngā whakatupuranga waka?

Āe. Ka taea te whakauru i tētahi teihana 1000V kotahi ki ngā hononga CCS1, CCS2, NACS, CHAdeMO, GBT rānei, ā, ka tautoko i ngā waka tawhito 400V me ngā tūāpapa 800V/900V mā roto i tōna whānuitanga putanga me te puranga kawa (ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, DIN 70121, OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1). Ko tēnei hototahitanga whānui te take i noho ai ngā kāpata putanga whānui 150V–1000V hei hoahoa e taunakitia ana mō ngā CPO e tiaki ana i ā rātou whatunga ā muri ake nei.