Magani na BESS da aka keɓance don Jiragen Cajin Motocin Lantarki

Amsa Mai Sauri

Ga masu aikin samar da wutar lantarki ga manyan motocin da ke amfani da wutar lantarki, tsarin adana makamashin batir (BESS) shine bambanci tsakanin rumbun ajiya da ke aikawa akan lokaci da kuma wanda ke tsayawa a bakin ƙofa. Maganin BESS da aka keɓance yana haɗa fakitin batir mai tsayawa (yawanci 200 kWh zuwa 2 MWh+) tare da manyan caja na DC (120 kW zuwa 960 kW+) don haka wurin zai iya isar da zaman caji na megawatt ba tare da jiran haɓaka grid ba. Tsarin da ya dace - wanda aka ƙayyade ta hanyar zagayowar aikin rundunar, tarin isowa, da haɗin grid da ake da shi - yana rage kuɗin buƙata, yana ƙara amfani da caja, kuma yana kare tagogi masu tsauri. Wannan jagorar ya bayyana yadda masu gudanar da jiragen ruwa, injiniyoyin rumbun ajiya, da masu haɓaka aikin yakamata su girma, saita, da kuma tura cibiyoyin caji na BESS don manyan motocin lantarki.

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

• Girman BESS ga manyan motocin ya dogara ne akan tsarin isowa da kuma yawan fashewar caji, ba matsakaicin kuzarin yau da kullun ba.
• Cajin Megawatt (aji na MCS, 1 MW+) zai zama mai yiwuwa akan ƙaramin haɗin grid lokacin da BESS ya ɓoye kololuwar.
• Tsarin BESS da aka haɗa da kuma waɗanda aka haɗa da kwantena sun rage farashin shigarwa, lokacin aiki, da kuma sawun wurin.
• Aski mai ƙarfi da amsawar buƙata suna canza ajiya daga cibiyar kuɗi zuwa ma'aunin samun kuɗi da kuɗin fito.
• Haɗin kai tsakanin OCPP 2.0.1 da ISO 15118 su ne sharuɗɗan da ake buƙata don sarrafa makamashi ta atomatik a sikelin jiragen ruwa.

Matsalar Cajin Jirgin Ruwa: Dalilin da yasa Ƙarfin Grid Ya Kasa Da Farko

Motar lantarki ta aji 8 mai batirin 500-700 kWh yawanci tana buƙatar 300-500 kWh a kowace zaman aiki don komawa bakin aiki. Lokacin da manyan motoci biyar suka isa ƙarshen aiki, ba zato ba tsammani tashar tana buƙatar 1.5-2.5 MWh da aka kawo cikin tagar sa'o'i huɗu zuwa shida. Matsakaicin na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta wurin aiki - sau da yawa 500 kVA zuwa 1 MVA - ba za ta iya ɗaukar wannan nauyin ba, kuma haɓakawa kan haɗin wutar lantarki akai-akai yana ɗaukar watanni 12 zuwa 24 kuma yana kashe adadi shida a kasuwanni da yawa.

Wannan ita ce babbar matsalar wutar lantarki ta jiragen ruwa: makamashin yana samuwa daga grid, amma ba wutar lantarki ba ce. BESS mai tsari yana raba su biyun. Batirin yana caji daga grid ɗin a daidai lokacin da aka yarda (misali, 250 kW) na tsawon awanni da yawa, sannan yana fitarwa a 480 kW, 960 kW, ko fiye lokacin da manyan motoci suka iso. Matsakaicin buƙatar grid ɗin wurin yana nan a kwance yayin da ƙarfin caji ke ƙaruwa da buƙatun jiragen ruwa.

Ga manajojin jiragen ruwa, sakamakon aiki mai sauƙi ne: BESS yana kawar da dalilin da ya fi yawan jawo jinkirin ayyukan caji na manyan motoci - suna jiran wutar lantarki. Tashar caji ta [2 MWh 960 kW BESS](https://www.midapower.com/2mwh-960kw-bess-charging-station-megawatt-ev-charger-solar-battery-storage-system-product/) na iya isar da matakin megawatt daga haɗin kai kaɗan kamar girmansa, wanda hakan ke sa wutar lantarki ta wurin ajiya ta zama aikin gini maimakon aikin wutar lantarki.

Tsarin BESS da aka ƙera don Jiragen Ruwa na Motoci

Cibiyar caji ta BESS mai inganci ta ƙunshi fiye da batir da caja. Manyan tsarin sune:

1. Toshe na ajiyar makamashin batir— Kwayoyin LFP (lithium iron phosphate) da aka shirya a cikin racks, waɗanda girmansu ya kai 100-500 kWh, tare da sarrafa zafi da kuma sa ido kan matakin ƙwayoyin halitta. 2.Caja masu sauri na DC— Nau'o'in 120 kW zuwa 960 kW+, ta amfani da haɗin CCS1, CCS2, ko MCS, sau da yawa tare da kebul masu sanyaya ruwa waɗanda aka ƙima su zuwa 500 A da sama don dorewar zaman wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi. 3.Tsarin sauya wutar lantarki (PCS) mai sassa biyu— yana canza wutar lantarki ta AC zuwa DC don batirin kuma yana tallafawa kwararar kuzari mai ƙarfin V2G inda ƙa'idodi suka ba da dama. 4.Tsarin sarrafa makamashi na wurin (EMS)— yana tsara caji, yana aiwatar da iyakokin buƙata, kuma yana tsara sasantawa, yanke kololuwa, da kuma amsa buƙatun. 5.Telematics da OCPP 2.0.1 ƙarshen baya— yana haɗa na'urorin caji zuwa manhajar sarrafa rumbun adana bayanai na rundunar da kuma dandamalin girgije na mai aiki.

Kayan da aka ƙera suna da mahimmanci saboda wurin ajiye taksi, cibiyar rarrabawa ta yanki, da kuma aikin fitar da kaya daga tashar jiragen ruwa suna da lanƙwasa daban-daban. Mai aiki da tashar jiragen ruwa na iya buƙatar ɗan gajeren fashewa mai ƙarfi tsakanin isowar jiragen ruwa; cibiyar rarrabawa tana buƙatar caji mai ɗorewa cikin dare ɗaya; rundunar gine-gine na iya amfana daga [tashar caji ta BESS ta hannu mai ƙarfin 240 kW 418](https://www.midapower.com/418kwh-240kw-bess-charging-station-battery-storage-mobile-ev-charger-product/) wanda ke motsawa tsakanin wuraren aiki.

Girman Tsarin: Daga Zagayen Aiki zuwa Ƙarfin Baturi

Girman ya fara ne da bayanai, ba kundin bayanai na masu siyarwa ba. Tsarin yana da matakai biyar:

1. Tattara na'urar sadarwa— nisan hanyar rajista, kuzari a kowace mil, lokutan ƙarewa na aiki, da kuma bayanan ƙarfin caji na ainihin samfuran manyan motoci. 2.Gina lanƙwasa isowa— tsara adadin manyan motoci da ke buƙatar wutar lantarki a kowace awa ta yini. Rukunin motoci abokan gaba ne na ɗaukar kaya ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. 3.Bayyana tagar aikawa— lokutan da kowace babbar mota dole ta kai matsayin da za a caji (yawanci kashi 80–100% a farkon aiki). 4.Samu ƙarfin kololuwa— matsakaicin ƙarfin caji a lokaci guda, wanda ke motsa cajin da ƙimar ƙarfin BESS. 5.Lissafa makamashin da ake buƙata- yawan makamashin da ake samu a kowace rana, wanda ke tafiyar da ƙarfin batirin, tare da raguwar ƙira ta kashi 15-20% don lalatawa da kuma rage tasirin yanayi a lokacin sanyi.

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna sakamakon kimantawa na wakilcin bayanai guda uku na gama gari:

Wata doka mai amfani: BESS ya kamata ta rufe kashi 30–50% na makamashin yau da kullun na ma'ajiyar, tare da grid ɗin da ke ciyar da sauran a kan ƙimar da ba ta canzawa. Wannan ma'auni yana rage farashin zagayowar baturi yayin da yake ƙara yawan tanadin caji na buƙata.

Tsarin Gine-gine Masu Kwantena da Haɗaɗɗen Gine-gine

Wuraren jiragen ruwa na iya tura BESS a cikin manyan abubuwa guda biyu, kuma zaɓin yana shafar shigarwa da ayyukansa sosai.

Haɗaɗɗen tarin caji na BESShaɗa batirin, caja, da na'urori masu sarrafawa a cikin wani wuri. [Tashar caji ta BESS mai ƙarfin 200 kWh 120 kW tare da jituwa ta CCS, NACS, da CHAdeMO](https://www.midapower.com/ccs-nacs-chademo-200kwh-120kw-bess-charging-station-energy-storage-ev-charger-piles-product/) misali ne mai kyau na wannan ƙaramin aji na toshe-da-wasa. Na'urorin da aka haɗa sun dace da rumbunan ajiya tare da sarari mai iyaka, wurare na wucin gadi, da sassaucin haɗawa da yawa, kuma yawanci suna aiki a cikin kwanaki maimakon watanni.

Tashoshin BESS masu kwantenaraba toshewar batirin (sau da yawa daga 500 kWh zuwa 2 MWh a cikin akwati ko jerin kabad) daga na'urorin caji. Wannan tsarin yana mamaye manyan rumbunan ajiya saboda yana ba da damar:

• Daidaita makamashi (ƙarfin baturi) da ƙarfi mai zaman kansa (ƙidayar caja),
• Sauƙaƙa samun damar kulawa da maye gurbin kayayyaki,
• Tsarin hana gobara da kuma kula da muhalli,
• Rage farashi a kowace kilowatt-hour a sikelin.

Ga wuraren da aka takaita amfani da grid, za a iya tura [tashar caji ta BESS mai kwantena 500 kWh](https://www.midapower.com/news/500kwh-containerized-bess-charging-station-for-grid-constrained-areas/) yayin da ake ci gaba da haɓaka amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda hakan zai bai wa jiragen ruwan damar yin amfani da hanyar caji watanni da suka gabata.

Sarrafa Mai Wayo: OCPP 2.0.1, ISO 15118, da EMS

Na'urar BESS da aka ƙera tana ba da ƙima ne kawai idan manhajar ta tsara ta da kyau. Cibiyoyin jiragen ruwa na zamani suna gudanar da EMS wanda ke ci gaba da inganta shawarwari uku: lokacin da za a caji batirin, yadda za a raba wutar lantarki tsakanin manyan motocin da aka haɗa, da kuma lokacin da za a fitar da wutar lantarki don aske kololuwar wurin.

Ma'auni uku ne suka sa wannan aiki ta atomatik ya yiwu:

• OCPP 2.0.1— tsarin caja-zuwa-baya; ayyukansa na caji mai wayo da sarrafa na'urori suna ba EMS damar saita iyakokin wutar lantarki ga kowace caja a ainihin lokaci.
• ISO 15118— tsarin caji na abin hawa zuwa ga caji; Plug & Charge yana tabbatar da ababen hawa ta atomatik kuma yana isar da yanayin batirin abin hawa da iyakokin caji.
• IEC 61851- ma'aunin sadarwa na caji na asali wanda ke bayyana siginar tsakanin abin hawa da EVSE.

Tare, waɗannan ka'idoji suna ba wa ma'ajiyar jiragen ruwa damar fifita manyan motoci bisa ga lokacin tashi, aiwatar da ƙayyadadden ƙarfin lantarki a matakin wurin, da kuma shiga cikin shirye-shiryen amsa buƙatun kayan aiki ba tare da sa hannun hannu ba. Mai aika jiragen ruwa yana ganin dashboard ɗin caji iri ɗaya da mai sarrafa makamashi, yana daidaita shirye-shiryen ababen hawa da tattalin kuɗin fito.

Tattalin Arzikin Aiki a Matsayin Jiragen Ruwa

Tattalin arzikin cajin manyan motoci da BESS ke marawa baya yana inganta tare da girma da amfani. Idan aka kwatanta da wurin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki kawai, tsarin BESS yawanci yana bayarwa:

• Rage kuɗin buƙatana kashi 30–50% akan kuɗin amfani da wurin, saboda kololuwar kW na wata-wata ya yi daidai;
• Amfani da caja mai yawa, tunda caja suna aiki da cikakken fitarwa daga baturi maimakon rage ƙarfin grid;
• Ingancin aikawa, tare da haɗakar batirin da ke ɗaukar mataki na farko don haka manyan motoci suna tafiya akan lokaci;
• Zaɓaɓɓun kuɗaɗen shigadaga abubuwan da suka faru na mayar da martani ga buƙata da kuma, a kasuwannin da aka sassauta wa sassaucin ra'ayi, sulhu kan makamashi.

Biyan kuɗin da aka biya wa tashar jiragen ruwa ta BESS yawanci yana faruwa ne tsakanin shekaru uku zuwa shida dangane da kuɗin haraji na gida da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa—wanda ya fi sauri fiye da farashin haɓaka kayan aiki a yawancin yankuna, wanda galibi ya wuce farashin BESS da kansa yayin da ba a ƙara sassaucin aiki ba.

Kammalawa

Jiragen manyan motoci na lantarki suna gazawa akan wutar lantarki, ba akan makamashi ba. BESS mai tsari yana magance matsalar wutar lantarki a wurin ajiyar ta hanyar daidaita ƙarfin grid, daidaita buƙata, da kuma ba da damar caji na megawatt daga hanyoyin sadarwa na yau da kullun. Mafita mai kyau ta fara ne da zagayowar aiki na gaske na rundunar kuma tana auna daga na'urar haɗakar 200 kWh zuwa cibiyar kwantena mai 2 MWh - kowannensu an tsara shi a kusa da manyan motocin, canje-canje, da kuɗin da suka shafi wurin. Ga masu aiki da jiragen ruwa, shawarar ba ta sake zama ko za a samar da wutar lantarki ba, amma da sauri za a iya ƙaddamar da wurin ajiyar wutar lantarki mai goyon bayan BESS.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Nawa girman BESS nake buƙata don motocin lantarki guda 20?Jiragen jigilar kaya na yanki guda 20 masu matsakaicin aiki yawanci suna buƙatar ajiya mai ƙarfin 400-500 kWh tare da ƙarfin grid 400-500 kVA, idan aka yi la'akari da caji na dare ɗaya da kuma taga caji na awanni 8. Adadin ya dogara ne da kuzarin hanya, tarin canje-canje, da ƙarfin caja.

2. Shin BESS zai iya tallafawa cajin manyan motoci masu girman megawatt?Eh. Na'urar caja mai ƙarfin MWh 2 da aka haɗa da na'urorin caja masu ƙarfin 960 kW+ na iya isar da fashewar megawatt a jere saboda batirin yana fitar da sauri fiye da yadda haɗin grid ɗin ke caji, sannan ya cika a daidai lokacin da ake buƙata tsakanin gungu.

3. Tsawon wane lokaci ne wurin caji na rundunar BESS zai ɗauka kafin a fara aiki?Ana iya amfani da tarin caji na BESS cikin kwanaki; cibiyoyin da ke cikin kwantena yawanci suna ɗaukar makonni huɗu zuwa takwas, gami da ayyukan farar hula da haɗin grid. Dukansu suna da sauri sosai fiye da haɓaka na'urar canza wutar lantarki, wanda zai iya ɗaukar watanni 12-24.

4. Waɗanne mahaɗa ne na caja na rundunar BESS ke amfani da su ga manyan motoci?CCS1 (Arewacin Amurka), CCS2 (Turai da yawancin Asiya-Pacific), da MCS (ma'aunin caji na megawatt) sune manyan zaɓuɓɓukan aiki masu nauyi; NACS da CHAdeMO suna rufe takamaiman shari'o'in ababen hawa da na yanki. Tashoshin haɗin kai da yawa sun zama ruwan dare a wuraren ajiya iri-iri.

5. Shin BESS yana ƙara wa rumbun adana bayanai sarkakiya a fannin aiki?A'a, idan an daidaita EMS daidai. OCPP 2.0.1 da ISO 15118 suna ba da damar tsara jadawalin atomatik, rufe wutar lantarki, da bayar da rahoto, don haka BESS yana aiki kamar na'ura maimakon amfani na biyu.

6. Menene lokacin biyan kuɗi na yau da kullun ga tashar jiragen ruwa ta BESS?Shekaru uku zuwa shida abu ne da aka saba gani, wanda ke faruwa ne sakamakon tanadin kuɗin buƙata, rage farashin haɓaka grid, ƙarin amfani da caja, da kuma ƙarfafa gwiwa na gida. Shafukan yanar gizo masu harajin buƙata na hukunci suna biyan kuɗi da sauri.

7. Shin BESS ɗin zai iya tallafawa ci gaban jiragen ruwa nan gaba?Eh, idan tsarin ginin yana da tsari iri ɗaya. Tsarin kwantena da na kabad suna ba da damar ƙara tubalan baturi da caja kaɗan, don haka wurin yana daidaitawa da rundunar ba tare da maye gurbin shigarwar ainihin ba.