Ngā Rautaki Whakahaere Pūngao Atamai mō ngā Pokapū BESS Hou

Whakautu Tere

Ka angitu, ka hinga rānei te pokapū utu pūngao pākahiko hou (BESS) i runga i tana rautaki whakahaere pūngao, ehara i tana taputapu. Ka whakamahia e te whakahaere pūngao atamai he pūnaha whakahaere pūngao taumata-pae (EMS) hei whakatau tonu i te wā e utu ai te pākahiko, me pēhea te tohatoha hiko i waenga i ngā rihi, me te wā e tuku ai mō te heu tihi, te nekehanga kawenga, te urupare tono rānei. Ko ngā rautaki e toru me te pānga nui rawa atu ko te tuku heu tihi, te aukati hiko rihi hihiri mā te OCPP 2.0.1, me te whakaritenga utu e whakamahi ana i ngā horahanga taripa. Mā te whakatinana ngātahi, ka whakaitihia te utu pūngao pae mā te 20–40%, ka tiaki i ngā rihi mai i ngā rohe whatunga, ā, ka waihanga moni hou mai i ngā kaupapa ratonga. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i te hiranga EMS, ngā rautaki matua, me ngā kawa e pono ai te aunoatanga i te tauine pokapū.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ko te EMS te roro whakahaere e hono ana i te pākahiko, ngā rihi hiko, ngā PV, me ngā utu whatunga ki roto i te raruraru arotau kotahi.
• Ko te rautaki tino whai hua ko te heu i te tihi o te tono: ko te whakawhāiti i te matapihi tono 15-meneti ka tapahi i te tūemi raina taripa nui rawa atu.
• Mā te whakahaere kawenga hihiri (DLM) ka taea e te hononga whatunga iti te mahi ki ngā kahui rihi nunui.
• Mā te whakaritenga utu me te urupare ki te tono ka huri te rokiroki hei rawa moni whiwhi, ehara i te mea he taputapu karo utu noa iho.
• Ko te OCPP 2.0.1, te ISO 15118, me te IEC 61851 te tūāpapa pumau o te whakahaere aunoa.

He aha te mea e "atamai" ai te pokapū utu i ēnei rā

Tekau tau ki muri, he kohinga rihi hiko te wāhi utu hiko EV e hono ana ki te mita. Ka whiriwhiri takitahi ia rihi hiko me te waka, ka eke te wāhi ki te taumata teitei i eke ai, ā, ka whakatikatikahia e te kaiwhakahaere te kino i te mutunga o te marama. He rerekē te hanganga o te pokapū BESS atamai: ka inehia ia rere hiko, ka arotauhia ia whakatau, ā, ka mahi te wāhi hei rawa kotahi ka taea te whakahaere.

Ko ngā āheinga matua o tētahi pokapū atamai ko:

1. Ine wā-tūturuo te kawenga o te papaanga, te āhua o te utu o te pākahiko (SoC), te mana o te rihi, me—mēnā e tika ana—te whakaputanga PV. 2.Te matapaeo te hiahia mō ngā waka, te putanga hiko o te rā, me ngā matapihi utu tāke. 3.Arotautangae whakatau ana i te utu iti rawa, te moni whiwhi nui rawa rānei i roto i ngā here ā-tinana me ngā here kirimana. 4.Te Whakamatee tuku ana i ngā tohu whakahaere ki ngā rihi hiko, ki te PCS pākahiko, me te pūwāhi hononga whatunga. 5.Te Whakatutukitangame ngā whakaaetanga hononga whatunga, ngā ture ine, me ngā whakaritenga haumarutanga tukutuku.

He pāmu utu nui ake te pokapū hiko kāore i ēnei āheinga. Mā ēnei, ka noho hei rawa hiko e taea ai e te kaiwhakahaere te oati ki te kamupene hiko he kawenga papatahi, ā, ka tutuki i a ia.

Te Kaupapahere EMS: Kaiwhakahaere Pae, Whatunga Charger, Grid Edge

E toru ngā paparanga e whakahaerehia ana e te whakahaere pūngao atamai, ā, mā ngā whakatinanatanga pai rawa atu ka noho tahi ngā paparanga e toru:

Papa 1 — Kaiwhakahaere Pae (EMS).Ko te EMS te kaiwhakatau. Ka tangohia ngā raraunga utu, ngā tawhā hauora pākahiko, ngā āhua o te rihi, me ngā tāurunga matapae, kātahi ka whakaputa i tētahi mahere tuku: ngā tautuhinga utu/tuku pākahiko, ngā rohe mana mō ia rihi, me ngā whāinga kawemai whatunga. Ka whakahoutia tēnei mahere e ngā tūāpapa EMS arumoni i ia 1–15 meneti, i runga i te pikinga o te mākete.

Papa 2 — Whatunga rihi.Mā te OCPP ka whakahaerehia te mahere e ngā kaiwhakakī hiko. I roto i te OCPP 2.0.1, ka taea e te EMS te whakatakoto i ngā rohe mana hihiri mō ia wāhanga utu i te wā tūturu, me te whakawhāiti i ngā wāhanga takitahi kia mau tonu te pae i roto i tōna rohe. Koinei te tikanga e huri ai i te hononga 500 kVA hei pokapū kaha-960 kW: ka oma ngā kaiwhakakī hiko i te putanga katoa ina pau te pākahiko, ā, ka heke ina kore e pau.

Papa 3 — Tapa whatunga.Ka ripoatahia e te pūwāhi hononga ngā raraunga mita, ā, i roto i ngā kaupapa whatunga atamai, ka whiwhi tohu o waho—ngā kaupapa urupare tono, ngā hokohoko kaha, ngā pāhi utu wā-whakamahinga rānei. E whakaarohia ana ēnei e te EMS he here, he whakaurunga utu rānei i roto i tana arotautanga.

Ko te aratau rahunga hei karo ko te whakahaere motuhake: ki te whakahaerehia te pākahiko e tetahi kaihoko, ngā rihi e tetahi atu, me te PV e tetahi tuatoru, kāore he kaiwhakapaipai kotahi. Koia te take he pai ake ngā hua o ngā tūāpapa [teihana utu BESS](https://www.midapower.com/bess-charging-station/) whakauru—te wāhi e tukuna ai te EMS me te pākahiko me ngā rihi—i ngā puranga pai rawa atu kua honoa ngātahi ki te papa.

Whakahaere Utaina: Te Heu Tino Pai me te Neke Utaina

Ko ngā rautaki mahi e rua a te whakahaere pūngao o te pokapū BESS ko te whakaheke i te taumata tiketike me te nekehanga kawenga. He maha ngā wā ka pōhēhētia ēnei, engari he rerekē ngā wāhanga utu e arohia ana.

Te heu tihiKa whakawhāitihia te tono whatunga mōrahi 15-meneti o te pae. Ka mātakitaki te EMS i te matapihi tono hurihuri; ina tata te tihi matapae ki te taumata, ka tukuna te pākahiko i te mana e tika ana. Ko te painga ko te karo i te utu tono—ko te utu nui rawa atu ka taea te whakahaere i runga i te pire utu pae. I tētahi pokapū me te tihi 1.2 MW me te tari $15/kW, mā te tango i te 300 kW ka penapena $54,000 ia tau.

Te nekehanga kawengaKa nekehia te whakapaunga pūngao puta noa i te wā. Ka utu te pākahiko i ngā hāora kore-pīki (ina $0.03–$0.06/kWh te pūngao) ā, ka whakakaha i ngā rihi i ngā hāora pīki (ina $0.15–$0.30/kWh te pūngao). Ko te painga ko te whakaiti i te utu pūngao, ā, i ētahi mākete, ka whiwhi moni whakatau-whakatau.

E whakataurite ana te ripanga i raro nei i ngā rautaki mā te whāinga, te pūtake whakahaere, me te penapena noa:

Ka whakahaerehia e tētahi EMS kua tino tika te whakarite i ētahi o ēnei i te wā kotahi: te whakaheke i te tihi, te neke i te kawenga puta noa i ngā matapihi taripa, me te urupare ki ngā kaupapa DR ina tika te utu.

Te Whakautu i te Hiahia me te V2G: Te Rokiroki hei Rawa Whatunga

I tua atu i te mita, ka taea e te pokapū BESS te whai wāhi atu ki ngā ratonga whatunga hiko e utu ana mō te ngāwari. Ka utua e ngā kaupapa urupare tono (DR) ngā pae hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga—te kaweake rānei i te hiko—ina taumaha te whatunga hiko. Ko te BESS kaha-240 kW ka taea te whakaheke i te kawenga mō ngā haora e whā e tohu ana i te tata ki te 1 MWh o te ngāwari tuku, he $12,000–$36,000 te uara ia tau i roto i ngā mākete DR hohe.

Ka whakawhānuihia e te waka-ki-te-whatunga (V2G) te arorau kotahi ki te kahui taraka, pahi rānei. Mā ngā utunga taha-rua me ngā waka e whakahohea ana e te ISO 15118, ka taea e te whare putunga te whakakotahi i ngā pākahiko waka kua tū hei tipu hiko mariko. He uaua ake te whakahaere i tēnei—me whakaute i ngā here o te wātea o te kahui—engari ka hurihia te rawa nui rawa atu kāore i te whakamahia (ngā pākahiko kahui kua tū) hei moni whiwhi. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere ka whakauru i te V2G i muri i te heu nui, ā, kua whakamātauhia te DR, nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he mahi tahi a te taha waka.

Te Whakaritenga me te Whakahaere Matapae e Hangai ana ki te AI

Mā te EMS e hangai ana ki ngā ture pūmau—"te tukunga mai i te 4 i te ahiahi ki te 9 i te pō"—ka waiho te moni hei utu nā te mea ka rerekē ngā kawenga me ngā utu tūturu i ia rā, i ia rā. Mā te mana matapae ka tāpirihia te matapae: ka matapaetia e te EMS te tono utu āpōpō mai i ngā waea waea o te kahui, te putanga o te rā mai i ngā raraunga huarere, me te utu mai i ngā maramataka utu, kātahi ka arotau i te mahere pākahiko puta noa i te pae katoa.

Ko ngā whakapainga ako-mīhini ka nui ake te mahi, arā, te ako i ngā tauira ā-wiki o te pae tukutuku, me te whakarerekē aunoa i te kaupapa here tuku. Ko ngā putanga ka taea te ine i ngā pokapū whakahaere ko:

• 10–20% te whakahekenga utu tāpirii runga i te tuku ture, mai i te wā pai ake o ngā huringa pākahiko;
• He iti ake ngā huringa pākahiko mō ia kilowatt-haora e tukuna ana, te whakaroa i te roa o te huringa mā te whakataurite i te kaha tuku ki te kawenga tuturu;
• Kua whakapaitia te tutuki i ngā taumata teiteii ngā rā rerekē (hararei, werawera, huihuinga) kāore e tika ana kia ngaro.

Mō tētahi [teihana utu BESS 2 MWh 960 kW megawatt](https://www.midapower.com/2mwh-960kw-bess-charging-station-megawatt-ev-charger-solar-battery-storage-system-product/), ina taea e tētahi huringa kāore i te wā tika te utu rau tāra i roto i te hekenga me te nui haere o te tono, ehara te mana matapae i te mea papai—engari ko te paerewa whakahaere.

Te Mahi Tahi o ngā Kawa: OCPP 2.0.1 me ISO 15118

Ko ia rautaki atamai kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te reo kotahi e kōrerohia ana e te EMS me ngā rihi me ngā waka. E toru ngā kawa e tautuhi ana i taua reo:

• OCPP 2.0.1— te paerewa mai i te utu ki te pito o muri. Mā te mahi SmartCharging ka taea e te EMS te whakatakoto i ngā rohe mana mō ia wātū, ngā mana whakahaere tauwhitinga, me te whakahaere taputapu mamao. Ka whakakapia e ia te OCPP 1.6J mō ngā pokapū hou nā te mea he pai ake te haumarutanga (TLS), he pai ake te whakahaere hapa, me te utu atamai taketake.
• ISO 15118— te paerewa waka-ki-te-whakaū. Mā te Plug & Charge ka manatoko te waka, ā, mā te kawa e kawe ngā āhuatanga pākahiko me ngā here utu o te waka ki te EMS, ka taea ai ngā wā tino arotau kaua ki te utu tere-pūmau.
• IEC 61851— te paerewa tohu EVSE taketake e whakatinanahia ana e ngā rihi hou katoa, ā, e whakawhānuihia ana e te OCPP me te ISO 15118.

Ko te tohu i ngā mea e toru i te wā hoko koia te kaupapa here inihua iti rawa te utu ka taea e te kaipupuri pokapū te hoko. Ka whakamanahia ka taea te whakahaere i te [BESS mō te hanganga EV](https://www.midapower.com/news/bess-for-ev-infrastructure-fast-flexible-and-grid-friendly-ultra-fast-charging-solutions/) e tetahi EMS hou, ka taea te whakauru atu ki ngā kaupapa DR o muri mai, ā, ka taea te whakaae ki ngā waka mai i tetahi OEM me te kore he otinga urutau.

Whakamutunga

Ko te whakahaere pūngao atamai te mea e wehewehe ana i te pokapū BESS mai i te puranga pākahiko. Ko te EMS—me te arorau heu-pikitia, te whakahaere kawenga hihiri, te whakaritenga e mōhio ana ki te utu, me ngā kawa tuwhera—ka huri i te rokiroki hei mīhini whakaiti utu me te moni whiwhi, me te pupuri tonu i te whāngai i ia rihi. Me whakatairanga e ngā kaiwhakahaere te tūāpapa whakauru i te hokohoko wāhanga, te whakarite paerewa ki te OCPP 2.0.1 me te ISO 15118, ka tīmata ki te heu-pikitia i mua i te whakarārangi i te arbitrage, DR, ā, i te mutunga ko te V2G. Kua whakamātauhia te puranga rautaki, kua taea te ine, ā, kei te piki haere te rerekētanga i waenga i te pae utu e ora ana i roto i tōna taiao utu me tētahi e tupu pai ana i roto.

Ngā Pātai Auau

1. He aha te mahi a te EMS i roto i te pokapū utu BESS?Mā te EMS tonu e whakatau te wā e utua ai te pākahiko, te nui o te hiko ka whakamahia e ia rihi, me te wā e whakaweto ai—e arotau ana ki ngā matapihi utu, ngā taupoki whatunga, me te tono a te waka. Koinei te roro pūmanawa o te pokapū.

2. E hia te moni ka taea te penapena mā te whakahaere hiko atamai i runga i te papa utu?Ko ngā hua noa ko te hekenga o te utu pūngao katoa mā te 20–40%, me te whakahekenga o te utu tono mā te 30–50% me te whakahekenga o te utu pūngao mā te 10–25% mai i te nekehanga kawenga. Ka tauinehia ngā penapena mā te kaha o te taripa.

3. He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te heu tihi me te nekehanga kawenga?Ko te heu tere ka ārai i te kukume hiko 15-meneti teitei rawa atu hei whakaiti i ngā utu tono; ko te nekehanga kawenga ka neke i te whakapaunga hiko ki ngā matapihi utu iti ake hei whakaiti i ngā utu hiko. Ka whakamahia e ngā mea e rua te pākahiko, engari he rerekē ngā wāhanga pire e whakatauhia ana e rātou.

4. Me hiahia ahau ki te OCPP 2.0.1, he nui rānei te 1.6J?E tino taunakitia ana te OCPP 2.0.1 mō ngā pokapū hou: ka tāpirihia te haumarutanga TLS, te utu atamai taketake, me te whakahaere taputapu pai ake. Kei te pai tonu te OCPP 1.6J mō ngā whakahoutanga engari ka whakawhāiti i te aunoatanga me te whai wāhi DR a meake nei.

5. E pēhea ana te whakahaere kawenga hihiri e āhei ai ahau ki te whakamahi i ngā rihi rahi rawa?Ka whakawhāitihia e te EMS te mana katoa o te papaanga ki te rohe hononga whatunga, ā, ka whakaritea ngā wātū matua, kia taea ai e te hononga 500 kVA te manaaki i te 960 kW o ngā rihi—ia rihi e rere ana i te mana katoa mena kei raro tonu te tapeke i te rohe.

6. Ka taea e te pokapū BESS te whiwhi moni mai i te urupare ki te tono?Āe, mēnā kei te wātea te whakahiato. Ka taea e te pākahiko 240 kW te whakaheke i te ~1 MWh i roto i te huihuinga e whā hāora te roa, ka whiwhi $50–150 ia kW-tau i ngā mākete DR hohe.

7. He whai hua te hononga waka-ki-te-whatunga i ngā wāhi pupuri waka i ēnei rā?Kei te piki haere te uaua o te mahi me ngā taputapu utu hiko e rua ngā taha me ngā waka ISO 15118. He maha ngā kaiwhakahaere e whakamahi ana i te V2G i muri i te heu tere me te whakatūnga o te DR, e whakamahi ana i ngā pākahiko waka kua tū hei toronga o te pae BESS.