Ukuchaza iMigangatho ye-EV yeHlabathi: iCCS vs iCHAdeMO, iV2G Evolution, kunye neChaoJi

Ukucacisa iNdawo yokuTshaja ye-EV yeHlabathi: Ukungena ngokuBanzi koBugcisa kwiCCS ngokuchasene ne-CHAdeMO Protocols, i-ISO 15118 vs i-CAN Bus Communication, i-V2G Evolution, kunye nokuvela kweChaoJi Standard

1. Intshayelelo: Uphuhliso lwe-DC Fast Charging kunye nokufuna iStandardization

Utshintsho oluya ekuhambeni kombane alukokutshintsha nje kwindlela yokuqhuba iimoto kodwa luhlengahlengiso olusisiseko lokusasazwa kwamandla kunye nokuziphatha kwabathengi. Intliziyo yolu tshintsho kukho iziseko zokutshaja, ngakumbi ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo kwangoku (DC) (DCFC). Njengoko izithuthi zombane (ii-EV) zisuke kwiiprojekthi zovavanyo ezingundoqo ukuya kwizisombululo zothutho eziphambili, imfuneko yokutshaja okukhawulezileyo, okuthembekileyo, nokusemgangathweni iye yaba yinto ephambili. Nangona kunjalo, indlela eya ekumiselweni komgangatho ibingahambelani nayo nayiphi na indlela. Eli shishini lichazwe lukhuphiswano lweminyaka emininzi phakathi kwezakhiwo ezimbini eziphambili: iCombined Charging System (CCS) kunye nomgangatho we-CHAdeMO.

Kwimihla yokuqala yee-EV zanamhlanje—malunga neminyaka yoo-2000 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2010—indawo yayiyindawo “yaseNtshona Engaqhelekanga” enemigangatho yobunini neyasekuqaleni. I-Nissan LEAF, eyaziswa ngo-2010, yayixhasa umgangatho we-CHAdeMO, owaqala eJapan. Yaphuhliswa yi-CHAdeMO Association (umdibaniso we-TEPCO, iNissan, iMitsubishi, kunye nabanye), yayiyeyona nkqubo yokuqala yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ye-DC esasazwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi liphela. I-CHAdeMO inikezele ngeqonga eliqinileyo, elilungele ukujikeleziswa kweendlela ezimbini elalisebenzisa ibhasi yeController Area Network (CAN) kunxibelelwano, inkqubo esele igxile kakhulu kubunjineli beemoto.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abavelisi baseYurophu naseMelika bafuna indlela edibeneyo ngakumbi. Endaweni yokuba neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja i-AC ne-DC—njengoko izithuthi ze-CHAdeMO zenze njalo—bacebise iCombined Charging System (CCS). I-CCS isebenzise isixhumi se-“Combo” esongeza iiphini ze-DC kwimigangatho ye-AC ekhoyo (uHlobo 1 eMntla Melika kunye noHlobo 2 eYurophu). Ngaphaya kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, i-CCS ikhethe indlela yonxibelelwano eyahlukileyo kakhulu: uNxibelelwano lweeMigca zoMbane (PLC) olusekelwe kwimigangatho ye-ISO 15118 kunye ne-DIN 70121.

Olu mahluko kulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ludale imakethi ehlukeneyo. Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, abaqhubi be-EV, abaqhubi bezikhululo zokutshaja (ii-CPO), kunye nabenzi beemoto baye bahamba kwindawo enzima apho ukuhambelana kwezithuthi kuxhomekeke kwindawo yejografi kunye nokukhetha komenzi. Ukhuphiswano phakathi kweCCS kunye neCHAdeMO alukho nje malunga nokuma kweplagi; yimfazwe yefilosofi yonxibelelwano, i-topology yesekethe, kunye nempembelelo yejografi.

Njengoko sijonge kwiminyaka yoo-2030, imeko iyatshintsha kwakhona. Ngokunyuka kweNorth American Charging Standard (NACS)—eyamkela ngokuyintloko iprotocol yonxibelelwano lweCCS ngendlela eyahlukileyo—kunye nophuhliso lomgangatho weChaoJi wesizukulwana esilandelayo, eli shishini lisiya ekudibaneni okunokwenzeka, nokuba akulula. Eli nqaku libonelela ngohlalutyo lobuchwephesha olunzulu lomahluko phakathi kweCCS kunye neCHAdeMO, lihlola iinkcukacha ezibanzi zee-stacks zabo zonxibelelwano, ifiziksi yezihlanganisi zabo, amandla emarike aqhuba ukuvela kwazo, kunye nekamva lokutshaja ngamandla aphezulu kakhulu.

2. IiProtokholi zoNxibelelwano: ISO 15118 (PLC) vs. CHAdeMO (CAN)

Umahluko omkhulu wobuchwephesha phakathi kweCCS kunye neCHAdeMO ukwindlela isithuthi (i-EV) kunye neZixhobo zoMbane zoKubonelela ngeZithuthi zoMbane (i-EVSE) ezithetha ngayo. Olu nxibelelwano lubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukhuseleko, ukuqinisekisa imeko yebhetri, ukujongana nombane kunye namanqanaba angoku, kunye nokuphatha ulwazi lokuhlawulisa.

2.1 Indlela ye-CHAdeMO: Unxibelelwano lweeBhasi ze-CAN

I-CHAdeMO isebenzisa iprotokholi yebhasi yeController Area Network (CAN). Kwimeko yobunjineli beemoto, i-CAN “lulwimi oluqhelekileyo.” Yaphuhliswa nguBosch ngeminyaka yoo-1980 ukuze kubekho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo nolungenangxolo phakathi kweeyunithi zolawulo lwe-elektroniki (ii-ECU) ngaphakathi kwisithuthi. I-CHAdeMO isebenzisa isibini se-CAN esizinikeleyo ngaphakathi kwintambo yokutshaja ukuze kube lula ukuxhawulana phakathi kwetshaja nemoto.

Iprotokholi ye-CHAdeMO ilula kakhulu. Ilandela ulandelelwano olucacileyo lwemiqondiso. Xa kufakwa iplagi ye-CHAdeMO, isignali ebonakalayo ye-12V iqalisa inkqubo. Imoto kunye netshaja emva koko zitshintshiselana ngolwazi olusisiseko ngebhasi ye-CAN, njengombane ophezulu ibhetri enokwamkela kunye nombane ophezulu itshaja enokubonelela ngawo. Ngenxa yokuba i-CAN yiprotokholi yexesha langempela, i-CHAdeMO inokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kutshintsho kwimeko yebhetri okanye ukuphazamiseka kokhuseleko.

Enye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zoyilo lwe-CHAdeMO/CAN yinkxaso yayo yendalo yokuhamba kwamandla kwicala ngalinye (V2G/V2H). Ngenxa yokuba unxibelelwano lusekelwe kwii-CAN ID ezilula nezichazwe kakuhle, ukusebenzisa iimpawu zesithuthi ukuya kwigridi kwakunokwenzeka phantse kwasekuqaleni. I-CHAdeMO ivumela itshaja ukuba icele amandla kwibhetri yemoto, okwenza kube lula ukulawula amaza kunye namandla okugcina ekhaya.

2.2 Indlela ye-CCS: i-PLC kunye ne-ISO 15118

I-CCS isebenzisa indlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu ngokusebenzisa iPower Line Communication (PLC). Ngokukodwa, i-CCS isebenzisa umgangatho we-HomePlug Green PHY ukuhambisa idatha ephindaphindayo ngaphezulu kwephini yoLawulo lwePilot (CP) yesixhumi. Olu lwazi emva koko lutolikwa ngelensi yemigangatho ye-ISO 15118 kunye ne-DIN 70121.

Kutheni kufuneka ukhethe i-PLC kune-CAN? Isizathu esiphambili yayikukuqinisekisa ikamva kunye nomthamo wedatha. I-ISO 15118 ayenzelwanga nje kuphela ulawulo olusisiseko lokutshaja, kodwa njengesakhelo esibanzi sonxibelelwano lwedijithali. Ixhasa iimpawu eziphambili ezifana ne-"Plug & Charge," apho isithuthi sizichaza kwaye siphatha intlawulo ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sekhadi le-RFID okanye i-app yeselula. Ukuxhasa ukubethela kunye nezakhiwo zedatha ezintsonkothileyo ezifunekayo kwezi mpawu, i-bandwidth ephezulu kuneebhasi zeCAN eziqhelekileyo ithathwa njengeyimfuneko.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PLC kwazisa ubunzima obukhulu. Ngenxa yokuba i-CP pin ikwasetyenziselwa isignali ye-basic Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) (ukuhamba ukusuka kumgangatho wokutshaja we-J1772 AC), isignali ye-PLC kufuneka ifakwe kwesi signali ye-analog. Oku kufuna ii-transceivers kunye nezihluzi ezinobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingxolo yombane evela kwinkqubo yokutshaja ye-DC enamandla aphezulu ayonakalisi unxibelelwano. Inkqubo "yokuxhawulana ngesandla" kwi-CCS icotha kakhulu kunakwi-CHAdeMO kuba inkqubo kufuneka iseke ikhonkco lenethiwekhi, yenze unxibelelwano olusekelwe kwi-IP (TCP/IPv6), kwaye itshintshiselane ngemiyalezo esekelwe kwi-XML.

2.3 Isishwankathelo sothelekiso lweProtocol

Urhwebo phakathi kwe-CAN kunye ne-PLC lolona lulula xa kuthelekiswa nobuchule. Inkqubo ye-CAN ye-CHAdeMO ikhawuleza, ithembekile, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ayinazo izakhiwo zonxibelelwano ezintsonkothileyo nezinemigangatho efunekayo ukuze kubekho ukuzulazula okukhuselekileyo kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokutshintshiselana kwedatha kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Inkqubo ye-ISO 15118/PLC ye-CCS yi-stack yonxibelelwano enamandla, ekumgangatho weshishini evumela iimpawu ze-smart-grid eziphambili, kodwa ibiza iindleko zobunzima behardware kunye nendawo yonxibelelwano olubuthathaka ngakumbi.

3. I-Underlying Circuit Topology kunye ne-Power Electronics

Umahluko phakathi kweCCS kunye neCHAdeMO udlulela ngaphaya kwesoftware kunye nonxibelelwano ukuya kulwakhiwo olusisiseko lombane lwenkqubo yokutshaja. Zombini iinkqubo zijolise ekuhambiseni i-DC ene-voltage ephezulu ngqo kwibhetri, zidlula i-AC-to-DC converter yesithuthi, kodwa zisingatha umbane kunye nokwahlulwa kokhuseleko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

3.1 Ukuxhawulana ngezandla kunye neeLoops zoKhuseleko

Kwimeko yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC, i-EVSE ngokuyintloko ngumbane we-DC onamandla aphezulu olawulwa sisithuthi. Ukhuseleko lwale nkqubo luxhomekeke kwizixhobo ezingafunekiyo kunye ne-software interlocks.

I-ChadeMO Topology:I-CHAdeMO ixhomekeke kuthotho lwee-contactors ezibonakalayo kunye nemigca yesignali ye-12V ukulawula imeko yesekethe yokutshaja. Ulandelelwano lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Unxibelelwano olubonakalayo kunye nokuchonga.
2. Isignali ye-12V yokuxhawulana ngesandla ukusuka kwi-EV ukuya kwi-EVSE.
3. Unxibelelwano lweebhasi ze-CAN luyaqala.
4. I-EVSE yenza uvavanyo lokukhusela ubushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphene zomhlaba kwintambo okanye kwisixhumi.
5. Isithuthi siyazivalela ii-contactors zangaphakathi ze-DC.
6. I-EVSE iqala ukubonelela ngombane.

Isekethe ye-CHAdeMO yenzelwe ukuba "ingabi nasiphako" kwinqanaba lehardware. Ukuba isignali ye-12V ilahlekile, i-EVSE kufuneka iyeke ngoko nangoko ukuhamba kombane.

I-CCS Topology:I-CCS isebenzisa i-topology edibeneyo ephuma kwimigangatho yokutshaja ye-AC. Isebenzisa iiphini ze-Control Pilot (CP) kunye ne-Proximity Pilot (PP).

1. Iphini yePP ibonisa ukuba iplagi ifakiwe kwaye i-latch ivaliwe.
2. Iphini ye-CP isebenzisa isignali ye-PWM ukubonisa imeko ye-EVSE kunye nomthamo wayo wangoku.
3. Unxibelelwano lwe-PLC lusekwe phezu komgca we-CP.
4. Uthethathethwano lwedijithali lwenzeka nge-ISO 15118.
5. Ukubeka iliso ekubekweni ecaleni kuyenziwa.
6. Iicontactor zeDC zivaliwe.

Kwi-CCS, utshintsho ukusuka ekutshajeni kwe-AC ukuya kwi-DC luphathwa yi-Control Pilot logic efanayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kubavelisi ukwakha izithuthi ezixhasa zombini iintlobo zokutshaja nge-port enye edibeneyo.

3.2 Amanqanaba oMbane kunye neMida yoBushushu

Izixhobo zombane ezikwisikhululo sokutshaja kufuneka zikwazi ukuguqula i-voltage kunye ne-current dynamically.

• I-CHAdeMO:Ngokwembali, i-CHAdeMO yayinomda kwi-50 kW (500V, 125A). Nangona umgangatho uhlaziyiwe (CHAdeMO 2.0) ukuxhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400 kW, zimbalwa kakhulu izithuthi okanye iitshaja ezisebenzise la manqanaba aphezulu. Umda udla ngokuba shushu; ngaphandle kokupholisa ulwelo olusebenzayo kwintambo, ukugcina ngaphezulu kwe-200A kunzima kwisixhumi se-CHAdeMO ngenxa yokumelana nokuchukumisa.
• I-CCS:I-CCS yenzelwe kucingelwa ii-silingi eziphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa iintambo ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo kunye nezihlanganisi, i-CCS2 (uhlobo lwaseYurophu) inokugcina imisinga efikelela kwi-500A kunye nee-voltage ezifikelela kwi-1000V, nto leyo evumela isantya sokutshaja se-350 kW nangaphezulu. Uyilo lwe-CCS, ngakumbi kwifomathi yohlobo lwe-2, lubonelela ngendawo engcono yomphezulu wee-DC pins ezinamandla aphezulu, nto leyo enciphisa ubushushu obuveliswa kwindawo yokujonga.

3.3 Ukubeka esweni ukuhlukaniswa kunye nokubeka isiseko

Inkalo ebalulekileyo ye-DC circuit topology yinkqubo yokubeka esweni i-isolation monitoring system (IMS). Ekubeni ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kubandakanya ii-voltages ezinokudlula i-800V, inkqubo kufuneka ihlale ijonga ukumelana phakathi kwee-DC rails ezilungileyo/ezingalunganga kunye nomhlaba we-chassis.

• Iitshaja ze-CHAdeMO zihlala zine-IMS edibeneyo evala inqanaba lombane ukuba ukuhlukaniswa kwehle ngaphantsi komda othile (ngesiqhelo yi-100 ohms nge-volt nganye).
• Iinkqubo zeCCS nazo zifuna ukujongwa kokuhlukaniswa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba unxibelelwano lwePLC lwenzeka kwi-CP pin (ebhekiselwe emhlabeni), kukho umngcipheko wethiyori wokuphazamiseka phakathi kwee-DC rails ezine-voltage ephezulu kunye nesignali yonxibelelwano ukuba ukuhlukaniswa kuyachaphazeleka. Ukucoca okuphucukileyo kwi-hardware yeCCS kuyafuneka ukunciphisa oku.

3.4 Amandla e-elektroniki abhekisa kwicala elinye

I-topology yesekethe yokutshaja kabini iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. Ifuna i-inverter ngaphakathi kwe-EVSE (okanye imoto) enokuvumelanisa ne-AC frequency yegridi.

• I-CHAdeMO:Umgangatho uchaza iprotokholi ye-V2X (iMoto ukuya kwinto yonke) kwinqanaba le-CAN, evumela itshaja yangaphandle ukuba isebenze njenge-inverter. Oku kwenza kube lula izixhobo ze-elektroniki zemoto kodwa kwenza "itshaja ye-V2G" ibize kakhulu.
• I-CCS:Umgangatho we-ISO 15118-20 (owona mvanje) ekugqibeleni uzisa inkxaso eqinileyo yecala ngalinye kwi-CCS. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphumeza oku kufuna utshintsho olukhulu kwii-elektroniki zamandla ezikwinqwelo kunye ne-PLC communication stack, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhutshweni kancinci kweempawu ze-V2G kwiimoto ezihambelana ne-CCS xa kuthelekiswa nezinye zazo ze-CHAdeMO.

[Kuza kuqhubeka kuhlaziyo olulandelayo...]

4. Ubunjineli boQhagamshelo: Amandla oomatshini, uLawulo lobushushu, kunye noVavanyo loKhuseleko

Unxibelelwano olubonakalayo phakathi kwe-EV kunye netshaja luyimveliso yobunjineli obuchanekileyo. Kufuneka iphathe amakhulu ee-kilowatts zamandla, inyamezele amawaka emijikelo yoqhagamshelo, kwaye imelane neemeko zemozulu ezibi ngelixa ikhuselekile kumthengi oqhelekileyo ukuba ayiphathe. Iifilosofi zoyilo lwezihlanganisi zeCCS kunye neCHAdeMO zimele iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokusombulula le mingeni.

4.1 Uyilo lweMishini kunye neendlela zokuTshixa

Isixhumi sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza se-DC asiyoplagi nje kuphela; sisixhobo sokuqhagamshela esitshixiweyo nesinombane ophezulu.

• Isinxibelelanisi se-CHAdeMO:Iplagi ye-CHAdeMO yaziwa ngokuma kwayo okukhulu, okungqukuva kunye ne-mechanical latching lever. Isebenzisa uthotho lweepini zamandla kunye nesignali. Uphawu oluphambili loyilo lwe-CHAdeMO kukuba indlela yokutshixa idla ngokudityaniswa kwi-connector ngokwayo. Xa umsebenzisi ecinezela i-trigger aze afake i-plug, ii-interlocks zoomatshini ziqinisekisa ukuba ayinakususwa ngelixa umbane uqhubeka. Iipini zenzelwe ukuba "zigqunywe" ukuthintela ukudibana ngengozi, kwaye i-connector yakhelwe ukusingatha ukuwa okukhulu kunye neempembelelo.
• IsiXhobo seCCS (iCombo 1 kunye neCombo 2):Isixhumi seCCS sivela kwiiplagi ze-AC zohlobo 1 (J1772) kunye nohlobo 2 (Mennekes). Songeza iiphini ezimbini ezinkulu ze-DC ngaphantsi kweseti yephini ye-AC. Ngokungafaniyo ne-CHAdeMO, indlela yokutshixa yeCCS idla ngokufumaneka ngaphakathi kwesango lokutshaja lesithuthi, kungekhona isixhumi. I-actuator ye-electromagnetic emotweni icinezela i-notch kwisixhumi ukuze isibambe endaweni yaso. Oku kuvumela uyilo lwesixhumi esithambileyo kodwa kubeka umthwalo wokuthembeka koomatshini kumenzi wesithuthi.

4.2 Uvavanyo Lokuqina Koomatshini Nokuqina

Zombini ezi migangatho ziphantsi kwemigaqo yovavanyo oluqatha, njengaleyo ichazwe kwi-IEC 62196. Ezi mvavanyo ziquka:

• Amandla okufaka nokurhoxisa:Isixhumi kufuneka sibe lula ngokwaneleyo ukuba umntu asifake kodwa siqine ngokwaneleyo ukuze singathinteli uqhagamshelwano. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izixhumi ezifakwe isilivere zinokuwohloka, zinyuse ukumelana nobushushu.
• Uvavanyo lokuCrush:Zombini izihlanganisi zeCCS kunye neCHAdeMO ziyavavanywa ukuze zisinde xa zitshayiswa yimoto. Indlu akufuneki iqhekeke ngendlela eveza izinto ezinombane ophezulu.
• Ukumelana neempembelelo:Izihlanganisi ziwiswa ukusuka kubude bemitha enye ziye kumgangatho wekhonkrithi amaxesha amaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-insulation yangaphakathi kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini zihlala zilungile.

4.3 Ulawulo lobushushu: Umngeni woMbane oPhezulu

Ubushushu lutshaba lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko umbane (I) usanda, ubushushu obuveliswayo (P = I²R) bukhula ngokukhawuleza.

• Ukupholisa okungasebenziyo:Iitshaja zokuqala ezingama-50 kW zazisebenzisa iintambo zobhedu eziqinileyo ezazixhomekeke ekuchithekeni okungenamsebenzi. Lo mbane ulinganiselwe ukuya kwi-125A okanye i-150A.
• Ukupholisa ulwelo olusebenzayo:Ukuze ifikelele kwi-350 kW (500A), iinkqubo zeCCS zakhokela iintambo ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo. I-coolant (edla ngokuba ngumxube wamanzi-glycol okanye ioyile ekhethekileyo ye-dielectric) ijikeleziswa ngentambo ukuya ngasemva kwee-contact pin. Oku kuvumela intambo encinci, eguquguqukayo ngakumbi ngelixa ilawula umthwalo omkhulu wobushushu.
• Indlela yoBushushu ye-CHAdeMO:Nangona i-CHAdeMO 2.0 ixhasa ukupholisa ulwelo, ukufika komgangatho kamva ekutshajeni ngamandla aphezulu kuthetha ukuba uninzi lweziseko ze-CHAdeMO ezikhoyo zibambeke kwi-50-100 kW. Uyilo lwangaphakathi lweplagi ye-CHAdeMO, kunye neepini zayo ezininzi ezincinci ezijikeleze iipini zombane, lwenza ukupholisa ulwelo kube nzima ngakumbi ukuyisebenzisa xa kuthelekiswa noyilo olwahlulwe ngakumbi lwesixhumi se-CCS Combo.

4.4 Ukutywinwa kokusingqongileyo (Uvavanyo lwe-IP)

Izitishi zokutshaja zichatshazelwa yimvula, ikhephu, kunye nothuli. Uninzi lwezixhumi zilinganiswe kwi-IP54 okanye ngaphezulu. Umahluko obalulekileyo yindlela ezisingatha ngayo ukufuma xaikhutshiweIzihlanganisi zeCCS zihlala zinemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi ukuze amanzi angangeni kwiindawo zokufaka ii-AC pin, ngelixa inkqubo eqinileyo ye-CHAdeMO yokugquma kunye ne-cap yenzelwe ukugcina lonke ubuso besihlanganisi some.

5. I-Geopolitics yeMigangatho ye-EV: Idabi Lolawulo Lwehlabathi

Ibali leCCS vs. CHAdeMO limalunga norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokukhuselwa kwengingqi njengoko limalunga nobunjineli. Ukukhetha umgangatho wokutshaja kunefuthe elikhulu kukhuseleko lwamandla esizwe kunye nokukhuphisana kwabenzi beemoto basekhaya.

5.1 Inqaba yaseYurophu: CCS2

I-European Union yayingumdlali obalulekileyo kwi-"Standard Wars." Ngokuyalela ukusetyenziswa kwesixhumi sohlobo lwesibini sokutshaja i-AC kunye ne-CCS2 yokutshaja i-DC, i-EU yaqinisekisa imakethi emanyeneyo. Oku kwanyanzela abavelisi baseJapan naseMelika ukuba baqhelane. KwaneTesla, eyayisebenzisa isixhumi esizimeleyo ixesha elide e-US, yatshintshela kwi-CCS2 kwiModeli yesi-3 kunye neModeli Y eYurophu. Isigqibo se-EU sasiqhutywa ngumnqweno wokusebenzisana kwimida kunye nokukhetha isitayile sonxibelelwano se-PLC/ISO 15118 esiguquguqukayo ngakumbi, esihambelana nemephu yabo yendlela ye-"Smart Grid".

5.2 Isimo SaseJapan: Imvelaphi ye-CHAdeMO

Ukuzibophelela kweJapan kwi-CHAdeMO yayikukwandisa ukhokelo lwayo kwimarike yokuqala ye-EV. Ukuba ne-EV yokuqala yemarike enkulu (i-LEAF) kuthetha ukuba iJapan yayilawula ibali lokutshaja kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imarike yehlabathi yayitshintsha, iJapan yazifumana ikhutshiwe ngakumbi. Impendulo yayikukuphuhliswa kweChaoJi, umzamo wentsebenziswano neTshayina wokudala umgangatho wesizukulwana esilandelayo onokuthatha indawo ye-CHAdeMO kunye nomgangatho we-GB/T waseTshayina.

5.3 Ubunzima baseMntla Melika: CCS1 vs. NACS

EMantla Melika, imeko yayiqhekekile. IFord, iGM, kunye nabanye basebenzise iCCS1 (i-Type 1 combo). Okwangoku, iTesla yakha inethiwekhi yokutshaja ephumelele kakhulu kwihlabathi isebenzisa isixhumi sayo esikhethekileyo. Kwisiganeko esothusayo ngo-2023, eli shishini latshintsha. IFord yabhengeza ukuba iza kusebenzisa isixhumi seTesla, esabizwa ngokuba yiNorth American Charging Standard (NACS). Okubaluleke kakhulu, iNACS isebenzisaokufanayoIprotokholi yonxibelelwano ye-ISO 15118 PLC njenge-CCS. Ngoko ke, nangona iplagi itshintshe imo, "ubuchopho" benkqubo buhlala buhambelana ne-CCS. Oku kwaphawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuphela kwendlela ye-CHAdeMO kwimarike yase-US, njengoko ne-last holdout (Nissan) yaqala ukutshintsha.

5.4 Indlela yoBukhosi yaseTshayina: GB/T

I-China, eyona marike inkulu ye-EV kwihlabathi, isebenzise indlela yayo yomgangatho we-GB/T. Njenge-CHAdeMO, i-GB/T isebenzisa unxibelelwano lweebhasi ze-CAN kodwa ine-pinout eyahlukileyo yomzimba. Ubuninzi bemarike yaseTshayina buthetha ukuba i-GB/T, ngokwenani leechweba, yeyona migangatho isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukubandakanyeka kwe-China kwiprojekthi ye-ChaoJi kubonisa umnqweno wokulungelelaniswa kwehlabathi kunye namandla aphezulu kakhulu angenakufezekiswa ngumgangatho wangoku we-GB/T.

6. Amandla okutshaja ukusuka kwiGridi ukuya kwiVehicle (V2G): Amandla okutshaja ahamba macala omabini

Itekhnoloji yeVehicle-to-Grid (V2G) ivumela ii-EV ukuba zisebenze njengeebhetri ezinkulu eziphathwayo, zibuyisele umbane kwigrid ngexesha lesidingo esiphezulu okanye zinike umbane wokuxhasa ikhaya (V2H).

6.1 Isiqalo se-CHAdeMO

Kangangeminyaka, ukuba ufuna i-V2G, uthenge imoto ye-CHAdeMO. Ngenxa yokuba unxibelelwano lweebhasi ze-CAN belulula kwaye luhamba kwicala elinye ukususela ngomhla wokuqala, iitshaja ze-CHAdeMO zinokucela umbane ngokulula emotweni. I-Nissan LEAF ibisetyenziswa kubaqhubi be-V2G kwihlabathi liphela kangangeminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Le protocol (CHAdeMO V2X) ivuthiwe kwaye ibhalwe kakuhle.

6.2 Umzabalazo weCCS kunye ne-ISO 15118-20

I-CCS yayilibele ukuya kwiqela le-V2G. Umgangatho wokuqala we-ISO 15118-2 wawungenankxaso eqinileyo yokuhamba kwamandla kwicala ngalinye. Kude kwaba kukukhululwa kwe-ISO 15118-20 apho inkqubo ye-CCS yayinendlela eqhelekileyo yokusingatha iingxoxo ezinzima ezifunekayo kwi-V2G, njengedatha yokuvumelanisa igridi kunye nemida yokukhupha. Ukuphunyezwa kwe--20 kufuna ubuchwepheshe, kufuna izixhobo ezintsha kwisithuthi nakwitshaja. Ngelixa i-CCS ifikelela kwinqanaba, ilifa le-CHAdeMO kweli candelo lihlala liyindawo enamandla yokusetyenziswa kwayo rhoqo kwizithuthi ezithile kunye nezicelo zeenkonzo.

6.3 Uqoqosho lwe-V2G

Umahluko wobuchwephesha nawo uchaphazela iindleko. Kwisetingi ye-CHAdeMO V2G, i-inverter ye-DC-to-AC ebiza kakhulu idla ngokuba kwindawo yokutshaja. Oku kugcina iindleko zemoto ziphantsi kodwa kwenza itshaja ibize kakhulu (idla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-$10,000). Abavelisi be-CCS bahlola zombini i-“DC V2G” (efana ne-CHAdeMO) kunye ne-“AC V2G,” apho itshaja yemoto ekwinqwelo iphatha khona i-inversion. Le yokugqibela inokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zeenkqubo ze-V2H zasekhaya, kodwa ifuna ukuba izixhobo zemoto zibe namandla ngakumbi.

7. Uphuhliso lwesabelo seMarike: Ukunyuka kweCCS kunye nokusinda kweNiche yeCHAdeMO

Ukuba sijonga idatha yowama-2015 xa ithelekiswa nowama-2024, indlela ebonakala ngayo icacile: i-CCS iphumelele idabi lokulwela imarike ephambili, ngelixa i-CHAdeMO itshintshele kwinqanaba lenkxaso elidala okanye elincinci kwiindawo ezininzi ezingaphandle kweJapan.

7.1 Indawo yokuNgqisha

Ukuwa kwe-CHAdeMO kunokulandelwa zizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

1. Ukulahlwa koMvelisi:Xa iVolkswagen, iBMW, kunye neFord kunye neGM zathi zanikezela kwiCCS, ikamva leCHAdeMO eNtshona lavalwa.
2. Izikhuthazo zeZiseko zoPhuhliso:Izibonelelo zikarhulumente eMelika naseYurophu (njengenkqubo ye-NEVI eMelika) ziye zabeka phambili i-CCS, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kungabi nzuzo kangako kwii-CPO ukufaka iiplagi ze-CHAdeMO.
3. Imida yamandla:Ukungakwazi kweziseko ezininzi ze-CHAdeMO ukudlula i-50 kW kwenze ukuba ingabi nomtsalane kubanini bee-EV zanamhlanje ezineebhetri ezinkulu ezinokuthwala i-150 kW+.

7.2 Ukusinda kweNiche

Nangona ihlile, i-CHAdeMO ayikafi. Izigidi zezithuthi ezixhotyiswe yi-CHAdeMO zisesezindleleni. Kwiimarike ezifana ne-UK neJapan, i-CHAdeMO iseyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenethiwekhi yoluntu. Ngaphezu koko, kwihlabathi lezithuthi ezinkulu kunye neebhasi, abanye abavelisi basakhetha ubulula be-CHAdeMO obusekelwe kwi-CAN ngenxa yokuthembeka kwayo kunye nokulungela kwayo i-V2G.

7.3 Uhlalutyo lweDatha: IiPorts ngokoMgangatho

Iingxelo zakutshanje zemarike zibonisa ukuba eYurophu, amazibuko e-CCS2 ngoku angaphezulu kwamazibuko e-CHAdeMO ngomlinganiselo ongaphezulu kwe-10 ukuya kwi-1. EMantla Melika, utshintsho luyamangalisa nangakumbi, apho izitishi ezininzi ezintsha zishiya i-CHAdeMO ngokupheleleyo zikhetha ulwakhiwo lwe-CCS/NACS oluphindwe kabini. "Umsila omde" we-CHAdeMO kusenokwenzeka ukuba uqhubeke iminyaka elishumi, kodwa ixesha layo njengomgangatho ophambili wehlabathi liphela lidlulile.

[Kuza kuqhubeka kuhlaziyo olulandelayo...]

8. Ii-Adapters eziPhakathi kunye nemingeni yokusebenzisana: Ifiziksi "yokuvala umsantsa"

Njengoko ihlabathi litshintshela kwimigangatho embalwa ephambili, umbuzo oxabisa izigidi zeerandi kubanini bee-EV abaninzi ngulo: “Ndingayisebenzisa i-adaptha?” Impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi ngobuchwephesha kwaye ibandakanya okungaphezulu nje kokuphinda imephu yephini ebonakalayo.

8.1 Ityala Elilula: Iiadaptha ze-AC

Ukuziqhelanisa phakathi kwemigangatho ye-AC (umz., Uhlobo 1 ukuya kuHlobo 2) kulula kakhulu. Ezi zii-adaptha "ezingenangqondo" ezitshintsha nje iingcingo zobhedu. Iprotocol yonxibelelwano (i-PWM signaling) iyafana kuzo zonke iinkqubo ze-AC ezisekwe kwi-J1772 kunye neMennekes.

8.2 Ityala Elinzima: Iiadaptha zeDC

Iiadaptha zeDC, ezifana neadaptha yeTesla-to-CHAdeMO okanye iadaptha yeCCS1-to-NACS, zintsonkothile kakhulu.

• Inguqulelo yeProtocol:Xa uhlengahlengisa phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano (umz., imoto ye-CHAdeMO ezama ukusebenzisa itshaja ye-CCS), iadaptha kufuneka ibe ne-microcontroller esebenzayo. Le chip isebenza "njengomguquleli," imamela imiqondiso yebhasi ye-CAN esuka emotweni kwaye ivelise imiqondiso ye-PLC/ISO 15118 ehambelanayo yetshaja. Oku kwazisa ukubambezeleka kunye nendawo enokwenzeka yokusilela.
• Ukubeka iliso kubushushu:Ngenxa yokuba iiadaptha zizisa iindawo zoqhagamshelwano ezongezelelweyo, zidla ngokushushu kakhulu. Iadaptha yeDC esemgangathweni ophezulu kufuneka ibe neenzwa zayo zobushushu zangaphakathi ezinokunika isilumkiso emotweni ukuba ibuyisele umbane emva kokuba uqhagamshelo lushushu kakhulu.
• Ulawulo lweVoltage kunye noKhuseleko:Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kubandakanya i-voltage ephezulu. Ukuba umsebenzisi uzama ukukhupha i-adaptha ngelixa umbane ugeleza, kunokwenzeka i-arc enkulu yombane, yonakalise isixhobo okanye ibangele ukwenzakala. Ii-adaptha kufuneka zibe nee-interlocks zoomatshini okanye ze-elektroniki ezihambelana nomyalelo wesithuthi "wokuyeka ukutshaja".

8.3 Utshintsho lweTesla/NACS

Eyona ndlela iphumelele kakhulu yokusebenzisa i-DC adapter yi-“Magic Dock” kaTesla kunye nee-adapter zayo ezizimeleyo ze-CCS-to-Tesla. Ngenxa yokuba i-NACS isebenzisa i-CCS communication protocol, ezi adapters “azinamsebenzi” ngokwengqiqo kodwa zisafuna ulawulo lobushushu olusemgangathweni ophezulu kunye neendlela zokutshixa zomzimba ukuze zikwazi ukusingatha isantya sokutshaja esingama-250 kW+ .

9. Umgangatho weChaoJi: Ibhulorho eya kwiHlangano yeHlabathi kunye namandla aphezulu kakhulu

Beqonda imida yemigangatho yangoku ye-CHAdeMO kunye ne-GB/T, i-CHAdeMO Association kunye ne-China Electricity Council (CEC) badibene ukuze baphuhliseChaoJi(ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-CHAdeMO 3.0).

9.1 Iinjongo zoYilo: Ngaphaya kwe-500 kW

I-ChaoJi yenzelwe ixesha elizayo. Injongo yayo ephambili kukuxhasa ukutshaja ngamandla aphezulu kakhulu—ukuya kuthi ga kwi-900 kW (1500V kunye ne-600A). Oku kujoliswe kwimarike yeelori neebhasi ezinzima, apho ukutshaja ibhetri ye-500 kWh kwimizuzu engama-20 kuyimfuneko ukuze isebenze kakuhle.

9.2 Uyilo loBugcisa

• Ukuhambelana ngasemva:Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kwiChaoJi kukuhambelana kwayo ngasemva. Isixhumi senzelwe ukuba iiadaptha zikwazi ukuqhagamshela ngokulula izithuthi zeChaoJi kwiitshaja zeCHAdeMO, GB/T, kwaneetshaja zeCCS ezikhoyo.
• Isixhumi Esilula:Iplagi yeChaoJi incinci kakhulu kwaye ilula kunezixhumi zeCHAdeMO okanye zeCCS Combo 2 zangoku. Isebenzisa uyilo olutsha lwephini oluphucula uxinano lwangoku kwaye lunciphisa amandla afunekayo ukuze kufakwe.
• Uvavanyo loLawulo oluPhambili:I-ChaoJi yazisa icebo lonxibelelwano "lweendlela ezimbini". Ingaxhasa zombini ibhasi yesiqhelo ye-CAN (yeenkqubo ezindala) kunye neenkqubo zedijithali ezikhawulezayo kwizicelo zexesha elizayo.
• Iimpawu zoKhuseleko:I-ChaoJi iquka iimpawu eziphambili ezifana ne-"Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker" (ELCB) kunye nokuchongwa komswakama okuntsonkothileyo ngaphakathi kwentloko yesixhumi, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuba kwi-1500V.

9.3 Imiphumo yeHlabathi

I-ChaoJi imele iqhosha elinokuthi "Reset" kwiimfazwe eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba iyasetyenziswa kakhulu e-Asia nakwizicelo ezinzima kwihlabathi liphela, inokuba ngumgangatho oqhelekileyo kuyo yonke into enkulu kunemoto yabakhweli, ngelixa i-CCS/NACS ilawula imarike yezithuthi zabathengi.

10. Ikamva Elibonakalayo: Ukutshaja iiMegawatt, iibhetri zeSolid-State, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweeWireless

Itekhnoloji ka-2024 sisiqalo nje. Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo kuza kubakho utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela esihambisa ngayo amandla kwizithuthi.

10.1 Inkqubo yokutshaja iMegawatt (MCS)

Kwizithuthi ezinkulu—iilori zodidi lwesi-8, iinqanawa, kwaneenqwelo-moya ezincinci—nokuba yi-350 kW icotha kakhulu. Inkqubo yokutshaja iMegawatt (MCS) ngumgangatho omtsha owenzelwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3.75 MW (3,000A kwi-1,250V). I-MCS isebenzisa isixhumi esitsha ngokupheleleyo kunye nenguqulelo ekhethekileyo yeprotocol ye-ISO 15118. Iboleka unxibelelwano lwe-PLC kwi-CCS kodwa inyusa izixhobo ezibonakalayo ukuya kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili.

10.2 Iibhetri zeSolid-State kunye neeCurves zokutshaja

“Ijika lokutshaja” lanamhlanje lilinganiselwe ziimpawu zeekhemikhali zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Njengoko ibhetri igcwalisa, isantya sokutshaja kufuneka sehle ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo. Iibhetri ze-Solid-state (ii-SSB) zithembisa ukutshintsha oku. Ii-SSB zinokuphatha amazinga aphezulu e-C, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokugcina isantya esiphezulu sokutshaja (umz., i-350 kW) ukusuka kwi-0% ukuya kwi-80% okanye i-90% ye-SoC. Oku kuya kubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwizikhululo zokutshaja ukuze zibonelele ngemveliso enamandla angapheliyo ngaphandle koxinzelelo lobushushu.

10.3 Ukutshaja kwe-DC okungenazingcingo

Nangona uninzi lwengqwalasela lukwiiplagi, ukutshaja okungenazingcingo (okungenisa) kuyavuthwa. Ukutshaja okungenazingcingo okungashukumiyo sele kusetyenzisiwe kwiibhasi zothutho. Umda olandelayo nguloi-dynamicsukutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo—iikhoyili ezifakwe endleleni ezitshaja imoto ngelixa iqhuba. Ngokwembono yeprotocol, oku kuya kuxhomekeka kwinguqulelo eguquliweyo ye-ISO 15118, kusetyenziswa i-Wi-Fi okanye i-DSRC xa kuxhawulwa endaweni yentambo yoLawulo lwePilot.

11. Ubuchwephesha bokuntywila ngokunzulu: i-PLC ngokuchasene ne-CAN Signal Integrity kunye nokuhambelana kwe-Electromagnetic (EMC)

Kwiinjineli ezikwigumbi, ukhetho phakathi kwe-PLC kunye ne-CAN ludla ngokuxoxwa ngalo mbandela malunga nokuthembeka kwesignali.

11.1 Inzuzo yeBhasi yeCAN

I-CAN sisignali yokwahluka, oko kuthetha ukuba ayimelani nengxolo yemo eqhelekileyo. Kwindawo enomsindo yombane yetshaja ye-DC engama-300 kW—apho ukutshintsha ngamandla amandla e-elektroniki kudala uphazamiseko olukhulu lwe-electromagnetic (EMI)—ibhasi ye-CAN isebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ifuna iingcingo ezilula ezijijekileyo kwaye kunzima kakhulu “ukuyidida.”

11.2 Umngeni we-PLC

I-PLC (HomePlug Green PHY) isebenza kuluhlu lwe-2 MHz ukuya kwi-30 MHz. Olu luhlu lwefrikhwensi efanayo apho ii-converter ezininzi ze-DC-DC zikhupha ingxolo. Ukuze i-PLC isebenze ngokuthembekileyo kwitshaja ye-CCS, iinjineli kufuneka zisebenzise:

• Ukucoca iBandpass okuPhambili:Ukwahlula isignali yonxibelelwano kwingxolo yokutshintsha umbane.
• Ukuthelekiswa kwe-Impedance:Ukuphazamiseka kwentambo yokutshaja kuyatshintsha njengoko ivulwa okanye ishukunyiswa, nto leyo enokubonakalisa imiqondiso ye-PLC kwaye ibangele ukulahleka kwedatha.
• Ukulungiswa kweMpazamo:I-ISO 15118 ibandakanya ukulungiswa kweempazamo ezisemgangathweni wesoftware ukuze kusingathwe "iphakheji ewileyo" ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kombane.

Le yindleko yobuchwephesha ebangela ukuba iitshaja zeCCS zibize kakhulu ukuyila nokuqinisekisa kuneetshaja zeCHAdeMO.

12. Isiphelo: Ukuhambahamba kwikamva eliManyeneyo leziseko zophuhliso ze-EV

Ukhuphiswano phakathi kweCCS kunye neCHAdeMO lube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwimbali yezothutho oluzinzileyo. Yayiyingxabano yeenkcubeko: ukuthembeka kweJapan okusebenzayo, okusekelwe kwi-CAN ngokuchasene nombono wehlabathi laseNtshona wenkqubo yendalo yegridi ekrelekrele eqhutywa yi-PLC.

Njengoko sigqibezela olu phando lunzulu, kukho iinyaniso ezininzi ezicacileyo:

1. Ukuhlanganiswa akunakuphepheka:Imakethi ayinakugcina imigangatho emithathu okanye emine eyahlukeneyo ye-DC ngonaphakade. EMantla Melika, i-NACS (i-leveraging CCS logic) yeyona iphumeleleyo. EYurophu, i-CCS2 yinkosi. E-Asia, ukudibana kwe-CHAdeMO kunye ne-GB/T kwi-ChaoJi kumela amandla amatsha.
2. Isoftware yiConnector entsha:Njengoko ii-adapters ezibonakalayo zisiba zixhaphake kwaye zithembekile,ngokomzimbaukuma kweplagi kuba yinto engabalulekanga kangako kuneisoftwareIprotokholi. Ulawulo lwe-ISO 15118/PLC lubonakala luqinisekile, njengoko ne-NACS kunye ne-MCS ziye zayamkela.
3. I-V2G yi-Killer App:Utshintsho ukusuka “ekutshajeni imoto” ukuya “ekulinganiseni igridi” ngumceli mngeni omkhulu olandelayo. I-CHAdeMO isibonisile indlela, kodwa ikamva liza kwakhiwa kwisakhelo esikhuselekileyo nesinokwandiswa se-ISO 15118.

Kwishishini le-EV, "iiMfazwe eziMiselweyo" azipheli ngophumeleleyo omnye kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa ngoxolo oluhambelanayo. Nokuba ufaka i-lever ye-CHAdeMO okanye isixhumi se-NACS esicwebezelayo, injongo esisiseko ihlala ifana: intshukumo yamandla ekhawulezayo, esebenzayo, necocekileyo yokunika amandla ikamva lokuhambahamba. Izifundo zobunjineli ezifunyenwe kwixesha le-CCS kunye ne-CHAdeMO ziya kusebenza njengesiseko senkulungwane ezayo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngombane.

Isihlomelo soBugcisa oBongeziweyo: Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa iiLayers ze-ISO 15118 vs. ii-CAN Frames ze-CHAdeMO

Ukuze sibonise ngakumbi ubunzulu bezi teknoloji, makhe sihlolisise iileya ezithile ze-OSI ezibandakanyekayo.

Isitaki soNxibelelwano se-CHAdeMO:

• Umaleko Wokoqobo:I-CAN 2.0B (500 kbps), imiqondiso ye-12V eyahlukileyo.
• Umaleko woQhagamshelo lweDatha:Iifreyimu zeCAN eziqhelekileyo ezinee-ID ezithile (umz., 0×100 yesimo se-EVSE, 0×101 yesimo se-EV).
• Umaleko wesicelo:Imiyalezo ye-CHAdeMO yobunini iseti, ilandelelana ngokungqongqo.

Isitaki soNxibelelwano seCCS (ISO 15118):

• Umaleko Wokoqobo:IEEE 1901 (HomePlug Green PHY) phezu kwe-Control Pilot.
• Umaleko woQhagamshelo lweDatha:I-Ethernet (umaleko we-MAC).
• Ileya yeNethiwekhi/yoThutho:IPv6, TCP, UDP.
• Iseshoni/Uluhlu lweNtetho:Ikhowudi ye-V2GTP (iProtokholi yoThumelo lweMoto ukuya kwiGridi), i-XML/EXI (i-Efficient XML Interchange).
• Umaleko wesicelo:Imiyalezo esebenzayo ye-ISO 15118-2/20 (umz., iChargeParameterDiscovery, iPowerDelivery).

Ubunzima be-CCS stack buphezulu kakhulu kune-CHAdeMO. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ISO 15118 kufuna inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza (edla ngokuba yincasa yeLinux okanye i-RTOS ephucukileyo) ukuze kusingathwe i-network stack, ngelixa i-CHAdeMO inokusetyenziswa kwi-microcontroller elula ye-8-bit okanye ye-16-bit. Lo mahluko uchaza isizathu sokuba iitshaja ze-CCS zokuqala zibe neengxaki "zesoftware" kunye nemiba yokusebenzisana kuneetshaja ze-CHAdeMO, kodwa ikwachaza isizathu sokuba i-CCS ifaneleke ngakumbi kwimingeni yokhuseleko lwe-cyber yexesha elizayo.

Isishwankathelo sokugqibela somahluko obalulekileyo kwezobuchwepheshe

Njengoko ihlabathi leemoto lisiya kwikamva elingenakukhupha umbane, ukudibana kwale migangatho ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana neChaoJi kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-ISO 15118 logic yonxibelelwano kuphawula ukuqala kwenkqubo yendalo yezithuthi zombane yehlabathi. "Imfazwe yeeplagi" ekugqibeleni inika indawo "yokuhambelana kweeplagi." Ukudibana okumelwe yiChaoJi, i-DNA ekwabelwana ngayo ye-ISO 15118 logic yonxibelelwano, kunye nokunyuka kweenkqubo zeklasi ye-megawatt (MCS) kuthetha ukuba iitshaja zangomso ziya kuthetha ulwimi olufanayo nokuba zinxibe ubuso obahlukeneyo bomzimba.

Oko Kuthethwa Ligama Elithi “Ukuhambelana” Ngokwenene Kwizenzo

Kwabaqhubi benethiwekhi, ikamva elidibeneyo liguqulelwa kwiingqiniseko ezintathu ezisebenzayo:

• Ukudibana kweProtocol:I-ISO 15118-20 iza kuxhasa i-V2G, iPlug & Charge, kunye nokutshaja okukrelekrele kuyo yonke imigangatho yesixhumi. Itshaja esebenzisa i-ISO 15118 namhlanje iya kuhlala ifanelekile kwisoftware kangangeminyaka elishumi, nangona izixhumi zitshintsha.
• Ukusebenzisana ngokwendalo:Izisasazi zeentambo ezimbini (ii-CCS + NACS, okanye ii-CCS + ChaoJi adapters) kunye neemodyuli zentambo ezitshintshana entsimini zithetha ukuba i-hardware akusafuneki "ibheje" kumgangatho omnye.
• Ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweTshayina neJapan:Intsebenziswano yeChaoJi phakathi kwemibutho yaseTshayina neyaseJapan yokulinganisa umgangatho luphawu olucacileyo lokuba nemigangatho ekhuphisanayo ngokwembali inokudibana—iChaoJi yenzelwe ukuba ibe yi-interface ye-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza yehlabathi ehambelana ne-GB/T, CHAdeMO, kunye ne-CCS ecosystems ngee-adapters.

Isicwangciso soBuchule

"Idabi leeplagi" lidle amandla amakhulu obunjineli kunye nokuthengisa, kodwa abaphumeleleyo babeza kuhlala beyizithuthi kunye neenethiwekhi ezihlala ziguquguquka. Imigangatho iyadibana kuba ifiziksi iyabelwana ngayo: yonke imigangatho ekugqibeleni inika amandla e-DC ukusuka kwi-converter eqhagamshelwe kwigridi ukuya kwibhetri, kwaye iileya zonxibelelwano ziyadibana malunga ne-ISO 15118. Into eyahlulahlulayo ayisekho ukuba yeyiphi i-connector enxitywa yitshaja, kodwa yindlela etshaja kakuhle ngayo—ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okungaguquguquki, ukusebenza kakuhle, ixesha lokusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko lwe-cyber.

Isabelo se-V2G

Ukudibana akupheleli nje ekuzilungiseni—kuvula umjelo omkhulu wexabiso ongakasetyenziswa kushishino: isithuthi ukuya kwigridi. I-ISO 15118-20 ngumgangatho wokuqala wehlabathi ukuchaza ukudluliselwa kwamandla okubhekisa kwicala elinye, iirhafu ze-V2G, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwePlug & Charge okukhuselekileyo kwisakhelo esinye esihambelanayo. Xa itshaja ye-CCS2 kunye netshaja ye-NACS zithetha ulwimi olufanayo lwe-ISO 15118, imoto yaseYurophu kunye neyaseMntla Melika zombini zinokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezifanayo zokuphendula imfuno, iimarike zokulawula amaza, kunye neenkqubo zamandla ongxamiseko. I-CHAdeMO yaba nguvulindlela we-V2G, kodwa iprotokholi yayo esekelwe kwi-CAN ayizange yenzelwe ingxoxo yokhuseleko lwe-intanethi kunye nokutshaja ngobuchule ebonelelwa yi-ISO 15118. Yingakho umgangatho "olahlekelwe" yimfazwe yokudibanisa uphumelela imfazwe yamandla—kwaye kutheni wonke umqhubi wenethiwekhi ozimiseleyo ngoku echaza amandla e-ISO 15118-20 kwizixhobo ezintsha.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Uyilo lwe-ISO 15118 olusekwe kwi-PLC lwe-CCS luphumelele imfazwe yonxibelelwano kuba lufikelela kwi-V2G, i-Plug & Charge, kunye nezicelo ze-megawatt zexesha elizayo, ngelixa ibhasi ye-CAN ye-CHAdeMO isalokhu iyintsika yelifa.
• I-ChaoJi ibonisa ukuba iTshayina, iJapan, kunye ne-CCS ecosystem zinokudibana kwi-interface ye-DC enamandla aphezulu.
• Kwabaqhubi, umngcipheko wemigangatho uyalawuleka: khetha i-hardware ekwaziyo i-ISO 15118 enezihlanganisi ezitshintshanayo kwaye ukhuselekile nokuba yeyiphi iplagi ephumelela ngokwengingqi.
• Indawo yokulwa elandelayo ayisosixhumi—sisantya sokutshaja, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwegridi.

I-Nxibelelana ne-MIDA Power ivelisa iitshaja ze-DC ezikhawulezayo ezilungele ikamva elidibeneyo: Inkxaso ye-ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, ukuthobela i-OCPP, kunye nezihlanganisi ezicwangciswayo eziquka i-CCS1, CCS2, CHAdeMO, NACS, kunye ne-GB-T. Nokuba wakhela imakethi yaseTshayina, yaseYurophu, okanye yaseMntla Melika, izixhobo zethu zenzelwe ukuhlala zifanelekile njengoko imigangatho idibana. Nxibelelana nathi ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye nekowuteshini.