Te Arotau i te Whakautu Tono i roto i ngā Teihana Utu BESS Atamai

Whakautu Tere:Ko te urupare ki te hiahia i roto i ngā [teihana utu BESS atamai](https://www.midapower.com/energy-storage-charging-station) ko te tikanga o te whakamahi i te rokiroki hiko pākahiko kei te papaanga me te whakahaere hiko atamai hei neke, hei whakaiti, hei kaweake rānei i te hiko hei whakautu ki ngā tohu utu whatunga, ki ngā huihuinga DR ratonga, ki ngā karanga whakahaere auau rānei. Ka taea e te pae utu EV whakauru-pākahiko te rahi tika te tapahi i ngā utu tono mā te 20–40%, te wetewete i ngā moni whiwhi whakahaere auau me te heu tihi, me te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga kaha hononga whatunga mā te 30–50% — me te pupuri tonu i te wheako o ngā taraiwa EV kia kore e rerekē. Ko te tauira toa e whakakotahi ana i ngā mana whakahaere e whā: te heu tihi, te nekehanga kawenga, te whakahaere kawenga hihiri, me te tuku V2G rua-ara, e whakahaerehia ana e te EMS e kōrero ana i te OCPP me te ISO 15118. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere e whakatinana ana i ngā paparanga e whā ka whakahokia mai te utu BESS i roto i te 3–6 tau mā te karo i ngā utu tono, ngā whakatenatena DR, me te whakatauira hiko.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua:

• Ko ngā utu tono, ehara i te utu pūngao, te mea e kaha ake ana i ngā pire utu EV arumoni; ka taea e te pikinga o te utu i roto i te 30 meneti te whakakore i te moni whiwhi mō te marama.
• Ko ngā teihana utu atamai kua whakauruhia ki te BESS anake te hoahoa o te papaanga ka taea te utu i ngā waka me te whakahoki i te ngāwari ki te whatunga hiko.
• Ko te heu tihi, te nekehanga kawenga, te whakahaere kawenga hihiri, me te tukunga V2G ka hanga he puranga arotautanga paparanga-whā me whakatinana i roto i te raupapa.
• Mā te paparanga kawa whakahaere (OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1, ISO 15118, Modbus/DNP3) e whakatau mēnā ka taea e te teihana te whai wāhi atu ki ngā kaupapa DR whaipainga.
• Ko te pēke pākahiko 200–500 kWh te rahi i te 0.5–1× te mana utu ka tukuna te ROI urupare-tono pai rawa atu mō ngā pae arumoni 120–480 kW noa.

Te Whai Wāhitanga Whakautu-Tono e Huna ana i roto i tō Pae Utu

E waru ngā taputapu utu hiko tere DC 120 kW e whakahaerehia ana e tētahi kaiwhakahaere o Ūropi i tētahi taunga okiokinga huarahi. He iti noa te whakapaunga hiko ia marama, engari e whakaatu ana ngā pire ratonga i tētahi nama utu e tata ana ki te 60% o te utu hiko. Ko te take he pikinga kotahi i roto i te 15 meneti i te marama o Pēpuere, i te taenga mai o ngā taraka hiko e waru i te wā kotahi i te makariri, ā, i tangohia mai he 900 kW mai i tētahi hononga whatunga he 800 kW te rahi.

Ehara tēnei i te mea rerekē. Ko ngā utu hiko arumoni puta noa i Amerika Te Raki, i Ūropi, me Ahitereiria e utu ana i te 5–20 USD mō ia kW o te tono nui, e inehia ana i roto i ngā wā 15, 30 meneti rānei. Mō tētahi wāhi utu hiko EV, ko te tūponotanga o ngā waka maha i te wā tino nui — he waka tuku e hoki mai ana i te 5 i te ahiahi, he wāhi utu pahi rānei i te pō — ka puta te momo pikinga kawenga poto, kaha e whiua ana e ngā utu tono. Kei reira tētahi teihana utu BESS atamai hei mimiti i aua pikinga. Ka utu te pākahiko i ngā wā utu iti, iti te tono, me ngā tukunga i te wā tono nui, ka whakawhāiti i te kōtaha kawenga o te wāhi i te mita.

Mā te urupare ki te tono ka horahia tēnei ariā mai i te pae kotahi ki te whatunga katoa. Ka utua e ngā kaiwhakahaere pūnaha ratonga me ngā pūnaha tuku (TSO) ngā rawa ka taea te whakaiti i te whakamahinga, te werohanga rānei i te hiko i runga i te whakahau — ko te tikanga he 50–300 USD ia kW-tau mō ngā herenga kaha, me ngā utu pūngao mō ia MWh i tukuna i roto i ngā huihuinga. Ka taea e te teihana utu e tautokona ana e te pākahiko te whakautu i tētahi huihuinga DR i raro i te kotahi hēkona me te pupuri i te tukunga mō te 1–4 haora, koia tētahi o ngā rawa tohatoha tino arotau ka taea e te ratonga te kirimana me. Ko te taputapu kotahi e mahi ana ki ngā taraiwa ka whiwhi i te pae i tētahi awa moni tuarua.

Te Whai Wāhi a te Teihana Utu BESS ki te Whakautu i te Hiahia

Ko te teihana utu hiko EV kua whakauruhia ki te pākahiko he mea nui hei rauemi hiko e toru ngā pito: te whakaurunga whatunga, te rokiroki pākahiko, me te putanga waka. Kei waenganui te pūnaha whakahaere hiko (EMS), e whakatau ana i te wā tūturu ki hea e rere ai ia kirowati. E whai ana te hoahoa i tētahi kaupapa whakarōpū māmā.

Temita whatungakoinei te pūtake o te pono. Ko ngā arotautanga urupare-tono katoa e aro ana ki te kawemai inehia: ehara i te mea ko te whakanui ake i te utu, engari ko te whakaiti i te utu o te kōtaha whakakotahi. Ko teKaitahuri BESS(ko te tikanga he 100–250 kW mō ia kāpata, i roto i te ahua o ngā kaitahuri AC-DC, DC-DC rānei e rua ngā ahunga) ka taea te whakawhiti i waenga i te whatunga AC me te pākahiko DC. Ko tepuranga hiko rihi— mō MIDA, he pūnaha wehewehe 60–480 kW [teihana tū-papa](https://www.midapower.com/dc-fast-charger-station) 360–1680 kW rānei — e tango mai ana i te pahi DC. I roto i ngā hoahoa hono-DC, ka whāngai tika te pākahiko i te rihi me te kore he tahuritanga takirua, ka whakapiki ake i te pai o te haere-hoki ki te 92–95%.

Ka whakahaerehia e te EMS te rautaki DR mā te whakamahi i tētahi puranga whakahaere paparanga-whā:

1. Matapae kawenga ā-rohe: ka ako te EMS i ngā tauira utu i ia hāora o te rā, i ia rā o te wiki, me ia wā, me te matapae i ngā hāora 24–48 e whai ake nei o te kawenga. 2.Te utu me te whakauru tohu: ka tae mai ngā rārangi utu, ngā pānui huihuinga DR ratonga, me ngā utu mākete wā-tūturu mā roto i ngā kawa pēnei i a OpenADR, Modbus, DNP3 rānei. 3.Mīhini arotau: ka whakatauhia e tētahi mahi arotau tau-whakauru te kaupapa utu/tuku pākahiko e whakaiti ana i te utu katoa me te whai i te kaupapa matua o te rihi, ngā rohe SOC pākahiko, me ngā rohe hononga whatunga. 4.Te WhakamateKa tukuna te maramataka ki te kaitahuri BESS, ka tukuna atu ki ngā rihi mā te OCPP, hei whakaiti, hei whakanui rānei i te mana mō ia wātū ina hiahiatia.

Mā te EMS kua pai te whakarite ka noho tonu te tono ine i roto i te taumata ngohengohe (hei tauira, 80% o te kaha hononga) i ngā wā katoa, ka noho tonu he wāhi mō ngā huihuinga DR ina tono te kamupene ratonga kia kaha te whakaiti.

Ngā Rautaki Arotau Matua e Whakaputa ana i ngā Penapena Ine

E whā ngā rautaki e hanga ana i te pukapuka mahi mō ngā teihana utu BESS atamai. He tautoko ēnei, ā, ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaiwhakahaere pakeke ngā mea e whā i te wā kotahi.

Ko te heu tihi te wāhi whakauru nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he kirimana o waho, ā, ka puta he penapena mai i te rā tuatahi. Ko te whakahaere kawenga hihiri te whakahoutanga tino whai hua: ko ngā [kaituku hiko EV DC atamai] a MIDA (https://www.midapower.com/smart-ev-dc-charger-150kw-180kw-200kw-240kw-300kw-360kw-420kw-fast-charging-station-floor-standing-dc-pile-product/) i roto i te awhe 150–420 kW te putanga whakatere mō ia wā mā te OCPP, kia taea ai e te kaiwhakahaere te tāuta i ngā rihi e rua mō ia 120 kW o te kaha whatunga hei utu mō te kotahi. Ko te whakahaere auau te ratonga utu nui; ka whiwhi moni mai i te tere o te pākahiko, engari me kirimana te teihana me tētahi TSO, me tētahi kaiwhakakotahi rānei.

Te Pūranga Mana e Whakahohe ai te Urupare Tono

Ko te pākahiko me ngā rihi he haurua noa iho o te pūnaha. He kēmu raraunga te urupare tono, ā, ko te puranga kawa e whakatau ko ēhea ngā hōtaka ka taea e te teihana te whakauru atu.

Me tohe tonu ngā kaiwhakahaere kia tautokona te OCPP 2.0.1 i roto i ngā taputapu hou: ka tāpirihia he haumarutanga (TLS, ngā whakahōu pūmanawa kua hainatia) me ngā pūmanawa utu atamai taketake kāore i te OCPP 1.6J. Ko te ISO 15118-20 te paerewa taha-waka e huri ana i te V2G mai i te whakaaturanga taiwhanga ki te ratonga whatunga; ka whakahaere i te whakawhiti pūngao rua-ara, te manatoko e hangai ana ki te tiwhikete, me te whakaritenga hiko wā-tūturu i waenga i te rihi me te motuka. Mō te atanga taputapu, ko te OpenADR 2.0b te paerewa tūturu mō ngā huihuinga DR, ko te DNP3/IEC 61850 he mea nui mō ngā pae e hiahia ana ki te hoko tika i te whakahaere auau ki te TSO.

Te whakaurunga o tētahi [Kōwae utu V2G](https://www.midapower.com/30kw-40kw-v2g-charging-module-bidirectional-ac-dc-converter-product/) ki roto i tētahi pae ka huri i te kahui waka hei pākahiko tohatoha. Mā ngā kōwae rua-ara 30 kW/40 kW a MIDA me ngā kōwae V2G DC-DC 15 kW/20 kW ka taea e tētahi whare putunga te whakakotahi i ngā tini waka ki roto i tētahi puna rokiroki mariko 1–2 MW — he kaha e whai wāhi ana ki te DR me te kore he taputapu pākahiko tāpiri.

Mahere Whakatinanatanga: Mai i te Mamae o te Nama ki te Moni Whiwhi a te Tari Hauora

E rima ngā taahiraa e nekehia ai tētahi pae mai i te utunga kore mahi ki te whai wāhi whatunga hohe:

1. Arotakehia te kōtaha kawenga.Tangohia ngā raraunga mō ngā marama 12 o te wā 15-meneti mai i te mita ratonga. Tāutuhia ngā huihuinga nui tekau o runga, te roa o aua huihuinga, me te taraiwa (te taenga mai o te waka, te makariri o te rangi, ngā huihuinga). 2.Kia tika te rahi o te pākahiko.Mō te wāhi utu 120–480 kW, ka ea i te pēke pākahiko 200–500 kWh (tata ki te 0.5–1× te mana utu i roto i te kWh) te 90% o ngā hiahia mō te heu nui. Mā ngā teihana BESS ā-whakawhiti a MIDA — mai i te 120 kWh/60 kW ki te [ngā whirihoranga 482 kWh/320 kW](https://www.midapower.com/320kw-482kwh-bess-charger-mobile-ev-charging-station-energy-storage-system-product/) — ka taea te tāpiri i te kaha ki ngā poraka paerewa. 3.Whakatūria te EMS ka hono i ngā rihi mā te OCPP.Whirihorahia te whakahaere kawenga hihiri i mua i te pā ki ngā kaupapa DR; māna anake ka taea te whakaneke rua i te whakamahinga o te kaha o te pae. 4.Hono atu ki ngā kaupapa DR mō te kaha me te pūngao.Tīmata ki ngā huihuinga DR ratonga (OpenADR), kātahi ka neke ki ngā mākete āwhina TSO mēnā ka whakaaetia e ngā ture ā-rohe te whai wāhi ki te rokiroki. 5.Tāpirihia te V2G me te whakahiato.Whakaritea he kirimana me tētahi kaiwhakakotahi hei whakakotahi i te pae me ētahi atu rawa, hei wetewete i te ture auau me ngā utu mākete kaha.

He aha te tikanga o tēnei mō tō pakihi

Ko ngā āhuatanga ōhanga o te urupare ki te tono te rerekētanga i waenga i tētahi wāhi utu hiko kāore e tino eke ki te taumata ōrite me tētahi e whakaputa ana i ngā hokinga mai o te hanganga. Whakaarohia he teihana utu hiko BESS 320 kW me te 482 kWh o te rokiroki e mahi ana ki tētahi pokapū huarahi. Ka heke ngā utu tono mā te 30% pea, ka penapena i te 18,000–30,000 USD ia tau i ngā utu arumoni noa. Ka tāpirihia e te TOU arbitrage ētahi atu 8,000–15,000 USD ia tau. Ka takoha te kirimana DR kaha ki te 6,000–12,000 USD ia tau, ā, ka tāpirihia e te ture auau te 10,000–25,000 USD mēnā kei te tuwhera te mākete TSO. Ko ngā painga ā-tau o te 40,000–80,000 USD ki te utu BESS o te 150,000–250,000 USD pea ka whakahokia te utu ki te 3–6 tau - i mua i te tatau i te utu karohia o ngā whakapainga hononga whatunga, e nui ake ana i te utu pākahiko mō te maha o ngā wāhi huarahi.

Ko ngā pae e toa ana i te kēmu tono-whakautu ko ērā e whakamahi ana i te pākahiko hei rawa whatunga kaua hei taputapu utu. Me whai wātaka tuku, kirimana moni whiwhi, me te hua ine ia kirowati rokiroki. Me ngā hoahoanga modular me te mana whakahaere taketake OCPP/ISO 15118 e wātea ana i ēnei rā, kāore he arai hangarau i waenganui i te pae utu me ngā mākete ngāwari.

Ngā Pātai Auau

1. He aha te urupare tono i roto i te teihana utu BESS?Ko te urupare ki te tono ko te mahi whakaiti, neke rānei i te whakamahinga whatunga o tētahi papa — te werohanga rānei i te pūngao kua rongoatia — hei urupare ki ngā tohu utu, ki ngā huihuinga DR a ngā ratonga, ki ngā karangatanga whakahaere auau whatunga rānei, mā te whakamahi i te pākahiko me ngā pūnaha whakahaere atamai o te teihana.

2. E hia te nui o te āwhina a te whakautu tono ki te whakaiti i te pire hiko o taku papa utu?I te nuinga o te wā ka whakaitihia e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā utu tono mā te 20–40% me ngā utu pūngao mā te 10–30% mā te nekehanga kawenga, ā, ka taea te penapena katoa o te 40,000–80,000 USD ia tau i runga i ngā papa hiko akomanga 300 kW.

3. Ka kite ngā taraiwa ina whai wāhi te teihana ki te whakautu i te tono?Kāo. Ka whakawhāiti, ka whakanui rānei te EMS i te utu i roto i ngā rohe mana kua whakaritea mō ia wāhanga, ā, ka kapi te āputa i te tukunga pākahiko. Ka kitea e ngā taraiwa ngā tere utu me ngā wā wāhanga ōrite.

4. He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te heu tihi me te nekehanga kawenga?Ka whakawhāitihia e te heu pīka te nui rawa o te hiahia ine o te papaanga mā te tuku i te pākahiko i te wā pīka, ko te nekehanga kawenga ka neke i te whakapaunga pūngao mai i ngā hāora nui i ngā wā pīka ki ngā hāora iti i waho o ngā wā pīka. Ka aro te heu pīka ki te utu tono; ka aro te nekehanga kawenga ki te tere pūngao.

5. Me whai tikanga motuhake taku teihana BESS hei whakauru atu ki ngā kaupapa DR a te kamupene?Āe. Ko te OpenADR 2.0b mō ngā huihuinga DR whaipainga, ko te OCPP 2.0.1 mō te whakahaere rihi, me te ISO 15118 mō te V2G ngā paerewa e whai tikanga ana. Ka taea tonu e ngā taputapu OCPP 1.6J tawhito te whai wāhi mā te EMS engari he iti ake ngā āhuatanga.

6. Ka taea e ngā pākahiko waka te whakakapi i te BESS kei te papaanga hei whakautu i te tono?Wāhanga. Ka taea e ngā waka V2G te koha i te 50–150 kW o te kaha ngāwari mō ia kahui iti, engari he mea nui tonu te BESS kei te papaanga mō te urupare kua oti te whakarite, e wātea tonu ana — ka tū ngā waka i roto i te wā ohorere, engari kāore ngā pākahiko.

7. He aha te wā whakahoki moni mō te BESS i tētahi wāhi utu EV me te arotautanga DR?I te mea e kaha ana ngā paparanga arotau e whā, ko te tikanga ka taka te utu whakahoki i waenga i te 3–6 tau; ka taea e ngā pae e karo ana i ngā whakahoutanga hononga whatunga te kite i te utu whakahoki i roto i ngā tau e 3.