Guteza imbere uburyo bwo gusubiza ikibazo mu buryo bwa Smart BESS Charging Stations

Igisubizo cyihuse:Gusubiza icyifuzo muri [ahantu ho gushyushya BESS] (https://www.midapower.com/energy-storage-charging-station) bivuze gukoresha ububiko bw'ingufu za bateri aho zikorera hamwe n'imicungire y'ingufu mu buryo bw'ubwenge kugira ngo uhindure, ugabanye, cyangwa wohereze ingufu mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibimenyetso by'ibiciro bya grid, ibikorwa bya DR, cyangwa guhamagara amabwiriza agenga inshuro. Ahantu ho gushyushya EV hafite ingano ikwiye hashobora kugabanya amafaranga yo gushyushya ho 20-40%, gufungura amafaranga yo gushyushya no kogosha cyane, no kugabanya ibisabwa ku bushobozi bwo guhuza grid ho 30-50% - mu gihe ubunararibonye bw'abashoferi ba EV budahinduka. Uburyo bwatsinze buhuza uburyo bune bwo kugenzura: kogosha cyane, guhindura imizigo, gucunga imizigo ihindagurika, no gukuraho V2G mu buryo bw'icyitegererezo, byose biyobowe na EMS ivuga kuri OCPP na ISO 15118. Abakoresha bashyira mu bikorwa inzego enye zose bakunze kwishyuza amafaranga ya BESS mu myaka 3-6 binyuze mu kwishyura amafaranga yo gushyushya, gutanga inkunga kuri DR, na arbitrage y'ingufu.

Ingingo z'ingenzi:

• Amafaranga yo gusaba, si ikiguzi cy'ingufu, ni yo yiganje mu ma fagitire yo kwishyuza amashanyarazi mu bucuruzi; kwiyongera k'umuvuduko mu minota 30 bishobora gusibanganya inyungu y'ukwezi.
• Sitasiyo zo gusharija zigezweho zifite ibikoresho bya BESS ni zo zubaka ahantu honyine hashobora gusharija imodoka no kugurisha uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzikoresha.
• Kogosha cyane, guhinduranya imizigo, gucunga imizigo ihindagurika, no gusohora V2G bigize urwego rw'ibyiciro bine rukwiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa uko bikurikirana.
• Icyiciro cya protocole yo kugenzura (OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1, ISO 15118, Modbus/DNP3) kigena niba sitasiyo ishobora kwitabira gahunda za DR z’ibikorwa remezo.
• Bateri ya 200–500 kWh ifite ingano ya 0.5–1 ×, ingufu zo gusharija zitanga inyungu nziza cyane ku isoko risanzwe rya 120–480 kW.

Uburyo bwo Gusaba Gusubiza Ibikenewe Buhishe mu Rubuga Rwawe rwo Gushyushya

Umukozi wo mu Burayi ukoresha amashanyarazi umunani ya 120 kW DC aho imodoka zihagarara ku muhanda. Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu buri kwezi ni rito, ariko fagitire z'amashanyarazi zigaragaza ko hari amafaranga y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa hafi 60% by'ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi. Impamvu ni ukwiyongera k'iminota 15 muri Gashyantare, ubwo amakamyo umunani y'amashanyarazi yahageraga icyarimwe mu gihe cy'ubukonje maze agakura 900 kW ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi ungana na 800 kW.

Iyi si idasanzwe. Ibiciro by'amashanyarazi mu bucuruzi muri Amerika ya Ruguru, i Burayi, na Ositaraliya bikunze kwishyuza hagati ya 5-20 USD kuri kW y'ubwinshi bw'ibikenewe, bipimirwa mu minota 15 cyangwa 30. Ku hantu ho gushyuza amashanyarazi ya EV, ubwinshi bw'ibinyabiziga byinshi - imodoka zitwara imizigo zigaruka saa kumi n'imwe z'umugoroba, cyangwa bisi zishyuza ijoro ryose - bitera ubwoko bw'ubwinshi bw'imizigo migufi kandi ikaze ihanishwa amafaranga. Sitasiyo ya BESS yo gushyuza irahari kugira ngo yinjize neza iyo mibare. Bateri ishyuza amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'amadirishya make kandi akenewe make kandi isohoka mu gihe cy'ubwinshi bw'ibikenewe, bigatuma imiterere y'imizigo y'ahantu igabanuka ku gipimo.

Igisubizo cy’ibikenewe cyongera iyi mitekerereze kuva ku rubuga rumwe kugera ku rubuga rwose. Abakora serivisi z’amashanyarazi n’abakoresha sisitemu yo kohereza amakuru (TSO) bishyura imitungo ishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa cyangwa igashyiramo ingufu ku buyobozi - ubusanzwe 50-300 USD kuri kW-umwaka ku nguzanyo z’ubushobozi, hamwe n’amafaranga y’ingufu kuri MWh itangwa mu gihe cy’ibikorwa. Sitasiyo yo gusharija ifite batiri ishobora gusubiza ikibazo cya DR mu gihe kiri munsi y’isegonda rimwe kandi igakomeza gusukurwa mu gihe cy’amasaha 1-4, bigatuma iba imwe mu mitungo ikwirakwizwa neza cyane ikigo gishobora gukorana na cyo. Ibikoresho bimwe bifasha abashoferi bituma ikigo kibona inyungu ya kabiri.

Uburyo sitasiyo ya BESS yo gushyushya ifasha mu gusubiza ikibazo cy'abashaka

Sitasiyo yo gushyushya umuriro ya EV ikoresha batiri ni umutungo w’ingufu ugizwe n’ibice bitatu: icyuma gishyirwamo umuriro, ububiko bw’amashanyarazi, n’umusaruro w’imodoka. Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS) iri hagati, igahitamo mu gihe nyacyo aho buri kilowati inyura. Imiterere ikurikiza urutonde rw’ingufu.

Itsindaicyuma gipima imiterere y'urukutani ukuri. Uburyo bwose bwo kunoza ibyo umuntu ashaka gukora bugamije ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu gihugu: intego ntabwo ari ukurushaho gushyushya, ahubwo ni ukugabanya ikiguzi cy'umubare rusange w'ibikoresho.Inverter ya BESS(ubusanzwe 100–250 kW kuri buri kabati, mu buryo bwa AC-DC cyangwa DC-DC converters) zihindura hagati ya AC grid na bateri ya DC.icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi— kuri MIDA, modular 60–480 kW [stasiyo yo hasi] (https://www.midapower.com/dc-fast-charger-station) cyangwa sisitemu yo kugabanyamo 360–1680 kW — ikura muri DC bus. Mu miterere ya DC-coupled, bateri igaburira charger mu buryo butaziguye nta guhinduranya kabiri, ibi bikazamura imikorere myiza yo kugaruka no kugaruka ikagera kuri 92–95%.

EMS ishyira mu bikorwa ingamba za DR ikoresheje uburyo bwo kugenzura bufite ibyiciro bine:

1. Iteganyagihe ry'umutwaro mu gace utuyemo: EMS yiga uburyo bwo gushyushya amafaranga hakurikijwe isaha y'umunsi, umunsi w'icyumweru, n'igihe cy'umwaka, iteganya amasaha 24-48 akurikira yo gushyushya. 2.Igiciro n'uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibimenyetso: ingengabihe y'imisoro, amatangazo y'ibikorwa bya DR, n'ibiciro by'isoko mu gihe nyacyo bitangwa binyuze muri protocole nka OpenADR, Modbus, cyangwa DNP3. 3.Moteri yo kunoza: gahunda yo kunoza imibare ivanze ikemura gahunda yo gushyushya/gusohora batiri igabanya ikiguzi cyose mu gihe yubahiriza intego yo gushyushya, imipaka ya batiri ya SOC, n'imipaka yo guhuza grid. 4.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa: gahunda yoherezwa kuri inverter ya BESS ikamenyeshwa chargers binyuze kuri OCPP, igatuma ingufu ziyongera cyangwa zigashyirwa ku isoko uko bikenewe.

EMS ikora neza izagumana icyifuzo cyagenwe mu buryo bworoshye (urugero, 80% by'ubushobozi bwo guhuza) igihe cyose, ikanaha umwanya wo kwita ku bibazo bya DR aho ikigo gisaba ko habaho kugabanya cyane.

Ingamba zo Kunoza Ibikorwa By'ingenzi Bitanga Ubwizigame Bupimye

Ingamba enye zigize igitabo cy’uburyo bwo gusubiza ibyo ukeneye ku bigo bikoresha BESS byo gusharija. Ziruzuzanya, kandi abakoresha bakuze bakoresha byose uko ari bine icyarimwe.

Gukata icyuma gishyushya niho hantu ho gutangira kuko nta masezerano yo hanze bisaba kandi bitanga kuzigama guhera ku munsi wa mbere. Gucunga umutwaro uhoraho niyo serivisi nziza cyane: MIDA's [smart EV DC chargers] (https://www.midapower.com/smart-ev-dc-charger-150kw-180kw-200kw-240kw-300kw-360kw-420kw-fast-charging-station-floor-standing-dc-pile-product/) mu musaruro wa throttle wa 150–420 kW buri gihe binyuze muri OCPP, bityo umukozi ashobora gushyiraho chargers ebyiri kuri kW 120 z'ubushobozi bwa grid aho gushyira imwe. Gugenzura inshuro ni serivisi nziza; ikoresha umuvuduko wa bateri, ariko isaba ko sitasiyo ihabwa amasezerano na TSO cyangwa aggregator.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura butuma igisubizo cy'ibikenewe gishoboka

Bateri ifatika na charger ni kimwe cya kabiri cya sisitemu. Igisubizo cy'ibikenewe ni umukino w'amakuru, kandi protocole stack ni yo igena porogaramu sitasiyo ishobora kwihuza.

Abakoresha bagomba gushimangira ko OCPP 2.0.1 ishyigikira ibikoresho bishya: yongera umutekano (TLS, firmware nshya zasinyweho) hamwe n'ibikoresho byo kwishyuza by'ubwenge bisanzwe OCPP 1.6J idafite. ISO 15118-20 niyo ngenderwaho y'imodoka ihindura V2G kuva kuri demo ya laboratwari ikaba serivisi ya grid; ikora ku bijyanye no kohereza ingufu mu buryo bw'icyitegererezo, kwemeza bishingiye ku cyemezo, no gushyira ingufu mu gihe nyacyo hagati ya charger n'imodoka. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga, OpenADR 2.0b ni yo ngenderwaho y'ibikorwa bya DR, mu gihe DNP3/IEC 61850 ari ngombwa ku mbuga zishaka kugurisha umurongo ngenderwaho w'amajwi kuri TSO.

Guhuza [Moduli yo gusharija ya V2G](https://www.midapower.com/30kw-40kw-v2g-charging-module-bidirectional-ac-dc-converter-product/) ihinduka ahantu imodoka ubwayo ihinduka bateri ikwirakwizwa. Module za MIDA za 30 kW/40 kW z’icyerekezo cy’ibiri na module za DC-DC V2G za 15 kW/20 kW zemerera ububiko guhuriza hamwe imodoka nyinshi muri pisine y’ububiko bwa 1–2 MW - ubushobozi bukoreshwa muri DR nta bindi bikoresho bya bateri by’inyongera.

Gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa: Kuva ku nkunga y'amafaranga y'inyemezabuguzi kugeza ku nyungu za DR

Urukurikirane rw'intambwe eshanu ruhindura urubuga kuva ku kwishyuza bidakoreshejwe (passive billing) kugera ku kwitabira ikoranabuhanga rikora:

1. Suzuma imiterere y'umutwaro.Kuramo amakuru y'igihe cy'amezi 12 y'iminota 15 uhereye ku gipimo cy'amashanyarazi. Menya ibikorwa 10 by'ingenzi, igihe byamaze, n'umushoferi wabyo (kuhagera kw'amato, ubukonje, ibikorwa). 2.Ingano ikwiye ya bateri.Ku kibanza cyo gusharija cya 120–480 kW, bateri ya 200–500 kWh (ingufu zo gusharija za 0.5–1 × muri kWh) ingana na 90% by'ibikenewe mu kogosha cyane. Sitasiyo za BESS za MIDA — kuva kuri 120 kWh/60 kW kugeza kuri [imiterere ya 482 kWh/320 kW] (https://www.midapower.com/320kw-482kwh-bess-charger-mobile-ev-charging-station-energy-storage-system-product/) — yemerera ubushobozi bwo kongerwa mu bice bisanzwe. 3.Shyiraho EMS hanyuma uhuze chargers ukoresheje OCPP.Shyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga imizigo ihindagurika mbere yo gukora kuri porogaramu za DR; ni byo byonyine bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha urubuga. 4.Jya muri gahunda z'ubushobozi n'ingufu za DR.Tangira n'ibikorwa bya DR by'ingirakamaro (OpenADR), hanyuma wimukire ku masoko y'inyongera ya TSO niba amategeko yo mu gace utuyemo yemerera kwitabira ububiko. 5.Ongeraho V2G n'iteranya.Amasezerano n'umuhuza kugira ngo bahuze urubuga n'indi mitungo, bafungure uburyo bwo kugenzura inshuro n'ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ku isoko.

Icyo ibi bisobanura ku rubanza rw'ubucuruzi bwawe

Ubukungu bw'igisubizo cy'ubusabe ni itandukaniro riri hagati y'aho amashanyarazi anyura hato na hato n'aho abyara inyungu mu rwego rw'ibikorwa remezo. Tekereza kuri sitasiyo ya BESS ya 320 kW ifite ububiko bwa 482 kWh bukorera umuhanda munini. Amafaranga yo gusaba agabanukaho hafi 30%, bigatuma habaho kuzigama hagati ya 18.000–30.000 USD ku mwaka ku biciro bisanzwe by'ubucuruzi. TOU arbitrage yongeraho andi 8.000–15.000 USD buri mwaka. Amasezerano ya DR atanga 6.000–12.000 USD ku mwaka, kandi amabwiriza yo kugenzura inshuro yongeraho 10.000–25.000 USD niba isoko rya TSO rifunguye. Inyungu za buri mwaka za 40.000–80.000 USD ugereranije na premium ya BESS ya 150.000–250.000 USD yemeza ko kwishyura ari imyaka 3–6 – mbere yo kubara ikiguzi cyo kuvugurura grid, ku mihanda myinshi irenga ikiguzi cya bateri burundu.

Imbuga zitsinda umukino wo gusaba ni izifata bateri nk'umutungo wa grid aho kuba inyongera yo gusharija. Buri kilowati y'ububiko igomba kugira ingengabihe yo kohereza, amasezerano y'inyungu, n'umusaruro upimwe. Hamwe n'imiterere ya modular na OCPP/ISO 15118-native control ihari muri iki gihe, nta mbogamizi ya tekiniki isigaye hagati y'ahantu ho gusharija n'amasoko yo koroshya.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ni iki gisubizo cy'ubusabe mu kigo cyo gushyushya cya BESS?Gusubiza ku busabe bw'abashaka ni ukugabanya cyangwa guhindura ikoreshwa ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi (grid response) w'urubuga - cyangwa gushyiramo ingufu zabitswe - bitewe n'ibimenyetso by'ibiciro, ibikorwa bya DR, cyangwa guhamagara umurongo ngenderwaho w'amashanyarazi, hakoreshejwe bateri za sitasiyo na sisitemu zo kugenzura zigezweho.

2. Ni angahe igisubizo cy'ubusabe gishobora kugabanya fagitire y'amashanyarazi y'aho nkorera amashanyarazi?Abakora muri uru ruganda bagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukenera ku kigero cya 20-40% n'ikiguzi cy'ingufu ku kigero cya 10-30% binyuze mu guhinduranya imizigo, hamwe n'ubwizigame buhuriweho bwa 40.000-80.000 USD ku mwaka bushobora kugerwaho ku bibanza bifite imbaraga za 300 kW.

3. Ese abashoferi babona igihe sitasiyo yitabira gusubiza ikibazo?Oya. EMS igabanya cyangwa yongera gusharija mu buryo bungana n'ubushobozi bwa buri gice, kandi gusohora batiri bitwikira icyuho. Abashoferi babona umuvuduko umwe wo gusharija n'igihe kimwe cyo gushyushya.

4. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kogosha uburebure no guhinduranya imizigo?Gukaraba ibirenge bigabanya igipimo ntarengwa cy’ibipimo bikoreshwa n’ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi binyuze mu gusohora batiri mu gihe cy’igihe kinini, mu gihe guhinduranya imizigo bikuraho ikoreshwa ry’ingufu kuva ku masaha ahenze y’igihe kinini kugera ku masaha ahendutse y’igihe gito. Gukaraba ibirenge bigamije kwishyurwa kw’ibikenewe; guhinduranya imizigo bigamije igipimo cy’ingufu.

5. Ese sitasiyo yanjye ya BESS ikeneye amabwiriza yihariye kugira ngo yinjire muri gahunda za DR z'ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga?Yego. OpenADR 2.0b ku bikorwa bya DR, OCPP 2.0.1 ku kugenzura charger, na ISO 15118 kuri V2G ni byo by'ingenzi. Ibikoresho bya OCPP 1.6J bya kera bishobora kwitabira binyuze muri EMS ariko bifite imikorere mike.

6. Ese bateri z'imodoka zishobora gusimbura BESS iri aho hantu kugira ngo ikibazo gikemuke?Igice. Imodoka zifite ubushobozi bwa V2G zishobora gutanga kW 50–150 z'ubushobozi bworoshye kuri buri sosiyete nto, ariko BESS iri aho iherereye iracyari ingenzi kugira ngo habeho igisubizo cyizewe kandi gihoraho - imodoka ziba ziparitse mu buryo butunguranye, batiri zo ntiziparitse.

7. Igihe cyo kwishyura BESS ku rubuga rwa EV rufite DR optimization ni ikihe?Iyo uburyo bwose bune bwo gukora neza bukora, kwishyura bikunze kuba hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6; imbuga zirinda kuvugurura umurongo w’itumanaho zishobora kubona kwishyura mu myaka 3.