Amasu Okuphatha Amandla Ahlakaniphile Ezindawo Zanamuhla Ze-BESS

Impendulo Esheshayo

Isikhungo sokushaja sesimanje sesitoreji samandla ebhethri (i-BESS) siyaphumelela noma siyahluleka isu laso lokuphatha amandla, hhayi ihadiwe yaso. Ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile kusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha amandla olusezingeni lesayithi (i-EMS) ukuze kunqunywe njalo ukuthi kufanele lishaje nini ibhethri, ukuthi liwabela kanjani amandla phakathi kwamashaja, nokuthi kufanele likhishwe nini ukuze kushefwe kakhulu, kushintshwe umthwalo, noma kuphendulwe isidingo. Amasu amathathu anomthelela omkhulu kakhulu wokusabalalisa ukushefa okuphezulu, ukukala amandla eshaja okuguquguqukayo nge-OCPP 2.0.1, kanye nokuhlela okusekelwe entengo okusebenzisa ukusabalala kwentela. Uma esetshenziswa ndawonye, ​​anciphisa izindleko zamandla esayithi ngo-20-40%, avikele amashaja emikhawulweni yegridi, futhi adale imali engenayo entsha evela ezinhlelweni zezinsiza. Lesi sihloko sichaza uhla lwe-EMS, amasu ayinhloko, kanye nezinqubo ezenza ukuzenzekela kube okuthembekile esikalini sehabhu.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• I-EMS iwubuchopho bokulawula obuxhumanisa ibhethri, amashaja, i-PV, kanye nezindleko zegridi enkingeni eyodwa yokwenza ngcono.
• Ukushefa okuphakeme kakhulu kuyisu elibaluleke kakhulu: ukufinyeza ifasitela lesidingo semizuzu eyi-15 kunciphisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lomugqa wentela.
• Ukuphathwa komthwalo oguquguqukayo (i-DLM) kuvumela uxhumano lwegridi oluncane kakhulu ukuthi lusebenzele izindiza ezinkulu zokushaja.
• Ukuhlela okusekelwe entengo kanye nokusabela kwesidingo kuguqula isitoreji sibe yimpahla engenayo, hhayi nje ithuluzi lokugwema izindleko.
• Ukusebenzisana kwe-OCPP 2.0.1, ISO 15118, kanye ne-IEC 61851 kuyizinto eziyisisekelo zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ezingaxoxiswana ngazo.

Yini Eyenza Ihabhu Lokushaja “Lihlakaniphe” Namuhla

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, indawo yokushaja ye-EV yayiyiqoqo lamashaja axhunywe kumitha. Ishaja ngayinye yayixoxisana ngamandla nemoto ngokuzimela, indawo yayithatha noma yini eyayiyithatha, futhi umqhubi wayelungisa umonakalo ekupheleni kwenyanga. Ihabhu le-BESS elihlakaniphile lihlukile ngokwesakhiwo: ukuhamba kwamandla ngakunye kuyalinganiswa, isinqumo ngasinye siyalungiswa, futhi indawo isebenza njengempahla eyodwa elawulekayo.

Amakhono achazayo e-smart hub yile:

1. Ukulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempelaumthwalo wendawo, isimo sebhethri sokushaja (i-SoC), amandla okushaja, kanye—lapho kufanele khona—nokukhiqizwa kwe-PV. 2.Ukubikezelaisidingo sezimoto, ukukhishwa kwamandla elanga, kanye namafasitela entela. 3.Ukuthuthukisalokho kuxazulula izindleko eziphansi kakhulu noma imali engenayo ephezulu ngaphakathi kwemingcele ebonakalayo neyenkontileka. 4.Ukwenziwaethumela izimpawu zokulawula kumashaja, kuma-PCS ebhethri, kanye nendawo yokuxhuma igridi. 5.Ukuthobela imithethongezivumelwano zokuxhumeka kwegridi, imithetho yokulinganisa, kanye nezimfuneko zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi.

Ihabhu elingenawo la makhono limane nje liyipulazi elikhulu lokushaja. Ngawo, liba yimpahla yamandla lapho umqhubi angathembisa khona inkampani iphrofayili yomthwalo ophansi bese eyiletha.

Uhlu lwe-EMS: Umlawuli Wesiza, Inethiwekhi Yeshaja, Umphetho Wegridi

Ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile kusebenza ngezendlalelo ezintathu ezihlanganisiwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu kugcina konke okuthathu kuhlelekile:

Isendlalelo 1 — Isilawuli sesayithi (i-EMS).I-EMS iyona eyenza izinqumo. Ifaka idatha yentela, imingcele yempilo yebhethri, izimo zeshaja, kanye nokufakwayo kokubikezela, bese ishicilela uhlelo lokuthumela: izindawo zokushaja/zokukhipha ibhethri, imikhawulo yamandla ngeshaja ngayinye, kanye nezinhloso zokungenisa zegridi. Amapulatifomu e-EMS ezentengiselwano avuselela lolu hlelo njalo ngemizuzu eyi-1-15, kuye ngokuguquguquka kwemakethe.

Isendlalelo 2 — Inethiwekhi yeshaja.Amashaja enza uhlelo nge-OCPP. Ku-OCPP 2.0.1, i-EMS ingabeka imikhawulo yamandla aguqukayo kuyo yonke iseshini yokushaja ngesikhathi sangempela, icindezela izikhathi ngazinye ukuze igcine indawo ingaphakathi komkhawulo wayo. Lena yindlela eguqula uxhumano lwe-500 kVA lube yihabhu elinamandla angu-960 kW: amashaja asebenza ngokukhipha okuphelele lapho ibhethri liphuma, futhi anciphe uma lingaphumi.

Isendlalelo 3 — Umphetho wegridi.Indawo yokuxhumana ibika idatha yamamitha futhi, ezinhlelweni zegridi ehlakaniphile, ithola izimpawu zangaphandle—imicimbi yokuphendula isidingo, ukudayiswa kwamandla, noma ukushaya kwentengo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. I-EMS ibheka lokhu njengemingcele noma okokufaka kwentengo ekwenzeni ngcono kwayo.

Imodi yokwehluleka okufanele uyigweme ukulawula okuvalekile: uma ibhethri liphathwa ngumthengisi oyedwa, amashaja ngomunye, kanye ne-PV ngomunye wesithathu, akukho optimizer eyodwa ekhona. Yingakho amapulatifomu ahlanganisiwe [esiteshini sokushaja se-BESS](https://www.midapower.com/bess-charging-station/)—lapho i-EMS ithumela khona nebhethri namashaja—ahlala eletha imiphumela engcono kunezitaki ezinhle kakhulu eziboshwe ndawonye endaweni.

Ukuphathwa Komthwalo: Ukushefa Okuphezulu Nokushintsha Umthwalo

Amasu amabili asebenzayo okuphathwa kwamandla e-BESS hub ukushefa okuphezulu kanye nokushintsha umthwalo. Avame ukudideka, kodwa ahlose izingxenye ezahlukene zentela.

Ukushefa okuphezuluIvala isidingo esiphezulu segridi sendawo semizuzu eyi-15. I-EMS ibuka ifasitela lesidingo esijikelezayo; lapho i-peak elindelwe isondela esivalweni, ikhipha ibhethri ngamandla adingekayo. Inzuzo ukugwema i-demand-charge—ngokuvamile okuyizindleko ezinkulu kakhulu ezingalawuleka ebhilini lendawo yokushaja. Esikhungweni esine-peak engu-1.2 MW kanye nentela engu-$15/kW, ukushefa okungu-300 kW konga u-$54,000 ngonyaka.

Ukushintsha umthwaloihambisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla phakathi nesikhathi. Ibhethri liyashaja ngesikhathi esingekho ngesikhathi sokusebenza kakhulu (lapho amandla engu-$0.03–$0.06/kWh) futhi linika amandla amashaja ngesikhathi sokusebenza kakhulu (lapho amandla engu-$0.15–$0.30/kWh). Inzuzo ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zamandla kanye, kwezinye izimakethe, imali engenayo ye-arbitrage.

Ithebula elingezansi liqhathanisa amasu nge-objective, control trigger, kanye nokonga okuvamile:

I-EMS ehlelwe kahle isebenzisa eziningana zalezi ngasikhathi sinye: ukushefa intengo ephezulu, ukuhambisa umthwalo emafasiteleni entela, nokuphendula imicimbi ye-DR uma intengo ilungile.

Impendulo Yesidingo kanye ne-V2G: Isitoreji Njengempahla Yegridi

Ngale kwemitha, isikhungo se-BESS singabamba iqhaza ezinsizeni zegridi ezikhokhela ukuguquguquka. Izinhlelo zokuphendula isidingo (DR) zikhokhela izindawo ukuze zinciphise ukusetshenziswa—noma amandla okuthumela ngaphandle—lapho igridi icindezelekile. I-BESS enamandla angu-240 kW engakhipha umthwalo amahora amane imelela cishe i-1 MWh yokuguquguquka okuthuthwayo, okubiza u-$12,000–$36,000 ngonyaka ezimakethe ze-DR ezisebenzayo.

I-Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) idlulisela umqondo ofanayo enqoleni yamaloli noma yamabhasi uqobo. Ngamashaja aqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa kanye nezimoto ezinikwe amandla yi-ISO 15118, i-depot ingahlanganisa amabhethri ezimoto ezipakiwe njengesitshalo samandla esibonakalayo. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa—imingcele yokutholakala kwezimoto kumele ihlonishwe—kodwa iguqula impahla enkulu kakhulu engasetshenziswa kahle (amabhethri ezimoto ezipakiwe) ibe yimali engenayo. Iningi labasebenzi lifaka i-V2G ngemuva kokushefa okuphezulu kanye ne-DR kuqinisekisiwe, njengoba lokho kungadingi ukubambisana nezimoto.

Ukuhlela Okusekelwe ku-AI kanye Nokulawula Okubikezelayo

I-EMS esekelwe emithethweni engaguquki—“ukukhishwa kusukela ngo-4 ntambama kuya ku-9 ebusuku”—ishiya imali etafuleni ngoba imithwalo yangempela namanani ayahlukahluka usuku nosuku. Ukulawula ukubikezela kwenezela ukubikezela: i-EMS ibikezela isidingo sokushaja sakusasa esivela ku-fleet telematics, ukukhishwa kwelanga okuvela kudatha yesimo sezulu, kanye nentengo evela kumakhalenda entela, bese ilungiselela uhlelo lwebhethri kulo lonke i-horizon.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokufunda komshini kuyaqhubeka, kufundwa amaphethini esayithi masonto onke kanye nokushintsha inqubomgomo yokuthumela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Imiphumela elinganiswayo ezindaweni zokusebenza ifaka:

• Ukwehliswa kwezindleko ezengeziwe okungu-10–20%ukuthunyelwa okusekelwe emithethweni, kusukela esikhathini esingcono semijikelezo yebhethri;
• Imijikelezo embalwa yebhethri nge-kilowatt-hora ekhonzwayo, ukwandisa impilo yomjikelezo ngokufanisa amandla okukhipha nomthwalo wangempela;
• Ukuhambisana okuthuthukisiwe kwe-peak-capngezinsuku ezingavamile (amaholide, amagagasi okushisa, imicimbi) lokho kusho ukuthi awukwenzi.

Ngesiteshi sokushaja se-BESS [2 MWh esingu-960 kW megawatt] (https://www.midapower.com/2mwh-960kw-bess-charging-station-megawatt-ev-charger-solar-battery-storage-system-product/), lapho umjikelezo owodwa ongafaneleki kahle ungabiza amakhulu amadola ekuwohlokeni kanye nokweqiwa kwesidingo, ukulawula ukubikezela akuyona into yokunethezeka—kuyindinganiso yokusebenza.

Ukusebenzisana Kwephrothokholi: OCPP 2.0.1 kanye ne-ISO 15118

Lonke isu elihlakaniphile elichazwe ngenhla lincike ekutheni i-EMS ikhulume ulimi olufanayo ngamashaja nezimoto. Kunezinqubo ezintathu ezichaza lolo limi:

• I-OCPP 2.0.1— indinganiso yokushaja kusukela emuva kuya emuva. Ukusebenza kwayo kwe-SmartCharging kuvumela i-EMS ukuthi ibeke imikhawulo yamandla ngeseshini ngayinye, izilawuli zokuthengiselana, kanye nokuphathwa kwedivayisi kude. Ithatha indawo ye-OCPP 1.6J yama-hub amasha ngenxa yokuphepha okungcono (i-TLS), ukuphathwa kwamaphutha okungcono, kanye nokushaja okuhlakaniphile kwemvelo.
• I-ISO 15118— indinganiso yokushaja imoto. I-Plug & Charge iqinisekisa imoto, futhi le nqubo ithwala isimo sebhethri lemoto kanye nemikhawulo yokushaja ku-EMS, okwenza kube lula ukusetha izikhathi ezilungiselelwe kahle kunokushaja ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe.
• I-IEC 61851— indinganiso yesisekelo ye-EVSE esetshenziswa yiwo wonke amashaja esimanje, futhi esetshenziswa yi-OCPP kanye ne-ISO 15118.

Ukucacisa konke lokhu kokuthathu ngesikhathi sokuthenga kuyinqubomgomo yomshuwalense eshibhile kakhulu umnikazi wehabhu angayithenga. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-[BESS yengqalasizinda ye-EV](https://www.midapower.com/news/bess-for-ev-infrastructure-fast-flexible-and-grid-friendly-ultra-fast-charging-solutions/) ingasebenza yinoma iyiphi i-EMS yesimanje, ingajoyina izinhlelo ze-DR zesikhathi esizayo, futhi ingamukela izimoto kunoma iyiphi i-OEM ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga ze-adaptha.

Isiphetho

Ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile yikho okuhlukanisa ihabhu le-BESS nenqwaba yamabhethri. I-EMS—ehlome nge-logic yokushefa okuphezulu, ukuphathwa komthwalo oguquguqukayo, ukuhlela okuqaphela intela, kanye nezinqubo ezivulekile—iguqula isitoreji sibe umshini wokunciphisa izindleko kanye nemali engenayo ngenkathi igcina yonke ishaja iphakelwa. Abaqhubi kufanele babeke phambili ipulatifomu ehlanganisiwe kunokuthenga izingxenye, balinganise ku-OCPP 2.0.1 kanye ne-ISO 15118, bese beqala ngokushefa okuphezulu ngaphambi kokufaka i-arbitrage, i-DR, kanye ne-V2G ekugcineni. I-strategy stack ifakazelwe, iyalinganiswa, futhi iya ngomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwendawo yokushaja esindayo endaweni yayo yentela kanye neyachuma kuyo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-EMS endaweni yokushaja ye-BESS?I-EMS inquma njalo ukuthi izoshaja nini ibhethri, ukuthi ishaja ngayinye ingadonsa amandla angakanani, nokuthi izokhipha nini—ithuthukisa amafasitela entela, izivalo zegridi, kanye nesidingo semoto. Yingqondo yesofthiwe yehabhu.

2. Ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile kungonga malini endaweni yokushaja?Imiphumela evamile iphansi ngo-20–40% ngezindleko zamandla eziphelele, kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zamandla okungu-30–50% kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zamandla okungu-10–25% kusukela ekushintsheni komthwalo. Isilinganiso sokonga kanye nolaka lwentela.

3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokushefa okuphezulu kanye nokushintsha umthwalo?Ukushefa okuphezulu kuvala ukudonsa okuphezulu kwegridi kwemizuzu eyi-15 ukunciphisa izindleko zokufunwa; ukushintshanisa umthwalo kuhambisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kumafasitela entela ashibhile ukunciphisa izindleko zamandla. Zombili zisebenzisa ibhethri, kodwa zixazulula izingxenye ezahlukene zebhili.

4. Ingabe ngidinga i-OCPP 2.0.1, noma ingabe i-1.6J yanele?I-OCPP 2.0.1 inconywa kakhulu kuma-hub amasha: ingeza ukuphepha kwe-TLS, ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kwemvelo, kanye nokuphathwa kwedivayisi okungcono. I-OCPP 1.6J ihlala ilungile ekulungisweni kabusha kodwa ikhawulela ukuzenzekela kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwe-DR.

5. Ukuphathwa komthwalo oguquguqukayo kungivumela kanjani ukuthi ngibe nosayizi omkhulu wamashaja?I-EMS ivala amandla esayithi eliphelele emkhawulweni wokuxhumeka kwegridi futhi ibeka phambili izikhathi, ngakho uxhumano lwe-500 kVA lungaphatha amashaja angu-960 kW—ngalinye lisebenza ngamandla aphelele uma nje inani lihlala ngaphansi kwesivalo.

6. Ingabe isikhungo se-BESS singayithola imali ngokuphendula kwesidingo?Yebo, lapho ukuhlanganiswa kutholakala khona. Ibhethri elingu-240 kW lingachitha cishe i-1 MWh emcimbini wamahora amane, lithole u-$50–150 nge-kW ngonyaka ezimakethe ze-DR ezisebenzayo.

7. Ingabe ukuhamba ngemoto kuya kugridi kuyasebenza ezindaweni zokugcina izimoto namuhla?Ngokuqhubekayo, ngamashaja aqondiswe ohlangothini ngalunye kanye nezimoto ze-ISO 15118, kodwa kwengeza ubunzima bokusebenza. Iningi labasebenzi lisebenzisa i-V2G ngemva kokushefa okuphezulu kanye ne-DR esungulwe, bephatha amabhethri emikhumbi epakiwe njengesandiso sendawo ye-BESS.