Inganta Amsar Buƙatu a Tashoshin Cajin Smart BESS

Amsa Mai Sauri:Amsar buƙata a [tashoshin caji na BESS masu wayo](https://www.midapower.com/energy-storage-charging-station) yana nufin amfani da ajiyar makamashin batirin a wurin tare da sarrafa makamashi mai wayo don canzawa, ragewa, ko fitarwa wutar lantarki don mayar da martani ga siginar farashin grid, abubuwan da suka faru na DR na amfani, ko kiran daidaita mita. Wurin caji na EV mai girman da ya dace da baturi zai iya rage cajin buƙata da kashi 20-40%, buɗe tsarin mita da kuɗin aske kololuwa, da rage buƙatun ƙarfin haɗin grid da kashi 30-50% - yayin da yake kiyaye ƙwarewar direbobin EV ba tare da canzawa ba. Tsarin da ya yi nasara ya haɗa da sarrafawa guda huɗu: aske kololuwa, canza kaya, sarrafa kaya mai ƙarfi, da fitarwa V2G mai jagora biyu, duk an tsara su ta hanyar EMS wanda ke magana da OCPP da ISO 15118. Masu aiki waɗanda ke aiwatar da dukkan layuka huɗu galibi suna dawo da ƙimar BESS cikin shekaru 3-6 ta hanyar guje wa kuɗin buƙata, ƙarfafa DR, da sulhun makamashi.

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Bukata:

• Kuɗin buƙata, ba kuɗin makamashi ba, sun mamaye kuɗin caji na lantarki na kasuwanci; ƙaruwar kololuwar minti 30 na iya share wata guda na riba.
• Tashoshin caji masu wayo waɗanda BESS ke da su sune kawai tsarin wurin da zai iya cajin motoci da kuma sayar da sassauci zuwa ga grid ɗin.
• Aski mai tsayi, canza kaya, sarrafa kaya mai ƙarfi, da kuma fitarwar V2G suna samar da tarin ingantawa mai matakai huɗu waɗanda ya kamata a aiwatar a jere.
• Tsarin yarjejeniyar sarrafawa (OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1, ISO 15118, Modbus/DNP3) yana ƙayyade ko tashar za ta iya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen DR na amfani da kayan aiki.
• Batirin bankin 200–500 kWh mai girman 0.5–1× ƙarfin caji yana ba da mafi kyawun ROI na amsawar buƙata ga wuraren kasuwanci na yau da kullun na 120–480 kW.

Damar Amsar Buƙata da ke Ɓoyewa a Wurin Cajin Ku

Wani mai aiki a wani wuri a Turai yana amfani da na'urorin caji masu sauri guda takwas na DC mai ƙarfin 120 kW a tashar hutu ta babbar hanya. Yawan amfani da makamashi a kowane wata ba shi da yawa, amma kuɗaɗen wutar lantarki sun nuna cewa akwai wani abu da ke samar da caji mai yawa wanda ya kai kusan kashi 60% na kuɗin wutar lantarki. Dalilin haka shi ne ƙaruwar mintuna 15 a watan Fabrairu, lokacin da manyan motocin lantarki guda takwas suka isa a lokaci guda a lokacin sanyi kuma suka jawo 900 kW daga haɗin grid mai girman 800 kW.

Wannan yanayi ba abin mamaki ba ne. Kudin wutar lantarki na kasuwanci a faɗin Arewacin Amurka, Turai, da Ostiraliya yawanci yana cajin dala 5-20 a kowace kW na buƙatar wutar lantarki, wanda aka auna a cikin mintuna 15 ko 30. Ga wurin caji na EV, haɗuwa mafi girma na motoci da yawa - jiragen jigilar kaya da ke dawowa da ƙarfe 5 na yamma, ko kuma tashar bas da ke caji cikin dare ɗaya - yana haifar da irin gajerun ƙarar kaya masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke buƙatar caji. Tashar caji ta BESS mai wayo tana nan don ɗaukar waɗannan ƙarar. Batirin yana caji a lokacin tagogi masu rahusa da ƙarancin buƙata da fitarwa a lokacin lokacin buƙata mai yawa, yana daidaita yanayin nauyin wurin a mita.

Amsar buƙata ta faɗaɗa wannan dabarar daga wuri ɗaya zuwa dukkan layin wutar lantarki. Masu gudanar da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da watsawa (TSOs) suna biyan kadarorin da za su iya rage amfani ko kuma su ba da wutar lantarki ga umarni - yawanci dala 50-300 a kowace kW-shekara don alƙawarin ƙarfin aiki, tare da biyan kuɗin makamashi a kowace MWh da aka bayar a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru. Tashar caji mai amfani da batir zai iya amsa taron DR cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa ɗaya kuma ya ci gaba da fitarwa na tsawon awanni 1-4, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin kadarorin da aka rarraba mafi amsawa da kamfanin zai iya kwangila da su. Kayan aikin da ke yi wa direbobi hidima suna samun damar shiga shafin na biyu.

Yadda Tashar Cajin BESS ke Shiga Cikin Amsar Buƙata

Tashar caji ta EV mai haɗa batir babban kadara ce ta makamashi mai tashoshi uku: shigar da grid, ajiyar batir, da kuma fitar da abin hawa. Tsarin sarrafa makamashi (EMS) yana tsakiya, yana yanke shawara a ainihin lokacin inda kowace kilowatt ke gudana. Tsarin yana bin tsari mai sauƙi.

Themitar gridshine ma'anar gaskiya. Duk inganta martanin buƙata yana nufin shigo da kaya da aka auna: manufar ba ta taɓa yin amfani da ƙarin caji ba, amma rage farashin jimlar bayanin martaba.Injin BESS(yawanci 100–250 kW a kowace kabad, a cikin nau'in masu canza AC-DC ko DC-DC masu juyawa biyu) suna canzawa tsakanin grid ɗin AC da batirin DC.Tarin wutar lantarki na caja— na MIDA, wani tsarin raba wutar lantarki mai karfin 60–480 kW [tashar da ke tsaye a bene](https://www.midapower.com/dc-fast-charger-station) ko tsarin raba wutar lantarki mai karfin 360–1680 kW — yana jawo daga motar bas ta DC. A cikin tsarin da aka hada da DC, batirin yana ciyar da caja kai tsaye ba tare da yin sau biyu ba, wanda ke kara ingancin dawowa da dawowa zuwa kusan kashi 92–95%.

EMS tana aiwatar da dabarun DR ta amfani da tarin sarrafawa mai matakai huɗu:

1. Hasashen kaya na gida: EMS tana koyon tsarin caji ta hanyar sa'a ɗaya ta rana, rana ɗaya ta mako, da kuma yanayi ɗaya, tana hasashen sa'o'i 24-48 masu zuwa na kaya. 2.Farashi da shigar sigina: jadawalin kuɗin fito, sanarwar abubuwan da suka faru na kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki, da farashin kasuwa na ainihin lokaci suna zuwa ta hanyar yarjejeniya kamar OpenADR, Modbus, ko DNP3. 3.Injin ingantawa: tsarin ingantawa mai gauraya-lambobi yana magance jadawalin cajin/fitarwa na baturi wanda ke rage jimillar farashi yayin da yake girmama fifikon caja, iyakokin SOC na baturi, da iyakokin haɗin grid. 4.Aiwatarwa: ana aika jadawalin zuwa inverter na BESS kuma ana isar da shi ga masu caji ta hanyar OCPP, rage gudu ko ƙara ƙarfin aiki a kowane zaman kamar yadda ake buƙata.

EMS mai kyau zai kiyaye buƙatar da aka auna a cikin rufin laushi (misali, kashi 80% na ƙarfin haɗi) a kowane lokaci, yana ajiye ɗakin zama don abubuwan da suka faru na DR inda kamfanin ke buƙatar rage farashi mai wahala.

Dabaru Masu Ingantawa Masu Muhimmanci Waɗanda Ke Samar da Aunawa Mai Ma'auni

Dabaru guda huɗu ne suka zama littafin amsa buƙatun ga tashoshin caji na BESS masu wayo. Suna da alaƙa, kuma manyan masu aiki suna gudanar da dukkan huɗun a lokaci guda.

Aski mai tsayi shine wurin shiga saboda ba ya buƙatar kwangila ta waje kuma yana ba da tanadi daga rana ta farko. Gudanar da kaya mai ƙarfi shine mafi girman haɓakawa: [caja masu amfani da wutar lantarki ta EV DC mai wayo](https://www.midapower.com/smart-ev-dc-charger-150kw-180kw-200kw-240kw-300kw-360kw-420kw-fast-charging-station-floor-standing-dc-pile-product/) na MIDA a cikin fitarwa mai sauri na 150-420 kW a kowane zaman ta hanyar OCPP, don haka mai aiki zai iya shigar da caja biyu a kowace 120 kW na ƙarfin grid maimakon ɗaya. Tsarin mita shine sabis na musamman; yana samun kuɗi akan saurin baturi, amma yana buƙatar a yi kwangilar tashar tare da TSO ko mai haɗa.

Tarin Sarrafawa Wanda Ya Sa Amsar Buƙata Ta Yiwuwa

Batirin zahiri da na'urorin caji rabin tsarin ne kawai. Amsar buƙata wasan bayanai ne, kuma tarin yarjejeniya yana tantance shirye-shiryen da tasha za ta iya shiga.

Ya kamata masu aiki su dage kan tallafin OCPP 2.0.1 a cikin sabbin kayan aiki: yana ƙara tsaro (TLS, sabunta firmware da aka sanya hannu) da kuma manyan abubuwan caji na asali waɗanda OCPP 1.6J ba ta da su. ISO 15118-20 shine ma'aunin gefen abin hawa wanda ke canza V2G daga gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa sabis na grid; yana kula da canja wurin makamashi mai kusurwa biyu, tabbatarwa bisa ga takardar shaida, da kuma jadawalin wutar lantarki na ainihin lokaci tsakanin caja da mota. Don hanyar sadarwa ta amfani, OpenADR 2.0b shine ma'aunin de facto don abubuwan da suka faru na DR, yayin da DNP3/IEC 61850 yana da mahimmanci ga shafukan da ke son sayar da ƙa'idodin mita kai tsaye ga TSO.

Haɗin kai na wani [Module na caji na V2G](https://www.midapower.com/30kw-40kw-v2g-charging-module-bidirectional-ac-dc-converter-product/) zuwa wani wuri yana mayar da motocin da kansu zuwa batirin da aka rarraba. Na'urorin MIDA masu girman 30 kW/40 kW da na'urorin DC-DC V2G masu girman 15 kW/20 kW suna ba da damar wurin ajiya don haɗa motoci da yawa zuwa cikin wurin ajiya mai girman 1-2 MW - ƙarfin da ke shiga cikin DR ba tare da wani ƙarin kayan aikin baturi ba.

Taswirar Aiwatarwa: Daga Ciwon Rasiti zuwa Harajin Kuɗi na DR

Jerin matakai biyar yana motsa shafin yanar gizo daga lissafin kuɗi mara amfani zuwa shiga cikin grid mai aiki:

1. Duba bayanin martabar kaya.Cire bayanai na tazara na tsawon watanni 12 na mintuna 15 daga na'urar auna wutar lantarki. Gano manyan abubuwan da suka faru 10 mafi girma, tsawon lokacin da suka ɗauka, da direbansu (zuwa jirgin ruwa, yanayin sanyi, abubuwan da suka faru). 2.Girman batirin daidai.Ga wurin caji mai ƙarfin 120–480 kW, wurin cajin batirin 200–500 kWh (kimanin ƙarfin caji 0.5–1× a cikin kWh) yana rufe kashi 90% na buƙatun aski mai ƙarfi. Tashoshin BESS na MIDA na zamani - daga 120 kWh/60 kW zuwa [tsarin 482 kWh/320 kW](https://www.midapower.com/320kw-482kwh-bess-charger-mobile-ev-charging-station-energy-storage-system-product/) - yana ba da damar ƙara ƙarfin aiki a cikin tubalan da aka saba amfani da su. 3.Sanya EMS ɗin kuma haɗa na'urorin caji ta hanyar OCPP.Saita tsarin sarrafa kaya mai ƙarfi kafin taɓa shirye-shiryen DR; shi kaɗai zai iya ninka yawan amfani da wurin. 4.Shiga shirye-shiryen DR na iya aiki da makamashi.Fara da abubuwan da suka faru na DR (OpenADR), sannan ka koma kasuwannin TSO idan dokokin gida sun ba da damar shiga cikin ajiya. 5.Ƙara V2G da haɗakarwa.Yi kwangila da mai tattara bayanai don haɗa shafin tare da wasu kadarori, buɗe tsarin sautuka da kuma biyan kuɗi a kasuwar iya aiki.

Abin da Wannan ke nufi ga harkokin kasuwancinku

Tattalin arzikin martanin buƙatu shine bambanci tsakanin wurin caji wanda ba shi da daidaito da kuma wanda ke samar da riba mai kyau ga kayayyakin more rayuwa. Yi la'akari da tashar caji ta BESS mai ƙarfin kW 320 tare da ajiya mai ƙarfin kWh 482 da ke aiki a cibiyar manyan hanyoyi. Kuɗaɗen buƙatu suna raguwa da kusan kashi 30%, suna adana dala 18,000-30,000 a kowace shekara a farashin kasuwanci na yau da kullun. Adalci na TOU yana ƙara ƙarin dala 8,000-15,000 a kowace shekara. Kwantiragin DR mai ƙarfin yana ba da gudummawar dala 6,000-12,000 a kowace shekara, kuma ƙa'idodin mita suna ƙara dala 10,000-25,000 idan kasuwar TSO a buɗe take. Haɗaɗɗen fa'idodin shekara-shekara na dala 40,000-80,000 akan ƙimar BESS na kusan dala 150,000-250,000 yana sanya ramawa a shekaru 3-6 - kafin a lissafa farashin da aka kauce wa na haɓaka haɗin yanar gizo, wanda ga wurare da yawa na manyan hanyoyi ya wuce farashin batirin gaba ɗaya.

Shafukan da suka ci nasara a wasan amsa buƙatun su ne waɗanda ke ɗaukar batirin a matsayin kadara ta grid maimakon kayan haɗi na caji. Kowace kilowatt na ajiya ya kamata ta sami jadawalin aikawa, kwangilar samun kuɗi, da kuma sakamakon da aka auna. Tare da tsarin gine-gine na zamani da kuma ikon sarrafawa na asali na OCPP/ISO 15118 da ake da su a yau, babu wani shingen fasaha da ya rage tsakanin wurin caji da kasuwannin sassauci.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Menene martanin buƙata a tashar caji ta BESS?Amsar buƙata ita ce aikin rage ko canza amfani da grid na wani shafi - ko allurar makamashi da aka adana - don mayar da martani ga siginar farashi, abubuwan da suka faru na DR na amfani, ko kiran daidaita mitar grid, ta amfani da batirin tashar da tsarin sarrafawa mai wayo.

2. Nawa ne martanin buƙata zai iya rage kuɗin wutar lantarki na wurin caji na?Masu aiki galibi suna rage kuɗin buƙata da kashi 20-40% da kuma kuɗin makamashi da kashi 10-30% ta hanyar canza kaya, tare da jimlar tanadin da aka yi na dala 40,000-80,000 a kowace shekara a wuraren da ke da ƙarfin kW 300.

3. Shin direbobi suna lura lokacin da tashar ke shiga cikin amsawar buƙata?A'a. EMS yana rage ko ƙara caji a cikin iyakokin wutar lantarki na kowane zaman da aka ƙulla, kuma fitar da batirin yana rufe gibin. Direbobi suna ganin saurin caji iri ɗaya da lokutan zaman.

4. Menene bambanci tsakanin aski mai tsayi da kuma canja wurin kaya?Aski mai tsayi yana daidaita matsakaicin buƙatar wurin ta hanyar fitar da batirin a lokacin da ake buƙatar ɗaukar zafi, yayin da canja wurin kaya ke motsa amfani da makamashi daga lokacin da ake buƙatar ɗaukar zafi zuwa lokacin da ba a buƙatar ɗaukar zafi ba. Aski mai tsayi yana nufin cajin buƙata; canja wurin nauyi yana nufin ƙimar kuzari.

5. Shin tashar BESS dina tana buƙatar ƙa'idodi na musamman don shiga shirye-shiryen DR na amfani?Eh. OpenADR 2.0b don abubuwan da suka faru na DR na amfani, OCPP 2.0.1 don sarrafa caja, da ISO 15118 don V2G sune ƙa'idodin da suka fi muhimmanci. Tsoffin kayan aikin OCPP 1.6J har yanzu suna iya shiga ta hanyar EMS amma tare da ƙarancin fasaloli.

6. Shin batirin abin hawa zai iya maye gurbin BESS a wurin don amsa buƙata?A wani ɓangare. Motocin da ke da ƙarfin V2G za su iya ba da damar ɗaukar nauyin 50-150 kW na sassauƙa ga kowace ƙaramar rundunar, amma BESS da ke wurin ya kasance mai mahimmanci don tabbatar da amsawar da ake samu koyaushe - ana ajiye motoci ba tare da an yi hasashen komai ba, batura ba sa aiki.

7. Menene lokacin biyan kuɗi ga BESS a wurin caji na EV tare da inganta DR?Da dukkan matakan ingantawa guda huɗu suna aiki, ramawa yawanci tana faɗuwa cikin shekaru 3-6; shafukan da ke guje wa haɓaka haɗin yanar gizo za su iya ganin ramawa cikin shekaru 3.