Kachitidwe ka Voltage Yaikulu: Kuchaja kwa DC Kulowa mu Nthawi ya 1000V

mutu: “Kuchaja kwa Mphamvu Yapamwamba: Kuchaja kwa DC Kulowa mu 1000V Era” slug: “kuchaja kwamphamvu-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi-kwamagetsi” meta_description: “Chifukwa chake 1000V ndiye muyezo watsopano wa kuchaja mwachangu kwa DC: nsanja zamagalimoto za 800V/900V, IEC 61851-23:2023 kutsatira malamulo, ma module amagetsi a SiC, kuyang'anira kutenthetsa ndi malo oziziritsa madzi a 600kW+ afotokozedwa.” mawu osakira: ["1000V DC kuchaja mwachangu", "800V EV kuchaja", "IEC 61851-23:2023", "SiC power module", "kuyang'anira kutenthetsa", "malo ochaja ozizira amadzimadzi", "HPC charging"]

Chiyambi

Basi ya 1000V DC yakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yolipirira magalimoto amagetsi a m'badwo wotsatira: pofika chaka cha 2026, siteshoni iliyonse yolipirira mphamvu zambiri (HPC) yopangidwira 350kW ndi kupitirira apo imakhala yomangidwa mozungulira mphamvu yotulutsa ya 1000V, ndipo yasinthidwa.IEC 61851-23:2023muyezo tsopano ukupanga zofunikira za uinjiniya — kuyang'anira kutentha, chitetezo choziziritsa madzi, ndi kusamutsa mphamvu mbali zonse ziwiri — zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azisuntha motetezeka, moyenera, komanso mogwirizana. Choyambitsa chili kumbali ya galimoto: pambuyo pa 800V Taycan ya Porsche mu 2019 ndi nsanja ya Hyundai ya E-GMP mu 2021, ma EV ambiri atsopano akutali omwe adayambitsidwa kuyambira 2024 — kuyambira pa kapangidwe ka 900V+ ka Lucid mpaka mitundu yambiri ya 800V kuchokera ku OEMs aku Asia ndi Western — tsopano amalipiritsa pa 800V kapena kupitirira apo. Chochaja chotsekedwa ku kapangidwe ka 400V sichingatsegule curve yawo yolipiritsa yapamwamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yocheperako, mizere yayitali, ndi ndalama zotsalira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kukweza mphamvu ya DC bus si njira yabwino yopezera mphamvu; ndiyo njira yokhayo yopezera ndalama yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu yochaja kupitirira 350kW. Popeza mphamvu imafanana ndi mphamvu yochulukitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (P = V × I), makina a 1000V amapereka mphamvu.Mphamvu ya 600kW pa 600A yokha, pomwe makina a 400V angafunike 1,500A kuti apeze zotsatira zomwezo - mulingo wamakono womwe umaposa malire enieni a kulemera kwa chingwe chogwira ntchito, ma thermals olumikizira, ndi zachuma za conductor wa grid-side. CPO aliyense wofunikira, woyendetsa msewu waukulu, ndi manejala wa fleet omwe akuwunika zomangamanga zatsopano mu 2026 akufunsa funso lomweli: kodi siteshoni yanga yotsatira ya 1000V ndi yokonzeka? Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za fizikisi, muyezo, ndi ukadaulo wa gawo la magawo (ma module a SiC, kuyang'anira kutenthetsa, kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi) zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ya 1000V ikhale yopindulitsa pamalonda - komanso momwe portfolio ya MIDA ya 150V–1000V yolipirira mtsogolo ingatsimikizire ndalamazo.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• 1000V ndiye denga latsopano la DC fast charging economics.Pa mlingo womwewo wa chingwe cha 600A, basi ya 1000V imapereka mphamvu ya 600kW poyerekeza ndi 240kW pa mphamvu ya 400V — mphamvu yopitilira 2.5× yokhala ndi zoletsa zofanana za kutentha.
• Voltage, osati current, ndiye chowongolera kukula.Kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu ya magetsi ya basi kumawonjezera mphamvu ya magetsi yomweyi, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa I²R ya chingwe ndi pafupifupi 75% ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa zingwe zolemera kwambiri za 1,000A+.
• Ma charger otulutsa mphamvu zambiri (150V–1000V) ndi ofunikira kuti magalimoto azigwirizana.Siteshoni imodzi yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 1000V imatumikira magalimoto akale a 400V ndi nsanja zatsopano za 800V/900V, kuteteza ndalama za CPO pazipangizo zamagetsi pamene magalimoto akusintha.
• IEC 61851-23:2023 imapangitsa kuti ntchito ya 1000V ikhale nkhani yokhudza kutsatira malamulo.Kope la 2023 limafuna kuyang'anira kutentha komwe kumadziyesa kokhala ndi yankho losinthasintha, chitetezo cha kuziziritsa madzi motsatira IEC 62196-3:2022 pamakina a 350kW+, komanso zinthu zotsutsana ndi zilumba kuti zigwire ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri (BPT/V2G).
• Ma module a SiC ndi injini yothandiza kwambiri yochaja ma 1000V.Ma module ochokera ku Silicon-Carbide MOSFET amasunga mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu yoposa 96.5%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukweza kwa magetsi kukhale kotsika kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO).
• Kuyang'anira kutentha kwa mpweya ndiye maziko a chitetezo cha makina a 1000V.Kuzindikira kukana kutenthetsa kwa millisecond pakati pa basi ya DC ndi pansi ndi chinthu chofunikira kudziyesa nokha — osati chowonjezera chosankha — motsatira muyezo wosinthidwa.
• Dongosolo la MIDA lokonzekera 1000V latsimikiziridwa kuti lapangidwa.Ma module amphamvu oziziritsidwa ndi madzi (40–125kW), zolumikizira zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi za 600A/1000V, ndi malo oyambira 360kW mpaka 1,680kW okhala ndi mphamvu ya 150V–1000V amaphimba zida zonse zofunika kuti HPC igwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kuzama Kwambiri: Uinjiniya Womwe Unali Pambuyo pa Nthawi ya 1000V

1. Chifukwa chiyani 1000V? Fiziki ya Kuchaja Mothamanga Kwambiri

Nkhani ya chaji yamagetsi amphamvu imachepa kufika pa equation imodzi:P = V × I. Chaja ya 400V yomwe imapereka mphamvu ya 350kW iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu ya DC ya 875A - chithunzi chomwe chimakakamiza zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi, zolumikizira zapamwamba, komanso kuyang'anira kutentha kwambiri panjira yonse yamagetsi. Chaja ya 1000V imapeza mphamvu yofanana ya 350kW pa 350A yokha, ndipo imafikira 600kW pa 600A, yomwe ndi muyezo wa mibadwo yamasiku ano ya zolumikizira zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi. Mwachidule, kukweza mphamvu ya basi kumachulukitsa mphamvu ya siteshoni popanda kuchulukitsa kukula, kulemera, kapena kutentha kwa zida zochapira.

Kuchepetsa kutayika n'kofunika kwambiri. Kutayika kwa chingwe ndi kondakitala kumayenderana ndi sikweya ya mphamvu (I²R), kotero kupereka mphamvu ya 500kW pa 1000V (500A) kumapanga pafupifupikotala la kutentha kwa kondakitalakupereka mphamvu yofanana ya 500kW pa 500V (1,000A). Kudutsa siteshoni yomwe ikugwira ntchito maola 10-14 patsiku, kusiyana kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kusunga magetsi kofunikira, ma transformer ang'onoang'ono akumtunda, komanso ndalama zochepa zolumikizira gridi - zinthu zitatu zazikulu kwambiri pamtengo wonse wa umwini wa malo.

Mbali ya galimoto ili kale. Mapangidwe a mabatire a 800V asintha kuchoka pamakampani apamwamba kwambiri kupita pamsika waukulu: Pulatifomu ya Hyundai ya E-GMP (Ioniq 5/6, EV6) imachaja 10-80% m'mphindi pafupifupi 18 pa hardware ya 350kW, Cybertruck ya Tesla idayambitsa kapangidwe ka 800V ku NACS ecosystem, ndipo Lucid yapititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi kupitirira 900V. Ma OEM aku China apanga 800V kukhala chinthu chokhazikika m'magawo apakati kuyambira 2023, ndipo mawonekedwe a NACS okha amathandizira DC charging mpaka 1000V. Zolosera zamakampani nthawi zonse zikuwonetsa kuti kugulitsa kwa 800V+ kwa BEV yatsopano kukukwera m'magawo awiri achiwiri a zaka khumi izi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma network a charging omwe sangathe kupereka mphamvu ya 800-1000V adzalepheretsa magalimoto omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pamagetsi.

Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti magetsi amayenda bwino. Siteshoni yamagetsi ya 1000V yokhala ndi mphamvu yogawana mfuti ziwiri ingathe kutumikira 800V EV pa mphamvu zonse pamene nthawi yomweyo ikuwonjezera taxi ya 400V pa mphamvu yotsika ya nthambi - kusandutsa kabati imodzi yamagetsi kukhala njira ziwiri zopezera ndalama. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutsogolera.Malo ochapira oziziritsidwa ndi madzi a 1000V mwachangu kwambiriZapangidwa ndi ma output ranges a 150V–1000V wide output komanso dynamic power allocation m'malo mwa ma fixed voltage rails.

2. Ma Module a SiC Power ndi Kapangidwe ka Kutentha kwa Ma Charger a 1000V

Chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti 1000V ikhale yothandiza mkati mwa kabati ndigawo lamagetsi la silicon-carbide (SiC)Poyerekeza ndi ma IGBT a silicon achikhalidwe, ma SiC MOSFET amasinthasintha pama frequency apamwamba kwambiri omwe amataya mphamvu zochepa komanso kutayika kwa kusintha, amalekerera kutentha kwa ma junction mpaka 200°C, ndipo amasunga magwiridwe antchito pazenera lalikulu la 150V–1000V. Zotsatira zake pamlingo wa dongosolo ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri yosinthira mphamvu pamwamba pa96.5% pa katundu wathunthu— chithunzi chomwe chimachepetsa mwachindunji bilu yamagetsi ya wogwiritsa ntchito komanso kutentha komwe kabati iyenera kukana.

Kapangidwe ka gawo la module ndi komwe mphamvu ya 1000V imapambana kapena kutayika. Siteshoni yovomerezeka ya 360kW nthawi zambiri imaphatikiza ma module khumi ndi awiri a 30kW kapena ma module asanu ndi limodzi a 60kW kumbuyo kwa chowongolera chogawana, ndi ma topology a DC-DC omwe amawongolera basi yolowera ya 1000V mpaka mphamvu yeniyeni yomwe galimotoyo imapempha panthawi yogwirana chanza.Ma module amphamvu ochapira a EV oziziritsidwa ndi madziMagawo oziziritsa mpweya a 20kW–60kW, magawo oziziritsa madzi a 40kW–125kW a makabati amphamvu kwambiri, ndi magawo ozungulira a 30kW–62.5kW a malo okonzeka ku V2G. Mitundu ya 1000V DC-DC idapangidwa makamaka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa zomangamanga zamabasi amphamvu kwambiri, zokhala ndi mapangidwe apadera, osapsa fumbi omwe amasunga magetsi kuti asawononge chilengedwe.

Kuyang'anira kutentha kumasiyanitsa zida zamagetsi ndi zochapira zinthu zotsika mtengo. Pa mphamvu yopitilira ya 600A, makina a 1000V ayenera kukana ma kilowatts angapo a kutentha kuchokera ku zingwe, zolumikizira, ndi ma module nthawi imodzi:

• Ma module amphamvu oziziritsidwa ndi madziNjira yoziziritsira mpweya kudzera m'mapepala ozizira odzipereka, kusunga kutentha kwa malo olumikizirana mpweya kukhala kokhazikika pamene katunduyo akuchulukirachulukira. Ma module a MIDA a IP65 omwe ali ndi mpweya wosiyana amathandizanso kuti fumbi, chinyezi, ndi chifunga cha mchere zisakhudze bolodi la circuit, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti MTTF ikhale ndi maola opitilira 500,000 ndikuchotsa zinthu zambiri zodzitetezera.
• Zingwe ndi zolumikizira zoziziritsidwa ndi madzindi zofunika kuposa pafupifupi 350A mosalekeza. MIDA'sZolumikizira zochapira zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi za 600A zomwe zili ndi ma volts 1000Kuzungulira choziziritsira kudzera mu jekete la chingwe ndi mutu wolumikizira, kusunga kulemera kwa chogwiriracho kukuyang'aniridwa komanso kutentha kukwera mkati mwa malire a IEC 62196-3:2022 ngakhale panthawi yotsatizana ya 600kW.
• Kukana kutentha kwa dongosolokutsatira mfundo yofunika kwambiri: ma module amanyoza bwino pokhapokha ngati masensa a kutentha kwamkati akunena kuti akupitirira muyeso, zomwe zimasunga nthawi yogwira ntchito m'malo mopunthwa.

Uwu ndi kapangidwe kake ka mbadwo wamakono waMalo olumikizira a HPC a 350kW okhala ndi zolumikizira zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi, ndipo imakula molunjika: nsanja yomweyo yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi imafikira ku malo oziziritsira madzi a 600kW–1,080kW ndi makabati a 360kW–1,680kW ogawanika a magalimoto akuluakulu ndi malo oyendera magalimoto.

3. IEC 61851-23:2023, Kuwunika Kuteteza Kutentha, ndi Kugwirizana kwa Magalimoto

Kusintha kwa 2023 kwaIEC 61851-23ndiye njira yotsatirira malamulo a chaji yamagetsi amphamvu. Pamene kope loyambirira linkalamulira bwino zida za kalasi ya 750V, kope la 2023 linalembedwa nthawi ya 1000V ndipo tsopano likuyang'anira mizati itatu ya uinjiniya:

1. Thandizo la makina a 1000V+.Zipangizo zochapira za DC ziyenera kuphimba bwino nsanja zamphamvu za m'badwo wotsatira, ndi insulation monitoring (IMD) yomwe imachita bwinokudziyesa wekha ndipo umayankha mwachangu— kuyeza kukana kwa insulation pakati pa basi ya DC ndi dziko loteteza nthawi yeniyeni ndikutsegula ma contactor mkati mwa ma millisecond ngati vuto lapezeka. Ichi ndi chofunikira chovuta, osati chinthu chosankha, chifukwa basi ya 1000V imapereka mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yowala kuposa zida zakale za 400V.
2. Chitetezo cha kuziziritsa madzi motsatira IEC 62196-3:2022.Pa makina a 350kW+, muyezo umafuna kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu kwa lupu yoziziritsira madzi — kuthamanga kwa coolant, kuyenda, ndi kukwera kwa kutentha — ndi kutseka kapena kuzimitsa yokha ngati lupuyo yawonongeka. Kuzindikira kutentha kwa cholumikizira ndi chingwe kumalumikizidwa kotero kuti chingwe cholephera sichingasungunuke kapena kuzungulira wowongolera asanalowerere.
3. Zopereka za kusamutsa mphamvu m'njira ziwiri (BPT).Malo olumikizirana ndi V2G/V2H ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha kulumikizana kwa gridi ndi gridi.otsutsa zilumba, kuonetsetsa kuti chojambulira mphamvu chobweza magetsi chibwerera ku gridi chizimitsidwa bwino pakagwa magetsi. Ma protocol amatsatira ISO 15118-20:2022 ya Plug & Charge ndi kulumikizana kwa mbali ziwiri, pamodzi ndi DIN 70121 ya magawo a CCS.

Kuyang'anira kutentha kwa thupi kumafunika chisamaliro chapaderachifukwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa siteshoni ya 1000V yokonzedwa bwino ndi vuto. Pantchito yanthawi zonse, basi ya DC imachotsedwa pansi; vuto limodzi loteteza kutentha - kuchokera ku kulowa kwa coolant, kusweka kwa chingwe, kapena chinyezi cholumikizira - limapanga njira yamagetsi yomwe ingapatse mphamvu chassis yagalimoto kapena malo obisalamo siteshoni. IMD yovomerezeka nthawi zonse imayesa kukana kutentha, imadziyesa yokha nthawi iliyonse yoyatsira magetsi, ndipo imagwirizana ndi wowongolera siteshoni kuti ithe gawolo mosamala. Kuphatikiza ndi chitetezo champhamvu chotsalira cha Type A + 6mA DC ndi machitidwe ofunikira okhazikitsa (kukana kwa nthaka yoteteza pansi pa 4Ω, ma breaker opita pamwamba omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya 1.2× kapena kuposerapo ya mphamvu yodziwika ya siteshoni, ndi kukweza kukula kwa chingwe pamene kufalikira kwa magetsi kukupitirira mamita 300), siteshoni ya 1000V imapangidwa kuti isagwire ntchito bwino.

Kugwirizana kwa galimoto ndiye mzati womaliza, ndipo ndi waukulu kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi.Siteshoni ya 1000V iyenera kulankhula ndi mtundu uliwonse wa magalimoto kudzera mu protocol stack ya charging-session: CP/PP analog handshake, digital handshake (ISO 15118 kapena DIN 70121), ndi network layer (OCPP 1.6J kapena 2.0.1) yomwe imalumikiza siteshoniyo ndi backend ya CPO. Kuphimba kwa cholumikizira ndikofunikira kwambiri - CCS1 ku North America, CCS2 ku Europe ndi Asia yambiri, NACS ya Tesla ecosystem, CHAdeMO yamagalimoto akale aku Japan, ndi GBT pamsika waku China. Masiteshoni a MIDA amatumizidwa ndi zomangamanga zolumikizira zosinthika komanso protocol stack yonse, kotero kabati imodzi ya 150V–1000V imatha kutumikira magalimoto osakanikirana a 400V, 800V, ndi 900V mosasamala kanthu za muyezo wachigawo. Nthawi yamagetsi apamwamba imayanjananso mwachilengedwe ndi malo osungira mphamvu: kuphatikiza charger ya 1000V ndi BESS buffers peak demand charges, ndichifukwa chake yolumikizidwa.Mayankho ochapira a ESSakuchulukirachulukira kusungidwa m'misewu ikuluikulu komanso m'malo osungira magalimoto.

FAQ

1. Kodi chojambulira chachangu cha 1000V DC chingawononge 400V EV yanga?

Ayi. Siteshoni ya 1000V yogwirizana ndi malamulo imagwira ntchito pawindo lalikulu la 150V–1000V ndipo imakambirana mphamvu yeniyeni yochajira ndi galimotoyo panthawi yogwirana chanza, kotero galimoto ya 400V imalandira mphamvu ya 400V. Ma module amagetsi a siteshoniyo amawongolera mphamvu yotulutsa kuti igwirizane ndi pempho la galimotoyo; mlingo wa 1000V umangotanthauza denga lapamwamba, osati mphamvu ya gawo.

2. Kodi galimoto ya 800V imachajidwa mofulumira bwanji pa siteshoni ya 1000V?

800V EV imachaja mofulumira kwambiri kuposa batire yomweyo pa hardware ya 400V, ndipo siteshoni yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 1000V imalola kuti igwire mphamvu yayitali. Monga lamulo, paketi ya 100kWh pa kapangidwe ka 800V imamaliza gawo la 10-80% mu mphindi 16-20 pa unit ya 350kW, ndipo mu mphindi pafupifupi 9-12 pa unit ya kalasi ya 600kW - poyerekeza ndi mphindi 35-45 pa charger ya 400V, 150kW.

3. Kodi IEC 61851-23:2023 imafuna chiyani pa malo ochajira a 1000V?

Kope la 2023 limapereka mphamvu ya makina a 1000V+, kuyang'anira kutentha ndi kuyesa mphamvu ndi yankho la cholakwika, chitetezo cha kuzungulira koziziritsa madzi (kuwunika kuthamanga, kuyenda, ndi kutentha) motsatira IEC 62196-3:2022 pamakina amphamvu kwambiri, ndi malamulo oletsa zilumba kuti zigwire ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri (BPT/V2G). Siteshoni iliyonse yatsopano ya HPC yomwe ikuyang'ana msika waku Europe iyenera kutsimikiziridwa motsatira zofunikira izi.

4. N’chifukwa chiyani ma module a SiC ndi ofunikira pakuchaja ma 1000V?

Ma SiC MOSFET amasinthasintha mwachangu ndipo amataya mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kuposa ma silicon IGBTs pamagetsi okwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yosinthira ikhale yoposa 96.5% pamagetsi onse a 150V–1000V. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumatanthauza kutentha kochepa kochotsa, makina ozizira ang'onoang'ono komanso opanda phokoso, komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa magetsi - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti TCO ya siteshoniyo ikhale yabwino kwambiri kwa zaka 10.

5. Kodi kuziziritsa madzi ndikofunikira pa malo ochajira oposa 350kW?

Inde, mafunde okhazikika pamwamba pa 350A amapanga kutentha komwe zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya ndi zolumikizira sizingathe kukana mkati mwa malire a kutentha kwa cholumikizira, ndipo IEC 62196-3:2022 imafuna kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu kwa kuzungulira koziziritsira madzi pamphamvu kwambiri. Ma module amagetsi oziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndi omwenso amasunga siteshoni ya 600kW yaying'ono, yodalirika, komanso yotetezeka pansi pa magawo olemera otsatizana.

6. Kodi kuyang'anira kutentha kumateteza bwanji makina ochapira a 1000V?

Kuyang'anira kutchinjiriza kumayesa nthawi zonse kukana kutchinjiriza pakati pa basi ya DC ndi pansi ndipo kumadziyesa nthawi iliyonse pa mphamvu iliyonse. Ngati vuto layamba — kuchokera ku kulowa kwa coolant, kuwonongeka kwa chingwe, kapena chinyezi mu cholumikizira — chipangizo chowunikira chimazindikira mu ma millisecond ndikulamula siteshoniyo kuti itsegule ma contactor, kuletsa mphamvu ya chassis ndi zochitika za arc pa basi ya 1000V pomwe mphamvu ya vuto imakhala yokwera kwambiri kuposa pa 400V.

7. Kodi siteshoni imodzi ya 1000V ingagwire ntchito pa miyezo yonse yolumikizira ndi mibadwo yonse ya magalimoto?

Inde. Siteshoni imodzi ya 1000V ikhoza kukhala ndi zolumikizira za CCS1, CCS2, NACS, CHAdeMO, kapena GBT ndipo imathandizira magalimoto akale a 400V ndi nsanja za 800V/900V kudzera mumtundu wake waukulu wotulutsa ndi protocol stack (ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, DIN 70121, OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1). Kugwirizana kwapadziko lonse ndichifukwa chake makabati otulutsa a 150V–1000V ndi omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti ma CPO aziteteza ma netiweki awo mtsogolo.