Kuzindikira Kuchaja kwa EV Padziko Lonse: CCS vs CHAdeMO, V2G Evolution, ndi Miyezo ya ChaoJi

Kuzindikira Malo Ogulitsira Ma EV Padziko Lonse: Kuphunzira Kwambiri Zaukadaulo mu CCS motsutsana ndi CHAdeMO Protocols, ISO 15118 motsutsana ndi CAN Bus Communication, V2G Evolution, ndi Kutuluka kwa ChaoJi Standard

1. Chiyambi: Kusintha kwa DC Fast Charging ndi Kufunafuna Standardization

Kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka magetsi sikungosintha kayendedwe ka magalimoto koma kusintha kwakukulu kwa kugawa mphamvu ndi khalidwe la ogula. Pakati pa kusinthaku pali zomangamanga zochapira, makamaka ukadaulo womwe umalola Direct Current (DC) Fast Charging (DCFC). Popeza magalimoto amagetsi (EV) asintha kuchoka pa mapulojekiti oyesera kupita ku mayankho akuluakulu oyendera, kufunikira kwa kuchapira mwachangu, kodalirika, komanso kokhazikika kwakhala kofunika kwambiri. Komabe, njira yokhazikitsira miyezo yakhala yosiyana kwambiri. Makampaniwa afotokozedwa ndi mpikisano wazaka zambiri pakati pa zomangamanga ziwiri zazikulu: Combined Charging System (CCS) ndi muyezo wa CHAdeMO.

M'masiku oyambirira a magalimoto amakono a EV—pafupifupi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2010—malowa anali "Wild West" yokhala ndi miyezo yake komanso yoyambirira. Nissan LEAF, yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2010, idalimbikitsa muyezo wa CHAdeMO, womwe unayambira ku Japan. Yopangidwa ndi CHAdeMO Association (mgwirizano wa TEPCO, Nissan, Mitsubishi, ndi ena), inali njira yoyamba yolipirira mwachangu ya DC padziko lonse lapansi. CHAdeMO idapereka nsanja yolimba, yokonzeka kuyendetsedwa mbali zonse ziwiri yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito basi ya Controller Area Network (CAN) polumikizirana, njira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale muukadaulo wamagalimoto.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, opanga aku Europe ndi America anafuna njira yolumikizirana kwambiri. M'malo mokhala ndi madoko osiyana a AC ndi DC charging—monga momwe magalimoto a CHAdeMO anachitira—anapereka lingaliro la Combined Charging System (CCS). CCS inagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha "Combo" chomwe chinawonjezera ma DC pin ku miyezo ya AC yomwe ilipo (Mtundu 1 ku North America ndi Mtundu 2 ku Europe). Kupatula cholumikizira chenicheni, CCS inasankha njira yosiyana kwambiri yolumikizirana: Power Line Communication (PLC) kutengera miyezo ya ISO 15118 ndi DIN 70121.

Kusiyana kwa zomangamanga kumeneku kunapanga msika wogawanika. Kwa zaka zoposa khumi, madalaivala a EV, oyendetsa malo ochaja (CPO), ndi opanga magalimoto akhala akuyenda m'malo ovuta pomwe kugwirizana kwa magalimoto kumadalira malo ndi zomwe opanga amakonda. Mpikisano pakati pa CCS ndi CHAdeMO suli wokhudza mawonekedwe a pulagi yokha; ndi nkhondo ya nzeru zolumikizirana, madera ozungulira, ndi mphamvu za ndale.

Pamene tikuyang'ana m'zaka za m'ma 2030, zinthu zikusinthanso. Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa North American Charging Standard (NACS)—yomwe kwenikweni imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ya CCS mwanjira ina—ndi chitukuko cha muyezo wotsatira wa ChaoJi, makampaniwa akupita patsogolo ku mgwirizano womwe ungatheke, ngakhale wosasangalatsa. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kusanthula kwaukadaulo kozama kwa kusiyana pakati pa CCS ndi CHAdeMO, kufufuza tsatanetsatane wa ma connection stacks awo, fizikisi ya ma connectors awo, mphamvu zamsika zomwe zikuyendetsa kusintha kwawo, komanso tsogolo la ultra-high-power charging.

2. Ma Protocol Olumikizirana: ISO 15118 (PLC) motsutsana ndi CHAdeMO (CAN)

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwaukadaulo pakati pa CCS ndi CHAdeMO kuli mu momwe galimoto (EV) ndi Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) zimalankhulirana. Kulankhulana kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri poyang'anira chitetezo, kutsimikizira momwe batire lilili, kukambirana za magetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe alipo, komanso kusamalira zambiri zolipirira.

2.1 Njira ya CHAdeMO: Kulankhulana kwa Basi la CAN

CHAdeMO imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya basi ya Controller Area Network (CAN). Ponena za uinjiniya wamagalimoto, CAN ndiye "chilankhulo chofala." Idapangidwa ndi Bosch m'zaka za m'ma 1980 kuti ilumikizane mwamphamvu komanso mopanda phokoso pakati pa mayunitsi owongolera zamagetsi (ECUs) mkati mwa galimoto. CHAdeMO imagwiritsa ntchito CAN awiri apadera mkati mwa chingwe chochajira kuti ithandize kugwirana chanza pakati pa chochajira ndi galimoto.

Protocol ya CHAdeMO ndi yosavuta. Imatsatira mndandanda wa zizindikiro zomveka bwino. Pamene pulagi ya CHAdeMO yaikidwa, chizindikiro chenicheni cha 12V chimayambitsa njirayi. Galimoto ndi chojambuliracho zimasinthirana mfundo zoyambira kudzera mu basi ya CAN, monga mphamvu yayikulu yomwe batire ingalandire komanso mphamvu yayikulu yomwe chojambuliracho chingapereke. Chifukwa CAN ndi protocol yocheperako, yokhazikika nthawi yeniyeni, CHAdeMO imatha kuyankha mwachangu kwambiri kusintha kwa momwe batire ilili kapena kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo.

Chimodzi mwa zabwino zazikulu za kapangidwe ka CHAdeMO/CAN ndi chithandizo chake cha kayendedwe ka mphamvu mbali zonse ziwiri (V2G/V2H). Chifukwa chakuti kulumikizanaku kumachokera pa ma CAN ID osavuta komanso omveka bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a galimoto kupita ku gridi kunali kotheka kuyambira pachiyambi. CHAdeMO imalola chojambulira kupempha mphamvu kuchokera ku batire ya galimoto, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kulamulira pafupipafupi komanso mphamvu yosungira zinthu kunyumba.

2.2 Njira ya CCS: PLC ndi ISO 15118

CCS imagwiritsa ntchito njira yovuta kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito Power Line Communication (PLC). Makamaka, CCS imagwiritsa ntchito HomePlug Green PHY standard kutumiza deta ya pafupipafupi kwambiri kudzera pa Control Pilot (CP) pin ya cholumikizira. Deta iyi imatanthauziridwa kudzera mu lens ya miyezo ya ISO 15118 ndi DIN 70121.

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusankha PLC kuposa CAN? Chifukwa chachikulu chinali kuletsa mtsogolo komanso kuthekera kwa deta. ISO 15118 sinapangidwe kuti ingokhala yowongolera kuyatsa, komanso ngati njira yolumikizirana ya digito yonse. Imathandizira zinthu zapamwamba monga "Plug & Charge," komwe galimotoyo imadzizindikiritsa yokha ndikuchita zolipira zokha popanda kufunikira khadi la RFID kapena pulogalamu yam'manja. Kuti zithandizire kubisa ndi kapangidwe ka deta kovuta komwe kumafunikira pazinthu izi, bandwidth yayikulu kuposa yomwe basi ya CAN imapereka idawonedwa kuti ndiyofunikira.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito PLC kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri. Chifukwa chakuti pini ya CP imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa chizindikiro choyambira cha Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) (chomwe chimachokera ku muyezo wochapira wa J1772 AC), chizindikiro cha PLC chiyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba pa chizindikiro cha analog ichi. Izi zimafuna ma transceivers ndi zosefera zapamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti phokoso lamagetsi kuchokera ku njira yochapira ya DC yamphamvu kwambiri silikuwononga kulumikizana. Njira ya "kugwirana chanza" mu CCS ndi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi ya CHAdeMO chifukwa dongosololi liyenera kukhazikitsa ulalo wa netiweki, kuchita kulumikizana kochokera ku IP (TCP/IPv6), ndikusinthirana mauthenga ochokera ku XML.

2.3 Chidule cha Kuyerekeza kwa Protocol

Kusinthanitsa pakati pa CAN ndi PLC ndi njira yosavuta poyerekeza ndi kuthekera. Dongosolo la CAN la CHAdeMO ndi lachangu, lodalirika, komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma lilibe njira yolumikizirana yolimba komanso yofunikira kuti pakhale kuyenda bwino padziko lonse lapansi komanso kusinthana deta kwapamwamba. Dongosolo la CCS la ISO 15118/PLC ndi njira yolumikizirana yamphamvu, yogwirizana ndi makampani yomwe imalola zinthu zapamwamba zanzeru, koma imabwera chifukwa cha zovuta za hardware komanso malo olumikizirana osalimba.

3. Underlying Circuit Topology ndi Power Electronics

Kusiyana pakati pa CCS ndi CHAdeMO kumapitirira mapulogalamu ndi kulumikizana mpaka pa kapangidwe ka magetsi kofunikira kwambiri ka njira yochajira. Makina onse awiriwa cholinga chake ndi kupereka DC yamagetsi amphamvu mwachindunji ku batire, kudutsa chosinthira cha AC-to-DC cha galimotoyo, koma amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi amphamvu komanso kudzipatula kwa chitetezo m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

3.1 Kugwirana Chanza ndi Malupu Otetezera

Mu DC fast charging, EVSE kwenikweni ndi DC yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi galimotoyo. Chitetezo cha dongosololi chimadalira zida ndi mapulogalamu owonjezera.

ChadeMO Topology:CHAdeMO imagwiritsa ntchito ma contactor angapo ndi mizere ya chizindikiro cha 12V kuti iyendetse bwino momwe dera loyatsira magetsi lilili. Ndondomeko yake ndi iyi:

1. Kulumikizana ndi kuzindikira thupi.
2. Chizindikiro cha 12V chogwirana chamanja kuchokera ku EV kupita ku EVSE.
3. Kulankhulana kwa mabasi a CAN kwayamba.
4. EVSE imachita mayeso oteteza kutentha kuti iwonetsetse kuti palibe zolakwika za nthaka mu chingwe kapena cholumikizira.
5. Galimotoyo yatseka ma contactor ake amkati a DC.
6. EVSE imayamba kupereka magetsi.

Dongosolo la CHAdeMO lapangidwa kuti likhale "losatetezeka" pamlingo wa hardware. Ngati chizindikiro cha 12V chatayika, EVSE iyenera kuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo kuyenda kwa magetsi.

Chilengedwe cha CCS:CCS imagwiritsa ntchito topology yogwirizana kwambiri yochokera ku miyezo ya AC charging. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma pin a Control Pilot (CP) ndi Proximity Pilot (PP).

1. Pini ya PP imasonyeza kuti pulagi yalowetsedwa ndipo latch yatsekedwa.
2. Pini ya CP imagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha PWM kusonyeza momwe EVSE ilili komanso momwe ilili panopa.
3. Kulankhulana kwa PLC kumakhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa mzere wa CP.
4. Kukambirana kwa digito kumachitika kudzera mu ISO 15118.
5. Kuyang'anira kudzipatula kumachitika.
6. Ma contactor a DC atsekedwa.

Mu CCS, kusintha kuchoka pa AC kupita ku DC charging kumachitika ndi Control Pilot logic yomweyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti opanga apange magalimoto omwe amathandizira mitundu yonse iwiri ya charging kudzera pa doko limodzi logwirizana.

3.2 Mphamvu ndi Malire a Kutentha

Zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zili mkati mwa malo ochapira ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yosintha magetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi mosinthasintha.

• CHAdeMO:M'mbuyomu, CHAdeMO inali ndi mphamvu zochepa pa 50 kW (500V, 125A). Ngakhale kuti muyezo wasinthidwa (CHAdeMO 2.0) kuti uthandize mpaka 400 kW, magalimoto ochepa kapena ma charger ndi omwe agwiritsa ntchito milingo yapamwambayi. Kuletsa kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotentha; popanda kuzizira kwamadzimadzi mu chingwe, kupirira mphamvu yoposa 200A kumakhala kovuta kwa cholumikizira cha CHAdeMO chifukwa cha kukana kukhudzana.
• CCS:CCS idapangidwa poganizira za denga lalitali. Pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndi zolumikizira, CCS2 (mtundu wa ku Europe) imatha kusunga mafunde amagetsi mpaka 500A ndi ma voltage mpaka 1000V, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro la kuchaja likhale 350 kW ndi kupitirira apo. Kapangidwe ka CCS, makamaka mu mtundu wa Type 2, kamapereka malo abwino kwambiri a ma DC pin amphamvu kwambiri, kuchepetsa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa pamalo olumikizirana.

3.3 Kuyang'anira Kupatula ndi Kukhazikitsa Pansi

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya DC circuit topology ndi isolation monitoring system (IMS). Popeza DC fast charging imakhudza ma voltages omwe angapitirire 800V, makinawa ayenera kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kukana pakati pa ma DC rails abwino/oipa ndi malo a chassis.

• Ma charger a CHAdeMO nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi IMS yolumikizidwa yomwe imatseka gawo lamagetsi ngati kudzipatula kutsika pansi pa malire enaake (nthawi zambiri 100 ohms pa volt).
• Machitidwe a CCS amafunikanso kuyang'aniridwa kwa kudzipatula, koma chifukwa kulumikizana kwa PLC kumachitika pa CP pin (yomwe imatchulidwa pansi), pali chiopsezo cha malingaliro cha kusokoneza pakati pa ma DC rails amphamvu kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cholumikizirana ngati kudzipatula kwasokonekera. Kusefa kwapamwamba mu zida za CCS ndikofunikira kuti izi zichepetse.

3.4 Zamagetsi Zamagetsi Zoyang'ana Mbali Ziwiri

Ma circuit topology a bidirectional charging ndi ovuta kwambiri. Amafuna inverter mkati mwa EVSE (kapena galimoto) yomwe ingagwirizane ndi ma AC frequency a grid.

• CHAdeMO:Muyezowu umafotokoza njira ya V2X (Galimoto kupita ku Chilichonse) pamlingo wa CAN, zomwe zimathandiza kuti choyatsira chakunja chizigwira ntchito ngati chosinthira magetsi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zamagetsi zagalimoto zikhale zosavuta koma zimapangitsa kuti "choyatsira cha V2G" chikhale chokwera mtengo kwambiri.
• CCS:Muyezo wa ISO 15118-20 (womwe ndi watsopano) pamapeto pake umabweretsa chithandizo champhamvu cha mbali ziwiri ku CCS. Komabe, kukhazikitsa izi kumafuna kusintha kwakukulu pamagetsi amphamvu omwe ali mgalimoto ndi gulu lolumikizirana la PLC, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a V2G m'magalimoto ogwirizana ndi CCS achepe poyerekeza ndi magalimoto ena a CHAdeMO.

[Idzapitilizidwa mu zosintha zotsatira...]

4. Uinjiniya wa Cholumikizira: Mphamvu ya Makina, Kuyang'anira Kutentha, ndi Kuyesa Chitetezo

Kulumikizana kwapakati pa EV ndi chojambulira ndi luso laukadaulo wolondola. Iyenera kugwira ma kilowatts mazana ambiri a mphamvu, kupirira maulendo ambirimbiri olumikizirana, komanso kupirira nyengo yoipa kwambiri komanso kukhala yotetezeka kwa ogula wamba. Malingaliro a kapangidwe ka zolumikizira za CCS ndi CHAdeMO akuyimira njira ziwiri zosiyana zothetsera mavutowa.

4.1 Kapangidwe ka Makina ndi Njira Zotsekera

Cholumikizira cha DC fast charging si pulagi yokha; ndi cholumikizira chotsekedwa komanso chamagetsi amphamvu.

• Cholumikizira cha CHAdeMO:Pulagi ya CHAdeMO imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake akuluakulu, ozungulira komanso cholumikizira chake chamakina. Imagwiritsa ntchito mapini angapo amagetsi ndi chizindikiro. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka CHAdeMO ndikuti njira yotsekera nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa mu cholumikizira chokha. Wogwiritsa ntchito akakanikiza choyambitsa ndikuyika pulagi, ma interlocks amakina amaonetsetsa kuti sangachotsedwe pamene magetsi akuyenda. Mapiniwo adapangidwa kuti "aphimbidwe" kuti apewe kukhudzana mwangozi, ndipo cholumikiziracho chimapangidwa kuti chizitha kuthana ndi kugwa kwakukulu ndi kugundana.
• Cholumikizira cha CCS (Combo 1 & Combo 2):Cholumikizira cha CCS ndi kusintha kwa mapulagi a AC a Type 1 (J1772) ndi Type 2 (Mennekes). Chimawonjezera ma power pin awiri akuluakulu a DC pansi pa seti ya AC pin. Mosiyana ndi CHAdeMO, njira yotsekera ya CCS nthawi zambiri imakhala mkati mwa doko la chaji la galimoto, osati cholumikizira. Choyatsira maginito chamagetsi mgalimoto chimakanikiza cholumikizira kuti chigwire bwino. Izi zimathandiza kuti cholumikizira chikhale chokongola koma zimaika katundu wodalirika pa wopanga galimoto.

4.2 Kuyesa Mphamvu ndi Kulimba kwa Makina

Miyezo yonseyi imayang'aniridwa ndi njira zoyesera zolimba, monga zomwe zafotokozedwa mu IEC 62196. Mayeso awa akuphatikizapo:

• Mphamvu Yoyika ndi Kuchotsa:Cholumikiziracho chiyenera kukhala chosavuta kuti munthu alumikizane nacho koma cholimba mokwanira kuti chisakhudze kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi, zolumikizira zasiliva zimatha kutha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisakhudze kwambiri komanso kutentha kuwonjezere.
• Mayeso a Kuphwanya:Zolumikizira zonse za CCS ndi CHAdeMO zimayesedwa kuti zisagwedezeke ndi galimoto. Chophimbacho sichiyenera kusweka mwanjira yoti chiwonetsetse kuti zinthu zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri.
• Kukana Kukhudzidwa:Zolumikizira zimatsitsidwa kuchokera kutalika kwa mita imodzi kupita pansi pa konkire kangapo kuti zitsimikizire kuti chotenthetsera chamkati ndi zida zamakina sizikuwonongeka.

4.3 Kusamalira Kutentha: Vuto la Mphamvu Yaikulu ya Mphamvu

Kutentha ndi mdani wa kuthamangitsidwa mwachangu. Pamene mphamvu (I) ikuwonjezeka, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa (P = I²R) kumakula mofulumira.

• Kuziziritsa Kopanda Mphamvu:Ma charger oyambirira a 50 kW ankagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zokhuthala zamkuwa zomwe zinkadalira kutayikira kwa magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi imeneyi inali yochepa kufika pa 125A kapena 150A.
• Kuziziritsa kwa Madzi Ogwira Ntchito:Kuti afike pa 350 kW (500A), makina a CCS adayambitsa zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi. Choziziritsira (nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosakaniza ndi madzi-glycol kapena mafuta apadera a dielectric) chimayendetsedwa kudzera mu chingwecho mpaka kumbuyo kwa ma contact pins. Izi zimathandiza kuti chingwecho chikhale chopyapyala komanso chosinthasintha pamene chikuyang'anira kutentha kwakukulu.
• Njira Yotenthetsera ya CHAdeMO:Ngakhale CHAdeMO 2.0 imathandizira kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi, kufika kwa muyezo pambuyo pake pakuchaja kwamphamvu kwambiri kunatanthauza kuti zomangamanga zambiri za CHAdeMO zomwe zilipo zili pa 50-100 kW. Kapangidwe ka mkati mwa pulagi ya CHAdeMO, yokhala ndi mapini ake ang'onoang'ono ambiri ozungulira mapini amphamvu, kumapangitsa kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kukhala kovuta kugwiritsa ntchito poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe kosiyana ka cholumikizira cha CCS Combo.

4.4 Kutseka Zachilengedwe (Ma IP Ratings)

Malo ochajira zinthu amakumana ndi mvula, chipale chofewa, ndi fumbi. Zolumikizira zambiri zimakhala ndi IP54 kapena kupitirira apo. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndi chinyezi pamenecholumikizidwaZolumikizira za CCS nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mabowo otulutsira madzi kuti madzi asalowe m'malo olumikizira ma AC pin, pomwe makina olimba a CHAdeMO ophimba ndi ophimba amapangidwa kuti asunge nkhope yonse ya cholumikiziracho kuti chikhale chouma.

5. Geopolitics of EV Standards: Nkhondo Yolamulira Padziko Lonse

Nkhani ya CCS motsutsana ndi CHAdeMO ikunena za malonda apadziko lonse lapansi ndi chitetezo cha madera monganso nkhani ya uinjiniya. Kusankha muyezo wolipiritsa kumakhudza kwambiri chitetezo cha mphamvu cha dziko komanso mpikisano wa opanga magalimoto am'nyumba.

5.1 Linga la ku Ulaya: CCS2

European Union inali wosewera wofunikira kwambiri mu "Standard Wars." Mwa kulamula kuti cholumikizira cha Type 2 chigwiritsidwe ntchito pochaja AC ndi CCS2 pochaja DC, EU idatsimikiza kuti msika ukhale wogwirizana. Izi zidakakamiza opanga aku Japan ndi aku America kuti asinthe. Ngakhale Tesla, yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chapadera ku US kwa nthawi yayitali, idasinthira ku CCS2 ya Model 3 ndi Model Y ku Europe. Chisankho cha EU chidayendetsedwa ndi chikhumbo chogwirira ntchito limodzi kudutsa malire ndi kukonda PLC/ISO 15118 yolumikizirana yosinthasintha, yomwe idagwirizana ndi mapu awo a "Smart Grid".

5.2 Maganizo a ku Japan: Chiyambi cha CHAdeMO

Kudzipereka kwa Japan ku CHAdeMO kunali kuwonjezera utsogoleri wake pamsika woyambirira wa EV. Kukhala ndi EV yoyamba pamsika waukulu (LEAF) kunatanthauza kuti Japan inkalamulira nkhani yokhudza kuyitanitsa koyambirira. Komabe, pamene msika wapadziko lonse unasintha, Japan inadzipeza yokha. Yankho lake linali kupangidwa kwa ChaoJi, mgwirizano ndi China kuti apange muyezo wa m'badwo wotsatira womwe pamapeto pake ungalowe m'malo mwa CHAdeMO ndi muyezo wa GB/T waku China.

5.3 Kuvuta kwa North America: CCS1 vs. NACS

Ku North America, vutoli linagawikana. Ford, GM, ndi ena adagwiritsa ntchito CCS1 (mtundu wa Type 1). Pakadali pano, Tesla idapanga netiweki yopambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yochapira pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chake. Mu 2023, makampaniwo adasintha. Ford idalengeza kuti igwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha Tesla, chomwe chidasinthidwa kukhala North American Charging Standard (NACS). Chofunika kwambiri, NACS imagwiritsa ntchitochomwechoNdondomeko yolumikizirana ya ISO 15118 PLC monga CCS. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pulagi idasintha mawonekedwe, "ubongo" wa dongosololi udapitilizabe kugwirizana ndi CCS. Izi zidawonetsa mapeto a njira ya CHAdeMO pamsika waku US, chifukwa ngakhale kampani yomaliza ya Nissan idayamba kusintha.

5.4 Njira Yodzilamulira ya China: GB/T

China, msika waukulu kwambiri wa magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi, yagwiritsa ntchito muyezo wa GB/T. Monga CHAdeMO, GB/T imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ndi mabasi a CAN koma ili ndi njira yosiyana yolumikizirana. Kuchuluka kwa msika waku China kumatanthauza kuti GB/T, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madoko, ndiye muyezo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, kutenga nawo mbali kwa China mu projekiti ya ChaoJi kukuwonetsa chikhumbo chofuna kulumikizana padziko lonse lapansi komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe muyezo wa GB/T womwe ulipo pano sungakwaniritse mosavuta.

6. Kuthekera kwa Galimoto Kupita ku Gridi (V2G): Kutha Kuchaja Molunjika Mbali Zonse

Ukadaulo wa Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) umalola ma EV kugwira ntchito ngati mabatire akuluakulu oyenda, kubwezera mphamvu mu grid panthawi yomwe magetsi amafunikira kwambiri kapena kupereka mphamvu yowonjezera kunyumba (V2H).

6.1 Kuyamba Bwino kwa CHAdeMO

Kwa zaka zambiri, ngati mukufuna V2G, mumagula galimoto ya CHAdeMO. Popeza kulumikizana kwa mabasi a CAN kunali kosavuta komanso kolunjika mbali zonse kuyambira tsiku loyamba, ma charger a CHAdeMO amatha kupempha mphamvu kuchokera ku galimotoyo mosavuta. Nissan LEAF yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyendetsa ndege a V2G padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Njira yoyendetsera galimoto (CHAdeMO V2X) ndi yokhwima komanso yolembedwa bwino.

6.2 Kulimbana kwa CCS ndi ISO 15118-20

CCS inachedwa kufika pa gulu la V2G. Muyezo woyambirira wa ISO 15118-2 sunali ndi chithandizo champhamvu cha kuyenda kwa magetsi mbali zonse ziwiri. Mpaka pomwe ISO 15118-20 idatulutsidwa, chilengedwe cha CCS chinali ndi njira yokhazikika yothanirana ndi zokambirana zovuta zomwe zimafunikira pa V2G, monga deta yolumikizirana ndi gridi ndi malire otulutsira. Kukhazikitsa -20 ndikofunikira kwambiri, kumafuna zida zatsopano mgalimoto ndi chojambulira. Ngakhale CCS ikugwira ntchito bwino, cholowa cha CHAdeMO m'malo awa chikadali mfundo yolimba yopitirizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto ndi ntchito zinazake.

6.3 Zachuma za V2G

Kusiyana kwaukadaulo kumakhudzanso mtengo. Mu dongosolo la CHAdeMO V2G, inverter yokwera mtengo ya DC-to-AC nthawi zambiri imakhala pamalo ochajirira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mitengo ya galimotoyo ikhale yotsika koma zimapangitsa kuti charger ikhale yokwera mtengo kwambiri (nthawi zambiri yoposa $10,000). Opanga CCS akufufuza zonse ziwiri "DC V2G" (yofanana ndi CHAdeMO) ndi "AC V2G," komwe charger ya galimotoyo imagwirira ntchito yosinthira. Yomalizayi ikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa makina a V2H apakhomo, koma imafuna kuti zida za galimotoyo zikhale zolimba kwambiri.

7. Kusintha kwa Gawo la Msika: Kukwera kwa CCS ndi Kupulumuka kwa Niche kwa CHAdeMO

Ngati tiyang'ana deta ya 2015 poyerekeza ndi 2024, zomwe zikuchitika n'zodziwikiratu: CCS yapambana nkhondo yolimbana ndi msika waukulu, pomwe CHAdeMO yalowa mu gawo lothandizira kapena lodziwika bwino m'madera ambiri kunja kwa Japan.

7.1 Malo Othandizira

Kuchepa kwa CHAdeMO kungayambitsidwe ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika:

1. Kusiyidwa kwa Wopanga:Pamene Volkswagen, BMW, ndi Ford ndi GM adadzipereka ku CCS, tsogolo la CHAdeMO kumadzulo linatsimikizika.
2. Zolimbikitsa Zomangamanga:Ndalama zothandizira boma ku US ndi ku Europe (monga pulogalamu ya NEVI ku US) zinaika patsogolo kwambiri CCS, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti phindu lochepa kwa ma CPO kuyika ma plug a CHAdeMO.
3. Zoletsa Mphamvu:Kulephera kwa zomangamanga zambiri za CHAdeMO kupitirira 50 kW kunapangitsa kuti zisakope eni ake a ma EV amakono okhala ndi mabatire akuluakulu omwe amatha kugwira ntchito ndi 150 kW+.

7.2 Kupulumuka kwa Niche

Ngakhale kuti CHAdeMO yatsika, sikuti yafa. Magalimoto mamiliyoni ambiri okhala ndi zida za CHAdeMO akadali paulendo. M'misika monga UK ndi Japan, CHAdeMO ikadali gawo lofunika kwambiri pa netiweki ya anthu onse. Kuphatikiza apo, m'dziko la magalimoto akuluakulu ndi mabasi, opanga ena amakondabe kusavuta kwa CHAdeMO kochokera ku CAN chifukwa chodalirika komanso kukonzekera kwa V2G.

7.3 Kusanthula Deta: Madoko pa Muyezo uliwonse

Malipoti aposachedwa a msika akusonyeza kuti ku Europe, madoko a CCS2 tsopano ndi ochuluka kuposa madoko a CHAdeMO ndi chiŵerengero cha madoko opitilira 10 mpaka 1. Ku North America, kusinthaku kuli kodabwitsa kwambiri, ndi masiteshoni ambiri atsopano osagwiritsa ntchito CHAdeMO konse m'malo mwa makonzedwe awiri a CCS/NACS. "Mchira wautali" wa CHAdeMO mwina udzakhalapo kwa zaka khumi zina, koma nthawi yake monga muyezo waukulu padziko lonse lapansi yadutsa.

[Idzapitilizidwa mu zosintha zotsatira...]

8. Ma Adapter Osiyanasiyana ndi Mavuto Ogwirizana: Fiziki ya "Kutseka Mpata"

Pamene dziko lapansi likusintha kupita ku miyezo yochepa yodziwika bwino, funso lofunika kwambiri kwa eni magalimoto ambiri amagetsi ndi lakuti: "Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito adaputala?" Yankho lake ndi lovuta kwambiri ndipo silimangotanthauza kukonzanso mapini.

8.1 Chikwama Chosavuta: Ma Adapta a AC

Kusintha pakati pa miyezo ya AC (monga, Mtundu 1 kupita ku Mtundu 2) n'kosavuta. Izi ndi ma adapter "opusa" omwe amangosintha mawaya amkuwa. Njira yolumikizirana (PWM signaling) ndi yofanana m'makina onse a AC a J1772 ndi Mennekes.

8.2 Chikwama Chovuta: Ma Adapter a DC

Ma adapter a DC, monga Tesla-to-CHAdeMO kapena CCS1-to-NACS adapter, ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

• Kumasulira kwa Protocol:Posintha pakati pa zilankhulo ziwiri zosiyana zolumikizirana (monga galimoto ya CHAdeMO yomwe ikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito chojambulira cha CCS), chojambuliracho chiyenera kukhala ndi microcontroller yogwira ntchito. Chip iyi imagwira ntchito ngati "womasulira," kumvetsera zizindikiro za basi ya CAN kuchokera mgalimoto ndikupanga zizindikiro zofanana za PLC/ISO 15118 za chojambuliracho. Izi zimayambitsa kuchedwa ndi malo omwe angalephereke.
• Kuwunika Kutentha:Popeza ma adapter amabweretsa malo owonjezera olumikizirana, nthawi zambiri amatentha kwambiri. Adapta ya DC yapamwamba kwambiri iyenera kukhala ndi masensa ake amkati otenthetsera omwe amatha kudziwitsa galimoto kuti ibwezeretse mphamvu yamagetsi ngati kulumikizana kwatentha kwambiri.
• Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza Mphamvu ya Voltage:Kuchaja mwachangu kwa DC kumaphatikizapo ma voltage ambiri. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ayesa kuchotsa adaputala pamene magetsi akutuluka, arc yayikulu yamagetsi ingachitike, kuwononga zida kapena kuvulaza. Ma adaputala ayenera kukhala ndi ma interlock amakina kapena amagetsi omwe amagwirizana ndi lamulo la "kusiya kuchaja" kwa galimoto.

8.3 Kusintha kwa Tesla/NACS

Kukhazikitsa bwino kwambiri kwa ma adapter a DC ndi "Magic Dock" ya Tesla ndi ma adapter ake odziyimira pawokha a CCS-to-Tesla. Chifukwa NACS imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ya CCS, ma adapter awa ndi "osachita chilichonse" pankhani ya logic koma amafunikirabe njira zoyendetsera kutentha zapamwamba kwambiri komanso njira zotsekera thupi kuti azitha kuyendetsa liwiro la 250 kW+ charging.

9. Muyezo wa ChaoJi: Mlatho Wogwirizanitsa Padziko Lonse ndi Mphamvu Zapamwamba Kwambiri

Pozindikira zofooka za miyezo ya CHAdeMO ndi GB/T yomwe ilipo, CHAdeMO Association ndi China Electricity Council (CEC) adagwirizana kuti apangeChaoJi(yomwe imadziwikanso kuti CHAdeMO 3.0).

9.1 Zolinga Zopangira: Kupitirira 500 kW

ChaoJi yapangidwira mtsogolo. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuthandizira kuyitanitsa mphamvu zambiri—mpaka 900 kW (1500V ndi 600A). Izi cholinga chake ndi msika wa magalimoto akuluakulu ndi mabasi, komwe kuyitanitsa batire ya 500 kWh mu mphindi 20 ndikofunikira kuti ntchito iyende bwino.

9.2 Kapangidwe ka Zaukadaulo

• Kugwirizana Kumbuyo:Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri za ChaoJi ndi kugwirizana kwake kumbuyo. Cholumikizirachi chapangidwa kuti ma adapter athe kulumikiza mosavuta magalimoto a ChaoJi ku ma charger a CHAdeMO, GB/T, komanso a CCS omwe alipo.
• Cholumikizira Chosavuta:Pulagi ya ChaoJi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopepuka kuposa zolumikizira za CHAdeMO kapena CCS Combo 2 zomwe zilipo. Imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe katsopano ka pini komwe kamawongolera kuchuluka kwa magetsi ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yofunikira poyika.
• Choyendetsa Chowongolera Chapamwamba:ChaoJi imayambitsa njira yolumikizirana ya "mawonekedwe awiri". Ikhoza kuthandizira mabasi achikhalidwe a CAN (a machitidwe akale) komanso ma protocol a digito othamanga kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.
• Zinthu Zotetezeka:ChaoJi ili ndi zinthu zapamwamba monga "Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker" (ELCB) komanso kuzindikira chinyezi m'mutu wolumikizira, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chili bwino ngakhale pa 1500V.

9.3 Zotsatira Padziko Lonse

ChaoJi ndi batani lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza magalimoto wamba. Ngati lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri ku Asia komanso pa ntchito zolemera padziko lonse lapansi, likhoza kukhala muyezo weniweni wa chilichonse chachikulu kuposa galimoto yonyamula anthu, pomwe CCS/NACS imayang'anira msika wamagalimoto ogula.

10. Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo: Kuchaja Ma Megawatt, Mabatire Olimba, ndi Kuphatikizika Kwa Opanda Zingwe

Ukadaulo wa 2024 ndi chiyambi chabe. Zaka khumi zikubwerazi zidzasintha zinthu zitatu zazikulu momwe timayendetsera mphamvu m'magalimoto.

10.1 Dongosolo Lochaja la Megawatt (MCS)

Kwa magalimoto akuluakulu—malole akuluakulu 8, sitima, komanso ndege zazing'ono—ngakhale 350 kW ndi yochedwa kwambiri. Megawatt Charging System (MCS) ndi muyezo watsopano wopangidwira mphamvu yofika 3.75 MW (3,000A pa 1,250V). MCS imagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chatsopano komanso mtundu wapadera wa protocol ya ISO 15118. Imabwereka kulumikizana kwa PLC kuchokera ku CCS koma imakulitsa zida zakuthupi kufika pamlingo wosayerekezeka.

10.2 Mabatire Olimba ndi Ma Curve Ochaja

"Kuchaja kwa magetsi" kwa masiku ano kumachepetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Pamene batire ikudzaza, liwiro la kuchaja liyenera kuchepa kuti lisawonongeke. Mabatire a Solid-state (SSBs) akulonjeza kusintha izi. Ma SSB amatha kuthana ndi C-rate yokwera kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kusunga liwiro lalikulu la kuchaja (monga 350 kW) kuyambira 0% mpaka 80% kapena 90% SoC. Izi zidzaika mphamvu yayikulu pa malo ochaja magetsi kuti apereke mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso yolimba popanda kutentha kwambiri.

10.3 Kuchaja DC Opanda Zingwe

Ngakhale kuti cholinga chachikulu chili pa mapulagi, kuyatsa opanda zingwe (kwa inductive) kukutha. Kuyatsa opanda zingwe kosasinthasintha kukuyambitsidwa kale m'mabasi oyendera anthu. Gawo lotsatira ndimphamvukuyatsa opanda zingwe—ma coil omwe ali mumsewu omwe amachaja galimotoyo ikayendetsa. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a protocol, izi zitha kudalira mtundu wosinthidwa wa ISO 15118, pogwiritsa ntchito Wi-Fi kapena DSRC pogwirana chanza m'malo mwa waya wa Control Pilot.

11. Kuzama Kwambiri pa Kusambira: PLC vs. CAN Signal Integrity ndi Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Kwa mainjiniya omwe ali m'chipindamo, kusankha pakati pa PLC ndi CAN nthawi zambiri kumakambidwa pankhani ya umphumphu wa chizindikiro.

11.1 Ubwino wa Basi la CAN

CAN ndi chizindikiro chosiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sichimakhudzidwa ndi phokoso la common-mode. Mu malo odzaza ndi phokoso lamagetsi a 300 kW DC charger—komwe kusinthana kwamagetsi mwachangu kumapanga kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kusokoneza kwamagetsi (EMI)—CAN bus ndi yolimba kwambiri. Imafuna mawaya osavuta opindika ndipo ndi yovuta "kusokoneza."

11.2 Vuto la PLC

PLC (HomePlug Green PHY) imagwira ntchito pakati pa 2 MHz ndi 30 MHz. Iyi ndi nthawi yomweyi yomwe ma DC-DC converters ambiri amatulutsa phokoso. Kuti PLC igwire ntchito moyenera mu CCS charger, mainjiniya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito:

• Kusefa kwa Bandpass Yapamwamba:Kupatula chizindikiro cholumikizirana ndi phokoso losinthira mphamvu.
• Kufananiza kwa Impedance:Kuletsa kwa chingwe chochapira kumasintha pamene chikutsegulidwa kapena kusunthidwa, zomwe zimatha kuwonetsa zizindikiro za PLC ndikupangitsa kuti deta itayike.
• Kukonza Zolakwika:ISO 15118 imaphatikizapo kukonza zolakwika mwamphamvu pamlingo wa mapulogalamu kuti athetse "phukusi lotayika" lomwe nthawi zina limayambitsidwa ndi kukwera kwamagetsi.

Ndalama zaukadaulo izi ndichifukwa chake ma charger a CCS nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo kupanga ndi kutsimikizira kuposa ma charger a CHAdeMO.

12. Mapeto: Kuyenda Mtsogolo Mogwirizana kwa Zomangamanga za EV

Mpikisano pakati pa CCS ndi CHAdeMO wakhala mutu wofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya mayendedwe okhazikika. Unali mkangano wa zikhalidwe: Kudalirika kwa Japan kochokera ku CAN poyerekeza ndi masomphenya a mayiko akumadzulo a dongosolo lamakono la gridi yanzeru loyendetsedwa ndi PLC.

Pamene tikumaliza kuphunzira mozama, mfundo zingapo zikuonekera bwino:

1. Kuphatikizana N'kosapeweka:Msika sungapitirire miyezo itatu kapena inayi yosiyana ya DC kwamuyaya. Ku North America, NACS (leveraging CCS logic) ndiye wopambana. Ku Europe, CCS2 ndiye mfumu. Ku Asia, kuphatikiza kwa CHAdeMO ndi GB/T mu ChaoJi kukuyimira mphamvu yatsopano.
2. Mapulogalamu ndi Cholumikizira Chatsopano:Pamene ma adapter enieni akukhala ofala komanso odalirika,zakuthupimawonekedwe a pulagi amakhala osafunika kwambiri kuposamapulogalamuKulamulira kwa ISO 15118/PLC kukuwoneka kotsimikizika, chifukwa ngakhale NACS ndi MCS zagwiritsa ntchito.
3. V2G ndiye pulogalamu yopha anthu ambiri:Kusintha kuchoka pa "kuchaja galimoto" kupita ku "kulinganiza gridi" ndi vuto lalikulu lotsatira. CHAdeMO inatiwonetsa njira, koma tsogolo lidzamangidwa pa chimango chokhazikika komanso chotetezeka cha ISO 15118.

Kwa makampani opanga magetsi amagetsi, "Standard Wars" sizikutha ndi munthu m'modzi wopambana padziko lonse lapansi, koma ndi mgwirizano wa m'madera osiyanasiyana. Kaya mugwiritsa ntchito lever ya CHAdeMO kapena cholumikizira chokongola cha NACS, cholinga chachikulu chimakhala chimodzimodzi: kuyenda mwachangu, kogwira mtima, komanso koyera kwa mphamvu kuti zithandizire tsogolo la kuyenda. Maphunziro auinjiniya omwe aphunziridwa kuchokera ku nthawi ya CCS ndi CHAdeMO adzakhala maziko a zaka zana zikubwerazi zaukadaulo wamagetsi.

Zowonjezera Zaukadaulo: Kusanthula Koyerekeza kwa Mafelemu a ISO 15118 vs. CHAdeMO CAN

Kuti tifotokoze bwino kuzama kwa ukadaulo uwu, tiyeni tiwone zigawo zenizeni za OSI zomwe zikukhudzidwa.

Chigawo Cholumikizirana cha CHAdeMO:

• Gawo Lakuthupi:CAN 2.0B (500 kbps), zizindikiro za 12V zosiyana.
• Gawo la Ulalo wa Deta:Mafelemu a CAN okhazikika okhala ndi ma ID enaake (monga, 0×100 ya EVSE status, 0×101 ya EV status).
• Gawo Logwiritsira Ntchito:Mauthenga a CHAdeMO a mwiniwake akhazikitsidwa, motsatizana.

Chigawo Cholumikizirana cha CCS (ISO 15118):

• Gawo Lakuthupi:IEEE 1901 (HomePlug Green PHY) pa Control Pilot.
• Gawo la Ulalo wa Deta:Ethernet (MAC layer).
• Gawo la Netiweki/Mayendedwe:IPv6, TCP, UDP.
• Gawo la Gawo/Kuwonetsera:V2GTP (Galimoto Yosinthira Magalimoto Kupita ku Gridi), XML/EXI (Kusinthana Kwabwino kwa XML).
• Gawo Logwiritsira Ntchito:Mauthenga ogwira ntchito a ISO 15118-2/20 (monga ChargeParameterDiscovery, PowerDelivery).

Kuvuta kwa CCS stack ndi kwakukulu kuposa CHAdeMO. Kukhazikitsa ISO 15118 kumafuna makina onse ogwiritsira ntchito (nthawi zambiri kukoma kwa Linux kapena RTOS yapamwamba) kuti agwire ntchito yolumikizira netiweki, pomwe CHAdeMO ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa microcontroller yosavuta ya 8-bit kapena 16-bit. Kusiyana kumeneku kukufotokoza chifukwa chake ma charger oyambirira a CCS anali ndi "ma bug a mapulogalamu" ambiri komanso mavuto ogwirira ntchito limodzi kuposa ma charger a CHAdeMO, komanso kumafotokoza chifukwa chake CCS ndi yoyenera kwambiri pamavuto achitetezo cha pa intaneti amtsogolo.

Chidule Chomaliza cha Kusiyana Kofunika Kwambiri Kwaukadaulo

Pamene dziko la magalimoto likupita patsogolo ku tsogolo lopanda mpweya woipa, kugwirizana kwa miyezo iyi kudzera mu ukadaulo monga ChaoJi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo yolumikizirana ya ISO 15118 kukuwonetsa chiyambi cha dongosolo la magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. "Nkhondo ya mapulagi" potsiriza ikupereka mpata ku "kugwirizana kwa mapulagi." Kuphatikizana komwe kumayimiridwa ndi ChaoJi, DNA yogawana ya mfundo yolumikizirana ya ISO 15118, ndi kukwera kwa machitidwe a megawatt-class (MCS) kumatanthauza kuti ma charger a mawa adzalankhula chilankhulo chofanana ngakhale atavala nkhope zosiyana.

Kodi “Mgwirizano” Umatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki, tsogolo logwirizana limatanthauzira kukhala zinthu zitatu zothandiza:

• Kugwirizana kwa Protocol:ISO 15118-20 idzathandizira V2G, Pulagi & Chaja, komanso kuyatsa mwanzeru pa muyezo uliwonse wolumikizira. Chaja yomwe imayimira ISO 15118 lero idzakhalabe yofunikira pa mapulogalamu kwa zaka khumi, ngakhale pamene zolumikizira zikusintha.
• Kugwirizana kwa Thupi:Zotulutsira zolumikizira ziwiri (CCS + NACS, kapena CCS + ChaoJi adapters) ndi ma module olumikizira omwe amatha kusinthidwa m'munda zikutanthauza kuti zida siziyeneranso "kubetcha" pa muyezo umodzi.
• Kugwirizana pakati pa China ndi Japan:Mgwirizano wa ChaoJi pakati pa mabungwe okhazikitsa miyezo aku China ndi Japan ndi chizindikiro chomveka bwino chakuti ngakhale miyezo yotsutsana m'mbiri ingagwirizane—ChaoJi yapangidwa kuti ikhale mawonekedwe apadziko lonse lapansi a DC omwe amachaja mwachangu omwe amagwirizana ndi GB/T, CHAdeMO, ndi CCS ecosystems kudzera pa ma adapter.

Njira Yoyenera Kutsatira

"Nkhondo ya mapulagi" idagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zaukadaulo ndi malonda, koma opambana nthawi zonse anali magalimoto ndi maukonde omwe adakhalabe osinthasintha. Miyezo ikulumikizana chifukwa fizikisi imagawidwa: muyezo uliwonse pamapeto pake umapereka mphamvu ya DC kuchokera ku chosinthira cholumikizidwa ndi gridi kukhala batri, ndipo zigawo zolumikizirana zikugwirizana mozungulira ISO 15118. Chosiyanitsa sichilinso cholumikizira chomwe chaja chimavala, koma momwe chimachajira bwino—kukhazikika kwa kutumiza mphamvu, magwiridwe antchito, nthawi yogwira ntchito, ndi chitetezo cha pa intaneti.

Gawo la V2G

Kugwirizana kumeneku sikungokhala kokongola chabe—kumatsegula mtsinje waukulu kwambiri wamtengo wapatali womwe sunagwiritsidwe ntchito mumakampani: galimoto kupita ku gridi. ISO 15118-20 ndiye muyezo woyamba padziko lonse lapansi wofotokozera kusamutsa mphamvu mbali zonse ziwiri, mitengo ya V2G, ndi kutsimikizira kwa Plug & Charge mokhazikika. Pamene chojambulira cha CCS2 ndi chojambulira cha NACS zimalankhula chilankhulo chimodzi cha ISO 15118, galimoto yaku Europe ndi yaku North America imatha kutenga nawo mbali mu mapulogalamu omwewo oyankha kufunikira, misika yolamulira pafupipafupi, ndi mapulani amagetsi adzidzidzi. CHAdeMO idayambitsa V2G, koma njira yake yochokera ku CAN sinapangidwepo kuti igwirizane ndi chitetezo cha intaneti komanso kuyitanitsa mwanzeru komwe ISO 15118 imapereka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyezo womwe "wataya" nkhondo yolumikizira ukupambana nkhondo yamagetsi—ndipo chifukwa chake wogwiritsa ntchito netiweki aliyense wodzipereka tsopano amafotokoza mphamvu ya ISO 15118-20 mu zida zatsopano.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Kapangidwe ka ISO 15118 ka CCS kochokera ku PLC kapambana nkhondo yolumikizirana chifukwa kamakula kufika pa V2G, Plug & Charge, ndi ma megawatt amtsogolo, pomwe basi ya CAN ya CHAdeMO ikadali msana wakale.
• ChaoJi ikuwonetsa kuti China, Japan, ndi CCS ecosystem zimatha kukumana pa mawonekedwe ogwirizana a DC amphamvu kwambiri.
• Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, chiopsezo cha miyezo ndi chotheka kuchisamalira: sankhani zida zolumikizira za ISO 15118 zokhala ndi zolumikizira zosinthika ndipo mudzatetezedwa mosasamala kanthu kuti pulagi iti imapambana m'chigawo chilichonse.
• Malo otsatira omenyera mpikisano si cholumikizira—ndi liwiro la kuchaja, kudalirika, ndi kuphatikiza kwa gridi.

Lumikizanani ndi MIDA Power imapanga ma DC fast charger omwe ali okonzeka mtsogolo: thandizo la ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, kutsatira malamulo a OCPP, ndi zolumikizira zomwe zingathe kukonzedwa kumunda kuphatikiza CCS1, CCS2, CHAdeMO, NACS, ndi GB-T. Kaya mukupangira msika waku China, Europe, kapena North America, zida zathu zapangidwa kuti zikhale zofunikira pamene miyezo ikugwirizana. Lumikizanani nafe kuti mudziwe zambiri zaukadaulo ndi mtengo wake.