Dabaru na Gudanar da Makamashi Mai Wayo don Cibiyoyin BESS na Zamani

Amsa Mai Sauri

Cibiyar caji ta zamani (BESS) tana cin nasara ko kuma ta gaza a kan dabarun sarrafa makamashinta, ba kayan aikinta ba. Gudanar da makamashi mai wayo yana amfani da tsarin kula da makamashi na matakin wuri (EMS) don ci gaba da yanke shawara kan lokacin da za a caji batirin, yadda za a raba wutar lantarki tsakanin masu caji, da kuma lokacin da za a fitar da shi don aski mafi girma, canza kaya, ko amsawar buƙata. Dabaru uku masu tasiri mafi girma sune aski mai tsayi, rage ƙarfin caja mai ƙarfi ta hanyar OCPP 2.0.1, da kuma jadawalin farashi wanda ke amfani da yaɗuwar kuɗin fito. Idan aka aiwatar da su tare, suna rage farashin makamashin wurin da kashi 20-40%, suna kare masu caji daga iyakokin grid, da kuma ƙirƙirar sabbin kuɗaɗen shiga daga shirye-shiryen amfani. Wannan labarin ya bayyana tsarin EMS, dabarun asali, da kuma yarjejeniyoyi waɗanda ke sa sarrafa kansa ya zama abin dogaro a sikelin cibiya.

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

• EMS ita ce kwakwalwar sarrafawa wadda ke haɗa batirin, caja, PV, da kuma jadawalin wutar lantarki zuwa cikin matsalar ingantawa ɗaya.
• Aski mafi tsayi shine dabarar da ta fi daraja: rage lokacin buƙata na mintuna 15 ya rage mafi girman farashin layin haraji.
• Gudanar da kaya mai ƙarfi (DLM) yana ba da damar haɗin grid mai ƙarancin girma ya yi wa manyan jiragen caja hidima.
• Tsarin tsarawa bisa farashi da kuma amsawar buƙata yana canza ajiyar kuɗi zuwa kadarori na samun kuɗi, ba kawai kayan aikin gujewa farashi ba.
• OCPP 2.0.1, ISO 15118, da IEC 61851 su ne tushen da ba za a iya yin sulhu a kai ba na sarrafa atomatik.

Abin da Yake Sa Cibiyar Caji Ta "Mai Wayo" A Yau

Shekaru goma da suka wuce, wurin caji na EV tarin na'urorin caji ne da aka haɗa da mita. Kowace na'urar caji ta yi shawarwari kan wutar lantarki da motar daban-daban, wurin ya ɗauki duk abin da ya ɗauka, kuma mai aiki ya daidaita lalacewar a ƙarshen watan. Cibiyar BESS mai wayo ta bambanta a tsarinta: ana auna kowace kwararar wutar lantarki, ana inganta kowace shawara, kuma wurin yana aiki azaman kadara ɗaya da za a iya sarrafawa.

Abubuwan da ke ƙayyade ƙarfin cibiyar sadarwa mai wayo sune:

1. Ma'aunin lokaci-lokacina nauyin wurin aiki, yanayin cajin baturi (SoC), ƙarfin caji, da kuma—inda ya dace—samar da PV. 2.Hasashenna buƙatar ababen hawa, fitar da hasken rana, da tagogi na kuɗin fito. 3.Ingantawawanda ke magance mafi ƙarancin farashi ko mafi girman kuɗaɗen shiga a cikin iyakokin zahiri da kwangila. 4.Aiwatarwawanda ke aika siginar sarrafawa zuwa ga na'urorin caji, na'urorin PCS na baturi, da kuma wurin haɗin grid. 5.Bin ƙa'idatare da yarjejeniyoyin haɗin grid, ƙa'idodin aunawa, da buƙatun tsaro na yanar gizo.

Cibiya ba tare da waɗannan ƙarfin ba kawai babbar gona ce ta caji. Da su, ta zama kadarar makamashi wacce mai aiki zai iya yi wa kamfanin alƙawarin samun faifan bayanai mai sauƙi da kuma isar da ita.

Tsarin EMS: Mai Kula da Yanar Gizo, Cibiyar Caja, Gefen Grid

Gudanar da makamashi mai wayo yana aiki a matakai uku masu tsari, kuma mafi kyawun aiwatarwa yana kiyaye dukkan ukun a hade:

Layer 1 - Mai sarrafa shafin (EMS).EMS ita ce mai yanke shawara. Tana tattara bayanan jadawalin kuɗin fito, sigogin lafiyar batiri, yanayin caji, da kuma hasashen shigarwar bayanai, sannan ta buga tsarin aikawa: wuraren cajin baturi/fitarwa, iyakokin wutar lantarki ga kowace caja, da kuma manufofin shigo da grid. Kafofin EMS na kasuwanci suna sabunta wannan shirin kowane minti 1-15, ya danganta da yanayin kasuwa.

Layer na 2 — Cibiyar caji.Caja suna aiwatar da shirin ta hanyar OCPP. A cikin OCPP 2.0.1, EMS na iya saita iyakokin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi akan kowane zaman caji a ainihin lokacin, yana hana zaman mutum ɗaya don kiyaye wurin a cikin iyakarsa. Wannan shine tsarin da ke mayar da haɗin 500 kVA zuwa cibiyar da ke da ƙarfin 960 kW: caja suna aiki a cikakken fitarwa lokacin da batirin ya fita, kuma suna raguwa lokacin da ba ya aiki.

Layi na 3 - Gefen grid.Wurin haɗin yana ba da rahoton bayanai na mita kuma, a cikin shirye-shiryen grid mai wayo, yana karɓar sigina na waje - abubuwan da suka faru na amsawar buƙata, gwanjon ƙarfin aiki, ko bugun farashi na lokacin amfani. EMS tana ɗaukar waɗannan a matsayin ƙuntatawa ko shigarwar farashi a cikin ingantawa.

Yanayin gazawar da za a guje wa shine ikon sarrafa batirin da aka haɗa: idan mai siyarwa ɗaya ne ke sarrafa batirin, wani kuma yana sarrafa caja, kuma PV yana da ikon sarrafa PV ta uku, babu wani mai ingantawa guda ɗaya da ke akwai. Shi ya sa aka haɗa dandamalin [BESS caja](https://www.midapower.com/bess-charging-station/)—inda EMS ke jigilar batirin da caja—a koyaushe suna samar da sakamako mafi kyau fiye da mafi kyawun tarin da aka haɗa a wurin.

Gudanar da Lodi: Aski mafi girma da Canza Lodi

Dabaru biyu na sarrafa makamashin BESS hub sune aski mai ƙarfi da kuma canza kaya. Sau da yawa suna rikicewa, amma suna kai hari ga ɓangarorin kuɗin fito daban-daban.

aske kololuwar tsayiYana rage buƙatar grid na wurin na mintuna 15. EMS tana lura da lokacin da ake tsammanin ƙololuwar ta kai ga rufewa, tana fitar da batirin a kan wutar lantarki da ake buƙata. Amfanin shine guje wa cajin buƙata - yawanci mafi girman farashin da za a iya sarrafawa akan lissafin wurin caji. A cibiyar da ke da kololuwar 1.2 MW da kuɗin $15/kW, aske 300 kW yana adana $54,000 a kowace shekara.

Canjin kayaYana motsa amfani da makamashi a tsawon lokaci. Batirin yana caji a lokutan da ba a cika aiki ba (lokacin da makamashi yake $0.03–$0.06/kWh) kuma yana ba wa masu caji ƙarfi a lokutan da babu aiki (lokacin da makamashi yake $0.15–$0.30/kWh). Amfanin shine rage farashin makamashi da kuma, a wasu kasuwanni, samun kuɗin shiga na sulhu.

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana kwatanta dabarun ta hanyar manufa, abin kunna sarrafawa, da kuma tanadi na yau da kullun:

EMS mai kyau yana gudanar da da yawa daga cikin waɗannan a lokaci guda: aski kololuwar kololuwar, canza kaya a kan tagogi na kuɗin fito, da kuma mayar da martani ga abubuwan da suka faru na DR lokacin da farashin ya yi daidai.

Amsar Buƙata da V2G: Ajiya azaman Kadarar Grid

Bayan mita, cibiyar BESS za ta iya shiga cikin ayyukan grid waɗanda ke biyan sassauci. Shirye-shiryen amsawar buƙata (DR) suna biyan wurare don rage amfani - ko wutar lantarki ta fitarwa - lokacin da grid ɗin ke cikin matsin lamba. BESS mai ƙarfin 240 kW wanda zai iya sauke kaya na tsawon awanni huɗu yana wakiltar kusan MWh 1 na sassaucin aikawa, wanda darajarsa ta kai $12,000–$36,000 kowace shekara a kasuwannin DR masu aiki.

Mota-zuwa-Grid (V2G) tana faɗaɗa irin wannan dabarar ga babbar mota ko motar bas kanta. Tare da caja mai kusurwa biyu da motocin da ke aiki da ISO 15118, ma'ajiyar na iya haɗa batirin motocin da aka ajiye a wuri ɗaya a matsayin tashar wutar lantarki ta kama-da-wane. Wannan ya fi rikitarwa a yi aiki - dole ne a mutunta ƙa'idodin samun jiragen ruwa - amma yana canza mafi girman kadarar da ba a yi amfani da ita ba (batura masu ajiye jiragen ruwa) zuwa kuɗin shiga. Yawancin masu aiki suna shigar da V2G bayan an yanke kololuwa kuma an tabbatar da DR, tunda waɗannan ba sa buƙatar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin abin hawa da abin hawa.

Tsarin Tsara da Tsarin Hasashe na AI

EMS mai tsari mai tsauri—“fitarwa daga ƙarfe 4 na yamma zuwa 9 na dare”—yana barin kuɗi a kan teburi saboda ainihin kaya da farashi sun bambanta kowace rana. Kulawar hasashe ta ƙara hasashen: EMS tana hasashen buƙatar caji na gobe daga na'urorin sadarwa na jiragen ruwa, fitowar rana daga bayanan yanayi, da farashi daga kalanda na jadawalin kuɗin fito, sannan ta inganta tsarin batirin a duk faɗin sararin samaniya.

Inganta ilmantarwa ta na'ura ta ci gaba da tafiya, ta hanyar koyon tsarin shafin yanar gizo na mako-mako da kuma daidaita manufofin aikawa ta atomatik. Sakamakon da za a iya aunawa a cibiyoyin aiki sun haɗa da:

• Ƙarin rage farashi na kashi 10–20%akan aikawa bisa ga doka, daga ingantaccen lokacin zagayowar baturi;
• Ƙananan zagayawar batir a kowace kilowatt-hour da aka yi amfani da shi, tsawaita tsawon lokacin zagayowar ta hanyar daidaita ƙarfin fitarwa zuwa ainihin kaya;
• Inganta bin ƙa'idodin kololuwar-kololuwaa lokacin ranakun da ba a saba gani ba (hutu, raƙuman zafi, abubuwan da suka faru) waɗanda ƙa'idodi suka ɓace.

Ga tashar caji ta BESS mai ƙarfin megawatt 2 MWh 960 kW](https://www.midapower.com/2mwh-960kw-bess-charging-station-megawatt-ev-charger-solar-battery-storage-system-product/), inda zagayowar da ba ta da isasshen lokaci zai iya kashe ɗaruruwan daloli a cikin lalacewa tare da wuce gona da iri na buƙata, ikon yin hasashen hasashen ba abin jin daɗi ba ne—ma'aunin aiki ne.

Haɗin gwiwar Yarjejeniyar Sadarwa: OCPP 2.0.1 da ISO 15118

Kowace dabarar wayo da aka bayyana a sama ta dogara ne akan EMS da ke magana da harshe ɗaya tare da na'urorin caji da ababen hawa. Ka'idoji uku sun bayyana wannan harshe:

• OCPP 2.0.1— ma'aunin caji-zuwa-baya. Aikin SmartCharging ɗinsa yana bawa EMS damar saita iyakokin wutar lantarki na kowane zaman, sarrafa ma'amala, da sarrafa na'urori daga nesa. Yana maye gurbin OCPP 1.6J don sabbin cibiyoyi saboda ingantaccen tsaro (TLS), ingantaccen sarrafa kurakurai, da kuma caji mai wayo na asali.
• ISO 15118— ƙa'idar caji ta mota zuwa caji. Plug & Charge tana tabbatar da motar, kuma yarjejeniyar tana ɗaukar yanayin batirin motar da ƙa'idodin caji zuwa EMS, wanda ke ba da damar yin zaman da aka inganta da gaske maimakon caji mai ƙayyadadden farashi.
• IEC 61851- ƙa'idar siginar EVSE ta asali da kowace na'urar caji ta zamani ke amfani da ita, kuma wacce OCPP da ISO 15118 suka faɗaɗa.

Bayyana dukkan ukun a lokacin siyan kaya shine tsarin inshora mafi arha wanda mai shi zai iya siya. Yana tabbatar da cewa [BESS don kayayyakin more rayuwa na EV](https://www.midapower.com/news/bess-for-ev-infrastructure-fast-flexible-and-grid-friendly-ultra-fast-charging-solutions/) kowace EMS ta zamani za ta iya sarrafawa, za ta iya shiga shirye-shiryen DR na gaba, kuma za ta iya karɓar motoci daga kowace OEM ba tare da hanyoyin magance matsalar adaftar ba.

Kammalawa

Gudanar da makamashi mai wayo shine abin da ke raba cibiyar BESS daga tarin batura. EMS - mai dauke da dabaru na askewa mai zurfi, sarrafa kaya mai karfi, tsara jadawalin farashi, da kuma bude hanyoyin sadarwa - yana mayar da ajiya zuwa na'urar rage farashi da kudaden shiga yayin da yake ci gaba da ciyar da kowace na'ura mai caji. Ya kamata masu aiki su fifita dandamalin da aka hade fiye da siyan kayan aiki, daidaita su akan OCPP 2.0.1 da ISO 15118, kuma su fara da askewa mai tsayi kafin a yi layi a cikin arbitrage, DR, da kuma daga karshe V2G. An tabbatar da tarin dabarun, ana iya aunawa, kuma yana da bambanci tsakanin wurin caji wanda ya tsira daga yanayin jadawalin kudinsa da wanda ke bunƙasa a ciki.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Me EMS ke yi a zahiri a cikin cibiyar caji ta BESS?EMS tana ci gaba da yanke shawara kan lokacin da za ta caji batirin, adadin wutar da kowanne caja zai iya ɗauka, da kuma lokacin da za a cire shi—ta hanyar inganta shi daga tagogi na kuɗin shiga, murfi na grid, da kuma buƙatar abin hawa. Ita ce babbar manhajar cibiyar.

2. Nawa ne tsarin sarrafa makamashi mai wayo zai iya adanawa a shafin caji?Sakamakon da aka saba samu shine ƙarancin kuɗin makamashi da kashi 20-40%, tare da rage farashin buƙata da kashi 30-50% da kuma rage farashin makamashi da kashi 10-25% daga canjin kaya. Matsakaicin tanadi tare da tashin hankali na kuɗin fito.

3. Menene bambanci tsakanin aski mai tsayi da kuma canja wurin kaya?Aski mai tsayi yana iyakance mafi girman jan layin grid na mintuna 15 don rage cajin buƙata; canja wurin kaya yana motsa amfani da makamashi zuwa tagogi masu rahusa don rage cajin kuzari. Dukansu suna amfani da batirin, amma suna magance ɓangarorin lissafin kuɗi daban-daban.

4. Ina buƙatar OCPP 2.0.1, ko kuma 1.6J ya isa?Ana ba da shawarar OCPP 2.0.1 sosai ga sabbin cibiyoyin sadarwa: yana ƙara tsaro na TLS, caji mai wayo na asali, da ingantaccen sarrafa na'urori. OCPP 1.6J har yanzu yana da kyau don sake gyarawa amma yana iyakance shigar da atomatik nan gaba da kuma shiga DR.

5. Ta yaya tsarin sarrafa kaya mai ƙarfi ke ba ni damar yin caji mai girma?EMS tana iyakance jimlar ƙarfin wurin aiki a iyakar haɗin grid kuma tana ba da fifiko ga zaman, don haka haɗin 500 kVA zai iya ɗaukar nauyin 960 kW na caja - kowannensu yana aiki da cikakken ƙarfi matuƙar jimlar ta kasance ƙarƙashin murfin.

6. Shin cibiyar BESS za ta iya samun kuɗi daga amsawar buƙata?Eh, inda ake samun tarin abubuwa. Batirin 240 kW zai iya zubar da ~1 MWh a cikin awa huɗu, yana samun $50–150 a kowace kW-shekara a kasuwannin DR masu aiki.

7. Shin hanyoyin mota zuwa layin wutar lantarki suna da amfani a yau a tashoshin jiragen ruwa?Bugu da ƙari, tare da na'urorin caji masu juyawa biyu da motocin ISO 15118, amma yana ƙara rikitarwa a aiki. Yawancin masu aiki suna amfani da V2G bayan an yi aski mai tsayi kuma an kafa DR, suna ɗaukar batirin da aka ajiye a wurin a matsayin faɗaɗa wurin BESS.