Guhindura uburyo bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi ku isi yose: CCS vs CHAdeMO, V2G Evolution, na ChaoJi Standards

Gusesengura imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga rya EV ku isi: Uburyo bwo gusesengura imiterere ya tekiniki mu buryo bwimbitse kuri CCS ugereranije na CHAdeMO Protocols, ISO 15118 ugereranije na CAN Bus Communication, V2G Evolution, n'izamuka ry'ibipimo bya ChaoJi Standard

1. Intangiriro: Iterambere rya DC Fast Charging n'Ubushake bwo Gushyiraho Ubuziranenge

Impinduka igana ku kugenda kw'amashanyarazi si impinduka mu gutwara imodoka gusa, ahubwo ni ivugurura ry'ibanze mu gukwirakwiza ingufu n'imyitwarire y'abaguzi. Ishingiro ry'iyi mpinduka ririmo ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija, cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga rituma habaho gusharija byihuse (DCFC). Kubera ko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs) zavuye mu mishinga y'igerageza ijya mu bisubizo by'ubwikorezi rusange, gukenera gusharija byihuse, byizewe, kandi bisanzwe byabaye ingenzi cyane. Ariko, inzira yo gushyiraho amashanyarazi ntiyigeze ihinduka. Inganda zagenwe n'irushanwa ry'imyaka myinshi hagati y'imiterere ibiri y'ibanze: Sisitemu yo Gusharija Ihuriweho (CCS) na sisitemu ya CHAdeMO.

Mu ntangiriro z'imodoka zigezweho za EV—hafi mu mpera z'imyaka ya 2000 no mu ntangiriro za 2010—ahantu hari "Uburengerazuba bw'Isi" bufite amahame yihariye kandi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Nissan LEAF, yatangijwe mu 2010, yashyigikiye amahame ya CHAdeMO, yatangiriye mu Buyapani. Yakozwe n'Ishyirahamwe rya CHAdeMO (ihuriro rya TEPCO, Nissan, Mitsubishi, n'izindi), ni ryo sisitemu ya mbere ya DC yihuta yo gushyaja imodoka ku isi hose. CHAdeMO yatanze urubuga rukomeye, rworoshye kandi ruteguye inzira ebyiri rwakoreshaga bisi ya Controller Area Network (CAN) mu itumanaho, porotokoli yari imaze gushyirwamo cyane mu buhanga bw'imodoka.

Ku rundi ruhande, inganda zo mu Burayi no muri Amerika zashatse uburyo buhuriweho cyane. Aho kugira ibyambu bitandukanye byo gushyushya AC na DC—nk'uko imodoka za CHAdeMO zabikoze—batanze Sisitemu yo Gushyushya Ingano (CCS). CCS yakoresheje "Combo" connector yongerera DC pins ku bipimo bya AC byari bisanzweho (Type 1 muri Amerika ya Ruguru na Type 2 mu Burayi). Uretse connector ifatika, CCS yahisemo inzira y'itumanaho itandukanye cyane: Power Line Communication (PLC) ishingiye ku bipimo bya ISO 15118 na DIN 70121.

Uku gutandukana kw'inyubako kwatumye habaho isoko ryihariye. Mu myaka irenga icumi, abashoferi ba EV, abashinzwe amashanyarazi (CPOs), n'abakora imodoka bagiye mu bihe bigoye aho uburinganire bw'ibinyabiziga bushingiye ku gace n'ibyo ababikora bakunda. Irushanwa hagati ya CCS na CHAdeMO ntabwo ari imiterere y'icyuma gifunga gusa; ni intambara y'ibitekerezo by'itumanaho, imiterere y'urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi, n'ingaruka za politiki y'isi.

Mu gihe tureba mu myaka ya 2030, imiterere y’ibintu irahinduka. Kubera iterambere ry’urwego rw’itumanaho rwa Amerika y’Amajyaruguru (NACS)—rukoresha uburyo bwa CCS mu buryo butandukanye—ndetse n’iterambere ry’urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga rwa ChaoJi rw’igisekuru gitaha, uru rwego rurimo kwegera ku buryo bushoboka, nubwo butari bworoshye, bwo guhuza. Iyi nkuru itanga isesengura ryimbitse ry’itandukaniro riri hagati ya CCS na CHAdeMO, isesengura imiterere y’itumanaho ryabo, imiterere y’ibihuza byabyo, imbaraga z’isoko zitera iterambere ryabyo, n’ejo hazaza ho gushyushya ingufu nyinshi cyane.

2. Amabwiriza agenga itumanaho: ISO 15118 (PLC) vs. CHAdeMO (CAN)

Itandukaniro ry'ibanze mu bya tekiniki hagati ya CCS na CHAdeMO riri mu buryo imodoka (EV) n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi (EVSE) bavugana. Iri tumanaho ni ingenzi mu gucunga umutekano, kugenzura uko bateri ihagaze, gupima amashanyarazi n'urwego rw'ubu, no gucunga amakuru y'ubwishyu.

2.1 Uburyo bwa CHAdeMO: Itumanaho rya bisi rya CAN

CHAdeMO ikoresha protocole ya bisi ya Controller Area Network (CAN). Mu rwego rw'ubuhanga mu by'imodoka, CAN ni "ururimi rw'ikinyarwanda." Yakozwe na Bosch mu myaka ya 1980 kugira ngo ifashe mu itumanaho rikomeye kandi ririnda urusaku hagati y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga (ECUs) biri mu modoka. CHAdeMO ikoresha CAN ebyiri zabugenewe mu nsinga yo gusharija kugira ngo yorohereze gusharija hagati y'imodoka n'imodoka.

Porotokole ya CHAdeMO iroroshye cyane. Ikurikiza urukurikirane rw'ibimenyetso byagenwe neza. Iyo hashyizwemo plug ya CHAdeMO, ikimenyetso cya 12V gitangira igikorwa. Imodoka n'icyuma gitanga charger hanyuma bihana amakuru y'ibanze binyuze muri bisi ya CAN, urugero nk'amashanyarazi ntarengwa bateri ishobora kwakira n'amashanyarazi ntarengwa charger ishobora gutanga. Kubera ko CAN ari protocole y'igihe gito kandi ikora mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo, CHAdeMO ishobora gusubiza vuba cyane impinduka mu miterere ya bateri cyangwa umutekano ukagabanuka.

Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi by'imiterere ya CHAdeMO/CAN ni uburyo ishyigikira imikorere y'amashanyarazi mu cyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri (V2G/V2H). Kubera ko itumanaho rishingiye ku bimenyetso byoroheje bya CAN, gushyira mu bikorwa imikorere y'imodoka kuva kuri grid kugeza kuri bateri byashobotse kuva mu ntangiriro. CHAdeMO yemerera charger gusaba umuriro uva kuri bateri y'imodoka, byoroshya kugenzura frequency no gukoresha ingufu zo mu rugo.

2.2 Uburyo bwa CCS: PLC na ISO 15118

CCS ikoresha uburyo bugoye cyane ikoresheje Power Line Communication (PLC). By’umwihariko, CCS ikoresha HomePlug Green PHY standard kugira ngo yohereze amakuru afite frequency nyinshi hejuru y’agapira ko kugenzura (CP) k’umuhuza. Aya makuru asobanurwa binyuze mu indorerwamo ya ISO 15118 na DIN 70121.

Kuki wahitamo PLC kuruta CAN? Impamvu nyamukuru yari ukwirinda mu gihe kizaza no gukoresha amakuru. ISO 15118 ntiyagenewe gusa kugenzura gusharija by'ibanze, ahubwo yagenewe no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ishyigikira ibintu bigezweho nka "Plug & Charge," aho imodoka yimenyekanisha kandi ikishyura mu buryo bwikora nta karita ya RFID cyangwa porogaramu igendanwa. Kugira ngo ishyigikire uburyo bwo gufunga amakuru n'imiterere y'amakuru ikenewe kuri ibi bintu, byagaragaye ko ari ngombwa gukoresha umuyoboro munini urenze uwo bisi isanzwe ya CAN itanga.

Ariko, ikoreshwa rya PLC ritera imbogamizi zikomeye. Kubera ko pin ya CP ikoreshwa kandi ku kimenyetso cy'ibanze cya Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) (gutwara bivuye ku gipimo cyo gusharija cya J1772 AC), ikimenyetso cya PLC kigomba gushyirwa kuri iki kimenyetso cya analog. Ibi bisaba transceivers zigezweho na filters kugira ngo urusaku rw'amashanyarazi ruturuka mu nzira yo gusharija DC ifite imbaraga nyinshi rudahumanya itumanaho. Uburyo bwo "guherekezana" muri CCS buratinda cyane ugereranyije na CHAdeMO kuko sisitemu igomba gushyiraho umurongo w'umuyoboro, gukora itumanaho rishingiye kuri IP (TCP / IPv6), no guhanahana ubutumwa bushingiye kuri XML.

2.3 Incamake y'igereranya rya Porotokole

Ubufatanye hagati ya CAN na PLC ni ubworoshye ugereranyije n'ubushobozi. Sisitemu ya CHAdeMO ishingiye kuri CAN ni yihuta, yizewe, kandi yoroshye kuyishyira mu bikorwa, ariko idafite imiterere y'itumanaho ihambaye kandi ikenewe kugira ngo ikore ingendo ku isi yose neza kandi itekanye ndetse no guhanahana amakuru ku rwego rwo hejuru. Sisitemu ya CCS ya ISO 15118/PLC ni ihuriro rikomeye ry'itumanaho rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ariko riterwa n'uburyo ibyuma bitoroshye gukora ndetse n'uburyo itumanaho ritoroshye gukoreshwa.

3. Urufatiro rwa Topoliji y'Uruziga n'Ikoranabuhanga ry'Ingufu

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya CCS na CHAdeMO rirenze porogaramu n'itumanaho mu buryo bw'ibanze bw'amashanyarazi mu nzira yo gusharija. Sisitemu zombi zigamije kugeza DC ifite voltage nyinshi kuri bateri, zinyura kuri converter ya AC-to-DC y'imodoka, ariko zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ingufu n'umutekano mu buryo butandukanye.

3.1 Gufatana mu ntoki no mu miyoboro y'umutekano

Mu gihe cyo gusharija vuba kuri DC, EVSE ni amashanyarazi ya DC afite ingufu nyinshi agenzurwa n'imodoka. Umutekano w'iyi gahunda ushingiye ku bikoresho na porogaramu zikoreshwa mu buryo budasanzwe.

Topoliji ya CHAdeMO:CHAdeMO ikoresha urukurikirane rw'ibikoresho byo gukontakira bifatika n'imirongo y'ibimenyetso ya 12V kugira ngo icunge imiterere y'uruziga rwo gushyushya. Urukurikirane ni uru rukurikira:

1. Guhuza no kumenya ibintu ku buryo bufatika.
2. Ikimenyetso cyo gusabana cya 12V kuva kuri EV kijya kuri EVSE.
3. Itumanaho rya bisi rya CAN riratangiye.
4. EVSE ikora ikizamini cyo gukingira kugira ngo irebe neza ko nta kibazo kiri mu mugozi cyangwa mu muyoboro.
5. Imodoka ifunga contactors zayo zo imbere za DC.
6. EVSE itangira gutanga umuriro.

Umuyoboro wa CHAdeMO wagenewe "kuba udakora neza" ku rwego rwa hardware. Iyo ikimenyetso cya 12V cyabuze, EVSE igomba guhita ihagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi.

Topioloji ya CCS:CCS ikoresha topology ihuriweho cyane ikomoka ku bipimo ngenderwaho byo gusharija AC. Ikoresha pin zo kugenzura (CP) na pin zo gupima hafi (PP).

1. Agapira ka PP kerekana ko plug yashyizwemo kandi ko agafunga kafunzwe.
2. Agapira ka CP gakoresha ikimenyetso cya PWM kugira ngo kagaragaze uko EVSE ihagaze n'ubushobozi bwayo bw'ubu.
3. Itumanaho rya PLC rishyirwaho hejuru y'umurongo wa CP.
4. Imishyikirano y'ikoranabuhanga ikorwa binyuze muri ISO 15118.
5. Gukurikirana ishyirwa mu kato birakorwa.
6. Kontakteri za DC zirafunze.

Muri CCS, guhindura amashanyarazi kuva kuri AC ujya kuri DC bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe bwa Control Pilot, bityo byorohereza abakora imodoka gukora imodoka zishyigikira ubwoko bwombi bwo gusharija binyuze mu muyoboro umwe.

3.2 Ingufu n'Imipaka y'Ubushyuhe

Ibyuma by'amashanyarazi biri muri sitasiyo yo gusharija bigomba kuba bishobora guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi mu buryo buhinduka.

• CHAdeMO:Mu mateka, CHAdeMO yari ifite ingufu za 50 kW (500V, 125A). Nubwo ubuziranenge bwavuguruwe (CHAdeMO 2.0) kugira ngo bushyigikire kugeza kuri 400 kW, imodoka nke cyane cyangwa charger ni zo zashyize mu bikorwa izi ntera zo hejuru. Inzitizi akenshi ni ubushyuhe; iyo nta gukonjesha kw'amazi mu nsinga, gukomeza gukoresha ingufu zirenze 200A biragoye kuri connector ya CHAdeMO bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bwo gukoraho.
• CCS:CCS yakozwe hashingiwe ku gisenge kiri hejuru. Ikoresheje insinga zikonjeshwa n'amazi n'ibihuza, CCS2 (version y'i Burayi) ishobora kwihanganira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igera kuri 500A n'amashanyarazi igera kuri 1000V, bigatuma umuvuduko wo gusharija ugera kuri 350 kW no hejuru yayo. Imiterere ya CCS, cyane cyane mu bwoko bwa 2, itanga ubuso bwiza bwo gukoresha DC pins zifite umuriro mwinshi, bigabanya ubushyuhe buturuka aho ihurira.

3.3 Gukurikirana no Gushyira Imbere Imbunda mu Kato

Ikintu cy'ingenzi muri topology ya DC circuit ni sisitemu yo kugenzura isolation (IMS). Kubera ko DC yihuta ikoresha voltages zishobora kurenza 800V, sisitemu igomba guhora igenzura ubwiyongere bw'imiyoboro ya DC iri hagati y'imiyoboro myiza/mibi n'ubutaka bwa chassis.

• Ubusanzwe CHAdeMO chargers zifite IMS ihuriweho ifunga urwego rw'amashanyarazi iyo isolation igabanutse munsi y'urugero runaka (ubusanzwe 100 ohms kuri volt).
• Sisitemu za CCS nazo zisaba kugenzura ukwayo, ariko kubera ko itumanaho rya PLC riba kuri CP pin (ivugwa ku butaka), hari ibyago by’imitekerereze byo kwangiza imiyoboro ya DC ifite voltage nyinshi n’ikimenyetso cy’itumanaho niba ukwayo kwangiritse. Gutunganya ibikoresho bya CCS birakenewe kugira ngo bigabanye ibi.

3.4 Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zo mu cyerekezo cy'ibiri

Imiterere y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi mu bijyanye no gusharija impande zombi iragoye cyane. Ikenera inverter iri muri EVSE (cyangwa imodoka) ishobora guhuza n'umuvuduko wa AC wa grid.

• CHAdeMO:Igipimo ngenderwaho gisobanura protocole ya V2X (Imodoka ijya kuri buri kimwe) ku rwego rwa CAN, yemerera charger yo hanze gukora nk'inverter. Ibi byoroshya ikoranabuhanga ry'imodoka ariko bigatuma "charger ya V2G" ihenda cyane.
• CCS:Igipimo cya ISO 15118-20 (ivugurura riheruka) amaherezo kizana inkunga ikomeye kuri CCS. Ariko, gushyira mu bikorwa ibi bisaba impinduka zikomeye ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ingufu biri mu modoka ndetse n'urutonde rw'itumanaho rwa PLC, bigatuma habaho gutinda gukwirakwiza ibintu bya V2G mu modoka zikorana na CCS ugereranije n'izindi za CHAdeMO.

[Bizakomeza mu makuru akurikiraho...]

4. Ubuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga: Ingufu za mekanike, imicungire y'ubushyuhe, n'isuzuma ry'umutekano

Uburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi ni ubuhanga buhanitse. Igomba gutwara ingufu za kilowati amagana, kwihanganira ibihumbi by'imigendekere y'itumanaho, no kwihanganira ikirere gikabije mu gihe ikomeza kuba ifite umutekano ku muguzi usanzwe. Imitekerereze y'imikoreshereze y'ibikoresho bya CCS na CHAdeMO igaragaza uburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo gukemura ibi bibazo.

4.1 Igishushanyo mbonera cya mekanike n'uburyo bwo gufunga

Umuyoboro wa DC wihuta wo gusharija si plagi gusa, ahubwo ni umurongo ufunze kandi ufite ingufu nyinshi.

• Umuhuza wa CHAdeMO:Igikoresho cya CHAdeMO kizwiho imiterere yacyo nini kandi izengurutse hamwe n'icyuma gifunga gikoresheje ikoranabuhanga. Gikoresha urukurikirane rw'udupira two gufunga haba ku ngufu no ku kimenyetso. Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu miterere ya CHAdeMO ni uko uburyo bwo gufunga bukunze gushyirwa mu gikoresho ubwacyo. Iyo umukoresha akanda agashyiramo agapira, udupira two gufunga dutuma tudakurwaho mu gihe umuriro urimo gutemba. Agapira kagenewe "gupfukwa" kugira ngo hirindwe ko kagwa ku buryo butunguranye, kandi agapira kubatswe kugira ngo gashobore guhangana n'imvura nyinshi n'ingaruka zikomeye.
• Umuhuza wa CCS (Combo 1 & Combo 2):Umuhuza wa CCS ni iterambere rya plugs za AC zo mu bwoko bwa 1 (J1772) na 2 (Mennekes). Yongeraho pin ebyiri nini za DC munsi ya pin ya AC. Bitandukanye na CHAdeMO, uburyo bwo gufunga bwa CCS busanzwe buba buri mu mwanya wo gushyushya imodoka, ntabwo ari umuhuza. Actuator ya electromagnetic iri mu modoka ifata agace gato ku muhuza kugira ngo uyigumane. Ibi bituma igishushanyo cy'umuhuza gihinduka neza ariko bigashyira umutwaro wo kwizerwa ku mushinga w'imodoka.

4.2 Isuzuma ry'imbaraga za mekanike n'uburambe

Amabwiriza yombi agengwa n'amabwiriza akomeye yo gupima, nk'ayasobanuwe muri IEC 62196. Ibi bizamini birimo:

• Imbaraga zo gushyiramo no gukuramo:Umuyoboro ugomba kuba woroshye bihagije kugira ngo umuntu awushyiremo ariko ukaba ufite umutekano uhagije kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubushobozi bwo gukoraho. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, imiyoboro ya silver ishobora kwangirika, bigatuma ubushyuhe n'imbaraga birushaho kwiyongera.
• Ikizamini cyo gukanda:Ibikoresho byombi bya CCS na CHAdeMO birageragezwa kugira ngo bikomeze kugongwa n'imodoka. Inzu ntigomba kwangirika mu buryo bugaragaza ibice bifite ingufu nyinshi.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'Ingaruka:Utwuma duhuza ibintu dushyirwa hasi kuva kuri metero imwe tujya hasi kuri sima inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo ubwikorezi bw'imbere n'ibice byayo bikomeze kuba byiza.

4.3 Imicungire y'ubushyuhe: Ikibazo cy'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi

Ubushyuhe ni umwanzi wo gusharija vuba. Uko umuriro (I) wiyongera, ubushyuhe butangwa (P = I²R) burushaho kwiyongera cyane.

• Gukonjesha bidakora:Imashini za mbere za 50 kW zakoreshaga insinga z'umuringa zikomeye zishingiye ku gukwirakwiza umuriro mu buryo butunguranye. Uyu muvuduko w'amashanyarazi wari ufite amashanyarazi make cyane agera kuri 125A cyangwa 150A.
• Gukonjesha amazi akoreshwa:Kugira ngo igere kuri 350 kW (500A), sisitemu za CCS zabanje gukoresha insinga zikonjeshwa n'amazi. Igikoresho gikonjesha (akenshi gikunze kuba uruvange rw'amazi-glycol cyangwa amavuta ya dielectric yihariye) gikwirakwizwa binyuze muri iyo nsinga kugeza inyuma y'udupira two gufataho. Ibi bituma insinga yoroshye kandi yoroshye mu gihe icunga umutwaro munini w'ubushyuhe.
• Inzira y'ubushyuhe ya CHAdeMO:Nubwo CHAdeMO 2.0 ishyigikira gukonjesha amazi, kuba ubu buryo bwarageze ku ngufu nyinshi byatumye ibikorwa remezo bya CHAdeMO byinshi bihari bihagarara kuri 50-100 kW. Imiterere y'imbere ya plug ya CHAdeMO, hamwe n'udupira duto twinshi tuzenguruka udupira tw'amashanyarazi, bituma gukonjesha amazi bigorana gushyira mu bikorwa ugereranije n'imiterere itandukanye y'umuhuza wa CCS Combo.

4.4 Gufunga Ibidukikije (Ibipimo bya IP)

Aho bashyira umuriro w'amashanyarazi haba hagwa imvura, urubura n'umukungugu. Ibikoresho byinshi bihuza abantu bifite amanota ya IP54 cyangwa arenga. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uburyo bitwara amazi iyoyakuwemo. Ibikoresho bya CCS bikunze kugira imyobo yo kuvoma kugira ngo amazi adahurira mu dusanduku twa AC pin, mu gihe sisitemu ikomeye ya CHAdeMO yo gupfuka no gupfuka umupfundikizo igamije gutuma isura yose y'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi yumuka.

5. Politiki y'ubutaka y'amahame ya EV: Intambara yo Kuganza Isi

Inkuru ya CCS na CHAdeMO ivuga ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kurengera akarere kimwe no ku buhanga. Guhitamo uburyo bwo gushyushya bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano w'ingufu z'igihugu no ku guhangana kw'abakora imodoka zo mu gihugu.

5.1 Igihome cy'i Burayi: CCS2

Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi wagize uruhare rukomeye mu “Intambara zisanzwe.” Mu gushyiraho itegeko ryo gukoresha umuhuza wa Type 2 mu gushyushya AC na CCS2 mu gushyushya DC, EU yijeje isoko ry’ubumwe. Ibi byatumye inganda z’Abayapani n’Abanyamerika zihindura imiterere yazo. Ndetse na Tesla, imaze igihe kinini ikoresha umuhuza wayo muri Amerika, yahinduye CCS2 kuri Model 3 na Model Y mu Burayi. Icyemezo cy’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi cyatewe n’icyifuzo cyo gukorana n’abandi mu mahanga no gukundisha itumanaho rya PLC/ISO 15118 ryoroshye, rijyanye n’umurongo wabo wa “Smart Grid”.

5.2 Igitekerezo cy'Abayapani: Inkomoko ya CHAdeMO

Ubwitange bw'Ubuyapani kuri CHAdeMO bwari uburyo bwo kongera ubwiza bwabwo ku isoko rya mbere rya EV. Kugira EV ya mbere ku isoko rinini (LEAF) byatumye Ubuyapani bugenzura uburyo bwo gushyushya hakiri kare. Ariko, uko isoko mpuzamahanga ryagendaga rihinduka, Ubuyapani bwagiye bwigunga cyane. Igisubizo cyabaye iterambere rya ChaoJi, igikorwa cyo ku bufatanye n'Ubushinwa mu gushyiraho igipimo cy'igisekuru gitaha gishobora kuzasimbura igipimo cya CHAdeMO n'igipimo cya GB/T cy'Ubushinwa.

5.3 Ihuriro ry'Amerika ya Ruguru: CCS1 vs. NACS

Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ibintu byari byacitsemo ibice. Ford, GM, n'abandi bahisemo CCS1 (ubwoko bwa 1 combo). Hagati aho, Tesla yubatse umuyoboro wa charger watsinze cyane ku isi ikoresheje connector yayo yihariye. Mu buryo butangaje mu 2023, inganda zarahindutse. Ford yatangaje ko izakoresha connector ya Tesla, ikongera kumenyekana nka North American Charging Standard (NACS). Icy'ingenzi ni uko NACS ikoresha connectorkimwePorotokole y'itumanaho ya ISO 15118 PLC nka CCS. Bityo, nubwo plug yahinduye imiterere, "ubwonko" bwa sisitemu bwakomeje kuba ubuhuza na CCS. Ibi byatumye inzira ya CHAdeMO irangira ku isoko rya Amerika, kuko n'iya nyuma (Nissan) yatangiye guhinduka.

5.4 Inzira y'Ubushinwa y'Ubusugire: GB/T

Ubushinwa, isoko rinini cyane rya EV ku isi, bwakoresheje uburyo bwabwo bwo gukoresha GB/T. Kimwe na CHAdeMO, GB/T ikoresha itumanaho rya CAN bisi ariko ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gutumanaho. Ubunini bw'isoko ry'Ubushinwa busobanura ko GB/T, ukurikije umubare w'ibyambu, ari yo ikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Ariko, uruhare rw'Ubushinwa mu mushinga wa ChaoJi rugaragaza icyifuzo cyo guhuza isi yose n'ubushobozi buhanitse cyane bw'ingufu zidasanzwe ubu GB/T idashobora kugeraho byoroshye.

6. Ubushobozi bw'ikinyabiziga kuva kuri gridi (V2G): Ishobora gushyushya ibyuma mu cyerekezo cy'ibice bibiri

Ikoranabuhanga rya Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) ryemerera amashanyarazi gukora nk'amabatiri manini agendanwa, agasubiza amashanyarazi mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubukene bwinshi cyangwa agatanga ingufu zo kongera ingufu mu rugo (V2H).

6.1 Gutangira neza kwa CHAdeMO

Mu myaka myinshi, iyo washakaga V2G, waguraga imodoka ya CHAdeMO. Kubera ko itumanaho rya bisi za CAN ryari ryoroshye kandi ryinjira impande zombi kuva ku munsi wa mbere, chargers za CHAdeMO zashoboraga gusaba umuriro muri iyo modoka byoroshye. Nissan LEAF imaze imyaka irenga icumi ikoreshwa mu bapilote ba V2G ku isi yose. Protocol (CHAdeMO V2X) irakuze kandi iranditse neza.

6.2 Ihangana rya CCS na ISO 15118-20

CCS yatinze kwinjira mu itsinda rya V2G. Ihame rya mbere rya ISO 15118-2 ntiryari rifite inkunga ikomeye yo gukoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu cyerekezo cy’imihanda ibiri. Kugeza igihe ISO 15118-20 yasohowe, ni bwo ikoranabuhanga rya CCS ryari rifite uburyo busanzwe bwo gukemura ibibazo bigoye byasabwaga kuri V2G, nko guhuza amakuru y’urusobe rw’amashanyarazi n’imipaka yo kuyasohora. Gushyira mu bikorwa -20 birasaba tekiniki, bisaba ibikoresho bishya mu modoka no mu isharija. Nubwo CCS irimo kugera ku ntego, umurage wa CHAdeMO muri uru rwego uracyari ingingo ikomeye yo gukomeza gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byihariye by’ubwikorezi n’ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga.

6.3 Ubukungu bwa V2G

Itandukaniro rya tekiniki naryo rigira ingaruka ku giciro. Muri CHAdeMO V2G, inverter ihenze ya DC-to-AC ikunze kuba iri muri sitasiyo yo gusharija. Ibi bituma ibiciro by'imodoka bigabanuka ariko bigatuma sharija ihenda cyane (akenshi irenga $10.000). Inganda za CCS ziri gushakisha "DC V2G" (bisa na CHAdeMO) na "AC V2G," aho sharija y'imodoka iri mu modoka ikoresha inversion. Iyi ya nyuma ishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cya sisitemu za V2H zo mu rugo, ariko bisaba ko ibikoresho by'imodoka biba bikomeye cyane.

7. Iterambere ry'Umugabane w'Isoko: Izamuka rya CCS n'Iterambere ry'Ubusugire bwa CHAdeMO

Iyo turebye amakuru yo mu 2015 ugereranyije n’ayo mu 2024, icyo bivuze kiragaragara: CCS yatsinze urugamba rwo kugabanyiriza isoko rusange, mu gihe CHAdeMO yinjiye mu cyiciro cy’ubufasha mu turere twinshi two hanze y’Ubuyapani.

7.1 Aho umuntu ahera ku rundi ruhande

Kugabanuka kwa CHAdeMO bishobora guturuka ku bintu byinshi by'ingenzi:

1. Gutabwa mu bikorwa n'uruganda:Volkswagen, BMW, na Ford na GM bamaze kwiyemeza gufatanya na CCS, iherezo rya CHAdeMO mu Burengerazuba ryararangiye.
2. Inkunga ku bikorwa remezo:Inkunga za leta muri Amerika no mu Burayi (nk'uko byagendekeye gahunda ya NEVI muri Amerika) zakomeje gushyira imbere CCS, bituma CPOs zidatanga inyungu nyinshi ku bashinzwe umutekano wo gushyiramo CHAdeMO plugs.
3. Ingufu nke:Kuba ibikorwa remezo byinshi bya CHAdeMO bitarabasha kurenza kW 50 byatumye bitarushaho gukurura ba nyiri amashanyarazi agezweho afite bateri nini zishobora gutwara kW 150+.

7.2 Uburyo bwo kurokoka bwa Niche

Nubwo yagabanutse, CHAdeMO ntabwo yapfuye. Imodoka za miliyoni zifite ibikoresho bya CHAdeMO ziracyari mu nzira. Mu masoko nk'Ubwongereza n'Ubuyapani, CHAdeMO iracyari igice cy'ingenzi cy'umuyoboro rusange. Byongeye kandi, mu isi y'imodoka zikomeye na bisi, bamwe mu bakora imodoka baracyakunda uburyo bworoshye bwa CHAdeMO bushingiye kuri CAN kubera ko yizewe kandi yiteguye gukoresha V2G.

7.3 Isesengura ry'amakuru: Imbuga ku gipimo

Raporo ziherutse ku isoko zigaragaza ko mu Burayi, ibyambu bya CCS2 ubu biruta ibyambu bya CHAdeMO ku gipimo cy’ibirenze 10 kuri 1. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, impinduka zirushaho kuba mbi cyane, aho sitasiyo nyinshi nshya zitari CHAdeMO burundu ahubwo zigahitamo imiterere ibiri ya CCS/NACS. "Umurizo muremure" wa CHAdeMO ushobora gukomeza indi myaka icumi, ariko igihe cyayo nk'amahame akomeye ku isi cyararangiye.

[Bizakomeza mu makuru akurikiraho...]

8. Adaptari zisanzwe n'imbogamizi zo gukorana: Fiziki yo "Kuziba Icyuho"

Uko isi igenda ihinduka igana ku mahame amwe n’amwe akomeye, ikibazo cy’agaciro ka miliyoni y’amadolari ku batunze amashanyarazi benshi ni iki: “Ese nshobora gukoresha adaptateri?” Igisubizo ni kitoroshye mu by’ikoranabuhanga kandi kikubiyemo ibirenze gusa gushushanya pin ifatika.

8.1 Agasanduku koroshye: Adaptateri za AC

Guhuza ibipimo bya AC (urugero, Ubwoko bwa 1 ukajya Ubwoko bwa 2) biroroshye cyane. Izi ni adaptateri "zidasobanutse" zihindura insinga z'umuringa. Porotokole y'itumanaho (PWM signaling) ni imwe muri sisitemu zose za AC zishingiye kuri J1772 na Mennekes.

8.2 Agasanduku k'Inzobere: Adaptateri za DC

Adaptateri za DC, nka adaptateri ya Tesla-to-CHAdeMO cyangwa adaptateri ya CCS1-to-NACS, zirahambaye cyane.

• Guhindura Porotokole:Mu gihe uhindura indimi ebyiri zitandukanye z'itumanaho (urugero: imodoka ya CHAdeMO igerageza gukoresha charger ya CCS), adaptateri igomba kuba irimo microcontroller ikora. Iyi chip ikora nk'"umusemuzi", yumva ibimenyetso bya bisi bya CAN biva mu modoka kandi igatanga ibimenyetso bya PLC/ISO 15118 bihuye na charger. Ibi bitanga gutinda no gutsindwa.
• Gukurikirana ubushyuhe:Kubera ko adaptateri zishyira ahantu ho guhurira, zikunze gushyuha cyane. Adaptateri ya DC nziza igomba kugira sensor zayo z'ubushyuhe bw'imbere zishobora gutanga ikimenyetso ku modoka cyo gusubiza inyuma umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu gihe umurongo ushyushye cyane.
• Umutekano n'umutekano wa Voltage Arcing:Gusharija byihuse bya DC bisaba ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi. Iyo umukoresha agerageje gukuramo adaptateri mu gihe umuriro urimo gutemba, amashanyarazi ashobora gucika cyane, akangiza ibikoresho cyangwa agakomeretsa. Adaptateri zigomba kuba zifite uburyo bwo gufunga bwa mekanike cyangwa ikoranabuhanga bujyanye n'itegeko ry'ikinyabiziga ryo "guhagarika gusharija".

8.3 Impinduka ya Tesla/NACS

Uburyo bwakoreshejwe neza cyane mu gushyiraho adaptateri za DC ni “Magic Dock” ya Tesla hamwe na adaptateri zayo zigenga za CCS-to-Tesla. Kubera ko NACS ikoresha protocole y'itumanaho ya CCS, izi adaptateri "zidakora" mu buryo bwa tekiniki ariko ziracyakeneye imicungire y'ubushyuhe yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane hamwe n'uburyo bwo gufunga physique kugira ngo zikore umuvuduko wo gusharija wa 250 kW+ .

9. Igipimo cya ChaoJi: Ikiraro gihuza Isi n'Imbaraga Zikomeye

Kubera ko bizeye ko hari aho ibipimo ngenderwaho bya CHAdeMO na GB/T biriho ubu, Ishyirahamwe rya CHAdeMO n'Inama y'Ubushinwa ishinzwe amashanyarazi (CEC) byahuje imbaraga kugira ngo biteze imbereChaoJi(izwi kandi nka CHAdeMO 3.0).

9.1 Intego z'igishushanyo: Ibirenze 500 kW

ChaoJi yagenewe ejo hazaza. Intego yayo nyamukuru ni ugushyigikira gusharija ingufu nyinshi cyane—kugeza kuri 900 kW (1500V na 600A). Ibi bigamije isoko ry’amakamyo n’amabisi akomeye, aho gusharija bateri ya 500 kWh mu minota 20 ari ngombwa kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kuba myiza.

9.2 Ubwubatsi bw'Ubumenyingiro

• Guhuza inyuma:Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje cyane kuri ChaoJi ni uburyo ikorana n’imodoka inyuma. Iyi konvoteri yakozwe ku buryo adaptateri zishobora guhuza imodoka za ChaoJi byoroshye na CHAdeMO, GB/T, ndetse na CCS chargers zisanzweho.
• Umuhuza woroshye:Umuyoboro wa ChaoJi ni muto cyane kandi woroshye kurusha imiyoboro ya CHAdeMO cyangwa CCS Combo 2 iriho ubu. Ikoresha imiterere mishya ya pin ihindura ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi kandi ikagabanya imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ayishyiremo.
• Isuzuma ry’igenzura rigezweho:ChaoJi ishyiraho ingamba zo gutumanaho "zikoresha uburyo bubiri". Ishobora gushyigikira bisi isanzwe ya CAN (kuri sisitemu zishaje) ndetse na porogaramu za digitale zihuta cyane mu bikorwa bizaza.
• Ibiranga umutekano:ChaoJi irimo ibintu bigezweho nka "Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker" (ELCB) hamwe n'uburyo bugezweho bwo kumenya ubushuhe mu mutwe w'icyuma gihuza, bigatuma habaho umutekano ndetse no kuri 1500V.

9.3 Ingaruka ku Isi

ChaoJi ishobora kuba uburyo bwo "gusubiza" ku ntambara zisanzwe. Iyo ikoreshejwe cyane muri Aziya no ku bikorwa bikomeye ku isi, ishobora kuba ihame ry’ibintu byose binini kurusha imodoka itwara abagenzi, mu gihe CCS/NACS ari yo iyoboye isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa n’abaguzi.

10. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Gusharija Megawatt, Bateri za Solid-State, no Guhuza Wireless

Ikoranabuhanga ryo mu 2024 ni intangiriro gusa. Mu myaka icumi iri imbere hazabaho impinduka eshatu zikomeye mu buryo dukoresha ingufu mu binyabiziga.

10.1 Sisitemu yo Gukoresha Megawatt (MCS)

Ku modoka nini cyane—amakamyo yo mu bwoko bwa 8, amato, ndetse n’indege nto—ndetse na 350 kW iragenda buhoro cyane. Sisitemu yo gushyushya Megawatt (MCS) ni igipimo gishya cyagenewe kugeza kuri 3.75 MW (3.000A kuri 1.250V). MCS ikoresha icyuma gihuza ingufu gishya rwose hamwe na verisiyo yihariye ya protocole ya ISO 15118. Ifata itumanaho rya PLC kuri CCS ariko ikongera ibyuma bifatika kugeza ku rwego rutigeze rubaho.

10.2 Bateri zo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'imirongo yo gushyushya

"Umuvuduko wo gushyushya" w'iki gihe ugengwa n'imiterere ya shimi ya bateri za lithium-ion. Uko bateri yuzura, umuvuduko wo gushyushya ugomba kugabanuka kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika. Bateri za Solid-state (SSB) zisezeranya guhindura ibi. SSB zishobora kwihanganira C-rate iri hejuru cyane, bivuze ko zishobora kugumana umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gushyushya (urugero, 350 kW) kuva kuri 0% kugeza kuri 80% cyangwa 90% SoC. Ibi bizashyira igitutu gikomeye ku bigo bishyushya kugira ngo bitange umusaruro uhoraho kandi ufite ingufu nyinshi nta bushyuhe bukabije.

10.3 Gusharija DC idafite umugozi

Nubwo ahanini bibanda kuri plugs, chargeur indless (inductive) irimo gukura. chargeur idateless irimo gukoreshwa muri bisi zitwara abantu. Igice gikurikiraho niihindagurikaGusharija nta mugozi—imiyoboro iri mu muhanda isharija imodoka mu gihe itwaye. Ukurikije protocole, ibi bishobora gushingira kuri verisiyo yahinduwe ya ISO 15118, ikoresha Wi-Fi cyangwa DSRC mu guhanahana aho gukoresha insinga ya Control Pilot.

11. Ubuhanga bwo Kwibira mu Kiyaga: PLC ugereranije na CAN Signal Integrity na Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Ku bahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bari mu cyumba, guhitamo hagati ya PLC na CAN bikunze kuganirwaho mu bijyanye n’ubuziranenge bw’ibimenyetso.

11.1 Akamaro ka bisi za CAN

CAN ni ikimenyetso gitandukanya, bivuze ko irwanya urusaku rw’uburyo busanzwe. Mu kirere cy’urusaku rw’amashanyarazi cya 300 kW DC—aho guhinduranya ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu buryo bwihuta bitera ingaruka zikomeye z’amashanyarazi (EMI)—CAN bus ni igikoresho gikomeye cyane. Isaba insinga zoroshye kandi biragoye cyane “kuzivanga.”

11.2 Irushanwa rya PLC

PLC (HomePlug Green PHY) ikora hagati ya 2 MHz na 30 MHz. Iyi ni interi y'ingufu zimwe aho abahindura DC-DC benshi basohora urusaku. Kugira ngo PLC ikore neza muri charger ya CCS, injeniyeri bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa ibi bikurikira:

• Gusesengura Bandpass mu buryo bugezweho:Gutandukanya ikimenyetso cy'itumanaho n'urusaku rwo guhindura amashanyarazi.
• Guhuza Impedance:Impedance y'insinga yo gusharija irahinduka iyo ifunguye cyangwa yimuwe, ibi bikaba bishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bya PLC bigatera gutakaza amakuru.
• Gukosora amakosa:ISO 15118 irimo gukosora amakosa akomeye ku rwego rwa porogaramu kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu guhangana n' "ipaki yaguye" rimwe na rimwe iterwa n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

Iyi nkunga y’ikoranabuhanga ni yo mpamvu akenshi charger za CCS zihenze cyane kuzishushanya no kuzitangaho icyemezo kurusha charger za CHAdeMO.

12. Umwanzuro: Gukurikirana ahazaza h’ibikorwa remezo bya EV

Ihangana riri hagati ya CCS na CHAdeMO ryabaye igice cy’ingenzi mu mateka y’ubwikorezi burambye. Ryari inzitizi y’imico: ubwizerwe bw’Ubuyapani bushingiye ku buryo bufatika, bushingiye kuri CAN ugereranyije n’icyerekezo cy’ibihugu by’Iburengerazuba cy’urusobe rw’amashanyarazi rugezweho, ruyobowe na PLC.

Mu gihe dusoza iki gikorwa cyo gushakisha ibintu byimbitse, hari ukuri gutandukanye kugaragara:

1. Guhuza ibintu ntabwo ari ngombwa:Isoko ntirishobora gukomeza amahame atatu cyangwa ane atandukanye ya DC iteka ryose. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, NACS (leveraging CCS logic) ni yo itsinze. Mu Burayi, CCS2 ni yo mwami. Muri Aziya, guhuzwa kwa CHAdeMO na GB/T muri ChaoJi ni isoko rishya ry’imbaraga.
2. Porogaramu niyo Connector nshya:Uko adaptateri zifatika zigenda zirushaho kuba nyinshi kandi zizewe,umubiriimiterere y'agakingirizo iba itagifite agaciro kurushaporogaramuprotocole. Icyitegererezo cya ISO 15118/PLC gisa nkaho gihamye, kuko na NACS na MCS babyemeje.
3. V2G ni porogaramu y'umwicanyi:Impinduka kuva ku "gucana imodoka" kugeza ku "kuringaniza ikoranabuhanga" ni yo mbogamizi ikomeye ikurikiraho. CHAdeMO yatweretse inzira, ariko ahazaza hazubakwa ku murongo uhamye kandi utekanye wa ISO 15118.

Ku nganda za EV, "Intambara zisanzwe" ntizirangirana n'umuntu umwe watsinze ku isi, ahubwo zirangirana n'ubwumvikane busesuye mu karere. Waba ukoresheje lever ya CHAdeMO cyangwa connector nziza ya NACS, intego nyamukuru izakomeza kuba imwe: urujya n'uruza rw'ingufu rwihuse, rukora neza kandi rusukuye kugira ngo rushyire imbaraga mu gihe kizaza cy'ingendo. Amasomo y'ubuhanga yigirwa mu gihe cya CCS na CHAdeMO azaba nk'ishingiro ry'ikinyejana gitaha cy'udushya mu by'amashanyarazi.

Umugereka wa Tekiniki Wagutse: Isesengura rigereranya ISO 15118 Layers vs. CHAdeMO CAN Frames

Kugira ngo turusheho kugaragaza uburebure bw'ubu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, reka turebe urwego rwihariye rwa OSI rukoreshwa.

Igice cy'itumanaho cya CHAdeMO:

• Icyiciro gifatika:CAN 2.0B (500 kbps), ibimenyetso bya 12V bitandukanye.
• Urukurikirane rw'amakuru:Amakaramu asanzwe ya CAN afite indangamuntu zihariye (urugero, 0 × 100 kuri EVSE status, 0 × 101 kuri EV status).
• Icyiciro cy'Ikoreshwa:Ubutumwa bwa CHAdeMO bw’umuntu ku giti cye bushyizweho, bukurikiranye neza.

CCS (ISO 15118) Itumanaho:

• Icyiciro gifatika:IEEE 1901 (HomePlug Green PHY) ku igenzura rya pilote.
• Urukurikirane rw'amakuru:Ethernet (urwego rwa MAC).
• Urusobe rw'umuyoboro/Ubwikorezi:IPv6, TCP, UDP.
• Icyiciro cy'Isomo/Icyerekanwa:V2GTP (Porotoli yo Kohereza Imodoka Kuva Kuri Grid), XML/EXI (Ikoranabuhanga rya XML Interchange).
• Icyiciro cy'Ikoreshwa:Ubutumwa bw'imikorere bwa ISO 15118-2/20 (urugero, ChargeParameterDiscovery, PowerDelivery).

Ubuhanga bw'iyi CCS stack buri hejuru cyane kurusha CHAdeMO. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya ISO 15118 risaba sisitemu yuzuye y'imikorere (ubusanzwe ni uburyohe bwa Linux cyangwa RTOS igezweho) kugira ngo ikore gusa iyi network stack, mu gihe CHAdeMO ishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa kuri microcontroller yoroshye ya 8-bit cyangwa 16-bit. Iri tandukaniro risobanura impamvu chargers za mbere za CCS zagize "ibibazo bya porogaramu" n'ibibazo byo gukorana kurusha chargers za CHAdeMO, ariko nanone risobanura impamvu CCS ikwiriye cyane ibibazo by'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza.

Incamake ya nyuma y'itandukaniro ry'ingenzi mu bya tekiniki

Mu gihe isi y’imodoka igenda igana ku hazaza hatazamo imyuka ihumanya ikirere, guhuza aya mahame binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga nka ChaoJi no gukoresha uburyo bwo gutumanaho bwa ISO 15118 bigaragaza intangiriro y’urusobe rw’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ku isi yose. “Intambara y’ama-plug” iri guha umwanya “ubwumvikane bw’ama-plug.” Guhuza kwa ChaoJi, ADN ihuriweho ya ISO 15118, hamwe n’izamuka rya sisitemu zo mu bwoko bwa megawatt (MCS) bivuze ko chargers z’ejo zizavuga ururimi rumwe nubwo zaba zambaye amasura atandukanye.

Icyo "Ubumwe" busobanura mu by'ukuri mu bikorwa

Ku bakoresha imiyoboro y'itumanaho, ahazaza h'abantu bose hahinduka ibintu bitatu bifatika:

• Guhuza Porotokole:ISO 15118-20 izashyigikira V2G, Plug & Charge, no gusharija neza kuri buri sharija. Sharija ikoresha ISO 15118 muri iki gihe izakomeza kuba ingenzi kuri porogaramu mu gihe cy'imyaka icumi, nubwo sharija zigenda zihinduka.
• Gukorana neza mu buryo bw'umubiri:Udukoresho two gukwirakwiza amakuru dutatu (CCS + NACS, cyangwa adaptateri za CCS + ChaoJi) hamwe na modules zishobora guhindurwamo ikoranabuhanga bivuze ko ibikoresho bitagikeneye "gutega" ku gipimo kimwe.
• Ihuza ry'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani:Ubufatanye bwa ChaoJi hagati y’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibikoresho mu Bushinwa no mu Buyapani ni ikimenyetso cyumvikana cy’uko n’amahame ahanganye mu mateka ashobora guhuzwa—ChaoJi yagenewe kuba uburyo bwo gushyushya vuba bwa DC ku isi yose bujyanye na GB/T, CHAdeMO, na CCS binyuze mu mashini zikoresha adaptateri.

Uburyo bwo gufata ingamba

"Intambara y'amamashini akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi" yatwaye imbaraga nyinshi mu buhanga no kwamamaza, ariko abatsinze bahoraga ari imodoka n'imiyoboro byakomeje guhinduka. Amabwiriza arimo guhuzwa kuko fiziki isangiwe: buri gipimo gitanga ingufu za DC kuva kuri converter ihujwe na grid muri bateri, kandi urwego rw'itumanaho rurimo guhuzwa na ISO 15118. Ikintu gitandukanya ntabwo kikiri connector charger yambara, ahubwo ni uburyo ikoresha ingufu nyinshi—uburyo itanga ingufu, imikorere myiza, igihe cyo gukora, n'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga.

Inyungu ya V2G

Guhuza si ubwiza gusa—bifungura umuyoboro munini w’agaciro katagerwaho mu nganda: imodoka iva kuri grid. ISO 15118-20 ni yo ngamba ya mbere ku isi yose igena uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu mu cyerekezo cy’ibice bibiri, ibiciro bya V2G, no kwemeza neza Plug & Charge mu buryo bumwe buhuriweho. Iyo charger ya CCS2 n’ishajara ya NACS bivuga ururimi rumwe rwa ISO 15118, imodoka y’i Burayi n’iy’Amerika ya Ruguru zishobora kwitabira gahunda zimwe zo gusubiza ibyo zikeneye, amasoko agenga inshuro, na gahunda z’ingufu zihutirwa. CHAdeMO ni yo yatangije V2G, ariko protocole yayo ishingiye kuri CAN ntiyigeze ishyirwaho mu biganiro by’umutekano wa interineti no gushyushya neza nk’uko ISO 15118 ibivuga. Niyo mpamvu ihame ryatakaje intambara yo guhuza riri gutsinda intambara y’ingufu—kandi impamvu buri mukozi wese w’ikoranabuhanga ubu agaragaza ubushobozi bwa ISO 15118-20 mu bikoresho bishya.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imiterere ya ISO 15118 ya CCS ishingiye kuri PLC yatsinze intambara y'itumanaho kuko igera kuri V2G, Plug & Charge, na megawatt zizaza, mu gihe CAN bus ya CHAdeMO ikomeje kuba inkingi y'umurage.
• ChaoJi igaragaza ko Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bya CCS bishobora guhuriza hamwe ku buryo bwa DC bufite imbaraga nyinshi.
• Ku bakoresha, ingaruka zishingiye ku bipimo zirashoboka: hitamo ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwa ISO 15118 bifite aho bihurira bishobora guhindurwa kandi uzaba uri mu bwishingizi uko byagenda kose aho plug itsindira mu karere.
• Ikibuga gikurikiraho cyo guhangana si umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi—ni umuvuduko wo gusharija, ubwizerwe, no guhuza gridi.

Contact MIDA Power ikora chargers za DC zihuta ziteguye ejo hazaza hahujwe: Inkunga ya ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, OCPP compliance, hamwe n'ibihuza bishobora guhindurwa harimo CCS1, CCS2, CHAdeMO, NACS, na GB-T. Waba uri kubaka isoko ry'Abashinwa, Abanyaburayi, cyangwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, ibikoresho byacu byakozwe kugira ngo bikomeze kuba ingenzi uko amahame ahura. Twandikire kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro bya tekiniki n'igiciro.