Ingamba zo gucunga ingufu mu buryo bw'ubwenge ku bigo bigezweho bya BESS

Igisubizo cyihuse

Ikigo gishya cyo kubika ingufu za bateri (BESS) gikoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya bateri kigenda neza cyangwa kikananirwa mu ngamba zacyo zo gucunga ingufu, ntabwo ari ibikoresho byacyo. Ubuyobozi bw'ingufu bukoresha uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu ku rwego rw'ahantu (EMS) kugira ngo bufate icyemezo cy'igihe cyo gushyushya bateri, uburyo bwo kugabanya ingufu hagati y'abakoresha chargers, n'igihe cyo gusohora umuriro kugira ngo batere umuriro ukabije, bahindure imizigo, cyangwa basubize ibyo basaba. Ingamba eshatu zifite ingaruka zikomeye zipimirwa ni ugukwirakwiza umuriro ukabije, gukoresha imbaraga zidasanzwe binyuze muri OCPP 2.0.1, hamwe no gushyiraho gahunda ishingiye ku biciro bikoresha ibiciro bigabanya ibiciro by'imisoro. Bishyizwe mu bikorwa hamwe, bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu ku hantu ho gukorera umuriro ho 20-40%, birinda chargers imipaka y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kandi bikinjiza amafaranga mashya aturuka muri gahunda z'ibikorwa remezo. Iyi nkuru isobanura urwego rwa EMS, ingamba z'ingenzi, na gahunda zituma ikoranabuhanga ryizewe ku rugero rw'aho hantu.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• EMS ni ubwonko bugenzura buhuza bateri, chargers, PV, na grid tariffs mu kibazo kimwe cyo gutunganya neza.
• Gukaraba igiciro kinini ni yo ngamba ifite agaciro kanini: kurangiza igihe cyo gusaba mu minota 15 bigabanya ibiciro binini cyane.
• Gucunga umutwaro uhoraho (DLM) bituma ikoranabuhanga ritajya rikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi menshi cyane.
• Guteganya igihe bishingiye ku biciro no gusubiza ibyo ukeneye bihindura ububiko mo umutungo w’inyungu, ntabwo ari igikoresho cyo kwirinda ikiguzi gusa.
• OCPP 2.0.1, ISO 15118, na IEC 61851 imikoranire ni byo shingiro ridashobora kuganirwaho ry’igenzura ryikora.

Ni iki gituma ikigo cyo gushyushyamo umuriro kiba "cy'ubwenge" muri iki gihe

Mu myaka icumi ishize, ahantu ho gushyushya amashanyarazi hahujwe na metero imwe. Buri shajara yagiranye amasezerano n'imodoka ku giti cye, aho yakoreraga hagafatwa urugero urwo arirwo rwose, kandi umukozi yasubije ibyangiritse mu mpera z'ukwezi. Ikigo cy'amashanyarazi cya BESS gitandukanye mu miterere: buri shajara irapimwa, buri cyemezo kiranozwa, kandi aho hantu hakora nk'umutungo umwe ushobora kugenzurwa.

Ubushobozi bw'ingenzi bwa smart hub ni ubu:

1. Igipimo cy'igihe nyacyoimiterere y'umutwaro w'aho bateri ikorera, imiterere y'umuriro wa batiri (SoC), imbaraga za charger, hamwe n'aho bikenewe - PV. 2.Guteganya igihe cy'iteganyagiheiby’ibinyabiziga bikenera, imirasire y’izuba, n’amadirishya y’ibiciro. 3.Gutunganya nezaibyo bikemura ikibazo cy’amafaranga make cyangwa amafaranga menshi mu buryo bufatika n’ubw’amasezerano.Ishyirwa mu bikorwayohereza ibimenyetso byo kugenzura kuri chargers, PCS ya bateri, n'aho grid ihurira. 5.Gukurikiza amategekohamwe n'amasezerano yo guhuza grid, amategeko agenga ibipimo, n'ibisabwa mu bijyanye n'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga.

Ihuriro ridafite ubwo bushobozi ni nk'aho rinini rikoresha charger. Iyo rikoreshejwe, riba igikoresho cy'ingufu, umukoresha wacyo ashobora kusezeranya ikigo ubwiza bw'umutwaro uhoraho no kuwutanga.

Urwego rwa EMS: Umugenzuzi w'ahantu, Umuyoboro w'Abakoresha Imashini, Umuyoboro w'Ingufu

Imicungire y'ingufu ikoresheje ubuhanga ikora ku byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi, kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryiza rituma byose uko ari bitatu bihuzwa:

Icyiciro cya 1 — Igenzura ry'urubuga (EMS).EMS ni yo ifata ibyemezo. Yinjira mu makuru y’ibiciro, ibipimo by’ubuzima bwa bateri, imiterere y’imashini zishyushya, n’ibipimo by’iteganyagihe, hanyuma igatangaza gahunda yo kohereza: aho bateri ishyushya/isohora umuriro, imipaka y’ingufu zikoreshwa kuri buri mashini, n’intego zo kwinjiza umuriro mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Inzego za EMS z’ubucuruzi zivugurura iyi gahunda buri munota 1-15, bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’isoko.

Icyiciro cya 2 — Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.Abakoresha charger bashyira mu bikorwa gahunda binyuze muri OCPP. Muri OCPP 2.0.1, EMS ishobora gushyiraho imipaka y'ingufu zihinduka kuri buri gihe cyo gusharija mu gihe nyacyo, igakoresha ibyuma ku giti cyayo kugira ngo aho hantu hagume mu mubare wayo. Iyi niyo nzira ihindura umurongo wa 500 kVA ukaba ihuriro rifite ubushobozi bwa 960 kW: charger zikora neza iyo bateri isohotse, kandi zikagabanuka iyo zitayisohoye.

Icyiciro cya 3 - Inkombe y'urukuta.Aho guhuza amakuru hatanga raporo y'amakuru ajyanye n'ibipimo, kandi muri gahunda za "smart-grid", hakira ibimenyetso byo hanze—ibikorwa byo gusubiza ibyo umuntu akeneye, cyamunara y'ubushobozi bwe, cyangwa ibiciro bihindagurika mu gihe cyo gukoresha. EMS ifata ibi nk'imbogamizi cyangwa ibiciro byinjizwa mu kunoza imikorere yabyo.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda gutsindwa ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga: niba bateri icungwa n'umucuruzi umwe, charger zigacungwa n'undi, na PV ku wa gatatu, nta optimizer imwe ihari. Niyo mpamvu urubuga rwa [BESS charger station] (https://www.midapower.com/bess-charging-station/) rwahujwe—aho EMS yohereza bateri na charger—ruhora rutanga umusaruro mwiza kuruta ibyuma byiza cyane bifatanye aho biri.

Gucunga Imitwaro: Gukamura no Guhindura Imitwaro

Ingamba ebyiri zikoreshwa mu gucunga ingufu za BESS ni ugukata no guhinduranya imizigo. Akenshi ziravangwa, ariko zibanda ku bice bitandukanye by'imisoro.

Kogosha cyaneIgabanya ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'iminota 15. Ikigo gishinzwe ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima (EMS) gikurikirana igihe cyo gushakisha umuriro; iyo uburebure bw'amashanyarazi buteganijwe bwegereye uburebure bw'amashanyarazi, gisohora batiri ku ngufu zikenewe. Inyungu ni ukwirinda gushyushya umuriro - ubusanzwe ni cyo giciro kinini gishobora kugenzurwa ku fagitire yo gushyushya umuriro. Ku kigo gifite uburebure bwa MW 1.2 n'igiciro cya $ 15/kW, gushyushya 300 kW bizigama $ 54.000 ku mwaka.

Guhindura imizigoIhindura ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihe runaka. Bateri irashaja mu masaha atari ay'igihe kinini (iyo ingufu ari $0.03–$0.06/kWh) kandi igakoresha charger mu masaha menshi (iyo ingufu ari $0.15–$0.30/kWh). Inyungu ni ukugabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu hamwe n'inyungu, mu masoko amwe n'amwe, mu mafaranga yinjira mu isoko.

Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igereranya ingamba hakurikijwe intego, impamvu yo kugenzura, n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kuzigama:

EMS ikora neza ikora byinshi muri ibi icyarimwe: kogosha igiciro cyayo, kwimura umutwaro mu madirishya y'ibiciro, no gusubiza ibibazo bya DR mu gihe igiciro ari cyo gikwiye.

Igisubizo cy'Ibikenewe na V2G: Ububiko nk'Umutungo wa Grid

Uretse metero, ikigo cya BESS gishobora kwitabira serivisi z’amashanyarazi zishyura ubworoherane. Gahunda zo gusubiza ibyo abantu bashaka (DR) zishyura ahantu ho gukoresha ingufu cyangwa ingufu zo kohereza mu mahanga mu gihe amashanyarazi arimo guhungabana. BESS ifite ubushobozi bwa kW 240 ishobora gutakaza umutwaro mu gihe cy’amasaha ane ihagarariye hafi MWh 1 y’ubworoherane bushobora koherezwa, ifite agaciro ka $12.000– $36.000 ku mwaka mu masoko ya DR.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imodoka (V2G) mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (Volkswagen-to-fleet) bugera ku mashini imwe cyangwa imodoka za bisi ubwazo. Hamwe n’ibikoresho bitanga umuriro mu buryo bw’icyerekezo cy’ibiri hamwe n’imodoka zikoresha ISO 15118, ububiko bushobora guteranya bateri z’imodoka ziparitse nk’uruganda rw’amashanyarazi rukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Ibi biragoye cyane gukora—inzitizi zo kuboneka kw’imodoka zigomba kubahirizwa—ariko zihindura umutungo munini ukoreshwa nabi (bateri z’imodoka ziparitse) mu nyungu. Abakoresha benshi bashyira V2G mu cyiciro cya nyuma yo kogosha cyane no kugabanya ubwinshi bw’imodoka biragaragara, kuko ibyo bidasaba ubufatanye hagati y’imodoka.

Gahunda ishingiye ku buhanga bwa siyansi n'igenzura ry'igihe ibintu biteganyijwe

EMS ishingiye ku mategeko adahindagurika—"gusohora kuva saa yine z'umugoroba kugeza saa cyenda z'ijoro"—isiga amafaranga menshi kuko imizigo n'ibiciro nyabyo bitandukana umunsi ku wundi. Igenzura ry'ibizakorwa rishyiraho uburyo bwo guteganya igihe: EMS iteganya igihe cyo gushyushya igihe cy'ejo hazaza giturutse ku mashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, umusaruro w'izuba uturutse ku makuru y'ikirere, n'igiciro giturutse ku ngengabihe y'ibiciro, hanyuma ikanoza gahunda ya bateri mu buryo bwose.

Kongera ubumenyi bw'imashini bikomeza kure, kwiga imiterere y'urubuga buri cyumweru no guhindura politiki yo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwikora. Ibisubizo bigerwaho ku bigo bikorera birimo:

• Kugabanya ikiguzi cy'inyongera kuri 10–20%gukwirakwiza hakoreshejwe amategeko asanzwe, uhereye ku gihe cyiza cy'imikorere ya bateri;
• Bateri nke zikoreshwa kuri kilowati-saa imwe, kongera igihe cy'uruziga binyuze mu guhuza imbaraga zo gusohora n'umutwaro nyawo;
• Kunoza iyubahirizwa ry’amahame agenga urwego rw’imisoromu minsi idasanzwe (iminsi mikuru, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibintu) amategeko abuza.

Kuri sitasiyo yo gusharija ya BESS ya [2 MWh megawati 960 kW] (https://www.midapower.com/2mwh-960kw-bess-charging-station-megawati-ev-charger-solar-battery-storage-system-product/), aho uruziga rumwe rudakurikije igihe rushobora gutwara amadorari amagana mu kwangirika hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe, kugenzura ibiteganyijwe si ikintu cy’akataraboneka—ni cyo gipimo ngenderwaho cy’imikorere.

Uburyo bwo gukorana na Porotokole: OCPP 2.0.1 na ISO 15118

Ingamba zose z’ubwenge zavuzwe haruguru zishingiye ku kuba EMS ivuga ururimi rumwe hamwe n’imodoka n’imodoka. Amabwiriza atatu asobanura urwo rurimi:

• OCPP 2.0.1— uburyo bwo gushyushya hagati y’amashanyarazi n’ay’inyuma. Imikorere yayo ya SmartCharging ituma EMS ishyiraho imipaka y’ingufu kuri buri gihembwe, kugenzura ibikorwa, no gucunga ibikoresho kure. Isimbura OCPP 1.6J ku ma hubs mashya kubera umutekano mwiza (TLS), gucunga neza amakosa, no gushyushya neza hakoreshejwe ubuhanga.
• ISO 15118— uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka. Plug & Charge byemeza ko imodoka ari yo, kandi iyi protocole igenzura imiterere ya bateri y'imodoka n'imipaka yo kuyishyushya kuri EMS, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo kuyishyushya neza aho kuyishyushya ku giciro gihoraho.
• IEC 61851— igipimo fatizo cy’ibimenyetso bya EVSE gikoreshwa na buri shajara igezweho, kandi OCPP na ISO 15118 bikomeza.

Kugena byose uko ari bitatu mu gihe cyo gutanga amasoko ni yo nguzanyo y'ubwishingizi ihendutse nyir'ikigo ashobora kugura. Bizeza ko [BESS for EV infrastructure] (https://www.midapower.com/news/bess-for-ev-infrastructure-fast-flexible-and-grid-friendly-ultra-fast-charging-solutions/) ishobora gukoreshwa na EMS igezweho iyo ari yo yose, ishobora kwinjira muri gahunda za DR zizaza, kandi ishobora kwakira imodoka ziturutse kuri OEM iyo ari yo yose idafite uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo bya adaptateri.

Umwanzuro

Gucunga ingufu neza ni byo bitandukanya BESS hub n'urundi runini rw'amabateri. EMS—ifite uburyo bwo kogosha ubwinshi, gucunga imizigo ihindagurika, gahunda y'ibiciro, hamwe na gahunda zifunguye—ihindura ububiko mu buryo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi no kwinjiza amafaranga mu gihe buri shajara ikomeza gutanga charger. Abakoresha bagomba gushyira imbere urubuga rwashyizwe hamwe kuruta kugura ibice, gushyiraho uburyo busanzwe kuri OCPP 2.0.1 na ISO 15118, no gutangira no kogosha ubwinshi mbere yo gushyiramo arbitrage, DR, na V2G. Itsinda ry'ingamba ryagaragaye, rishobora gupimwa, kandi rirushaho kuba itandukaniro hagati y'aho shajara ikomeza kubaho mu gihe cy'ibiciro n'aho ikorera.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ni iki EMS ikora mu by'ukuri mu kigo cyo gusharija cya BESS?EMS ihora igena igihe cyo gusharija bateri, imbaraga buri shaja ishobora gukurura, n'igihe cyo kuyisohora—igakoresha neza ugereranyije n'amadirishya y'imodoka, imigozi y'amashanyarazi, n'ikiguzi cy'imodoka. Ni bwonko bwa porogaramu y'ikibuga.

2. Ni angahe gucunga ingufu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bishobora kuzigama ahantu ho gusharija?Ibisubizo bisanzwe ni ukugabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu ku kigero cya 20–40%, aho ikiguzi cy'ingufu kigabanukaho 30–50%, naho ikiguzi cy'ingufu kigabanukaho 10–25% bitewe no guhinduranya imizigo. Kuzigama hamwe no gukaza ibiciro.

3. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kogosha uburebure no guhinduranya imizigo?Gukata icyuma gishyushya iminota 15 bigabanya amafaranga yo gukenera; guhinduranya imizigo bihindura ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku madirishya ahendutse kugira ngo bigabanye amafaranga yo gushyushya. Byombi bikoresha batiri, ariko bikemura ibice bitandukanye by'inyemezabuguzi.

4. Ese nkeneye OCPP 2.0.1, cyangwa 1.6J irahagije?OCPP 2.0.1 irasabwa cyane ku ma hubs mashya: yongera umutekano wa TLS, gusharija neza, no gucunga neza ibikoresho. OCPP 1.6J iracyari nziza ku bijyanye no kongera gukora ariko igabanya imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza ndetse no kwitabira DR.

5. Ni gute gucunga umutwaro uhindagurika bimfasha gukuba chargers nyinshi cyane?EMS igabanya ingufu zose z’aho umuriro uherereye ku mupaka w’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kandi igashyira imbere ibihe, bityo umuyoboro wa kVA 500 ushobora kwakira 960 kW z’amashanyarazi—buri yose ikora ku ngufu zose igihe cyose umuyoboro wose ugumye munsi y’umuyoboro.

6. Ese ikigo cya BESS Hub gishobora kubona amafaranga mu gusubiza ubusabe bw'abashaka serivisi?Yego, aho guhuriza hamwe ibintu biboneka. Bateri ya 240 kW ishobora gutakaza ~ MWh 1 mu gihe cy'amasaha ane, ikabona $50–150 kuri kW mu mwaka mu masoko ya DR.

7. Ese kuva ku modoka kugera ku ruziga rw'amashanyarazi birakenewe muri fleet depot muri iki gihe?Bigenda byiyongera, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gushyushya ibyuma bireba impande ebyiri n’imodoka za ISO 15118, ariko byongera imikorere igoye. Abakora akazi benshi bakoresha V2G nyuma yo kogosha cyane kandi DR irashyirwaho, bafata bateri zo mu modoka ziparitse nk'inyongera y'aho BESS ikorera.