Te Wetewete i te Whakamahinga EV o te Ao: CCS vs CHAdeMO, V2G Evolution, me ngā Paerewa ChaoJi

Te Wetewete i te Whenua Utu EV o te Ao: He Ruku Hōhonu Hangarau Whānui ki ngā Kawa CCS me ngā Kawa CHAdeMO, te Whakawhitiwhiti Pahi ISO 15118 me te CAN, te Whanaketanga V2G, me te Putanga Mai o te Paerewa ChaoJi

1. Kupu Whakataki: Te Whanaketanga o te Utu Tere DC me te Rapunga mō te Whakapūmautanga

Ehara i te mea he nekehanga noa iho te nekehanga o te motuka te whakawhiti ki te nekenekehanga hiko engari he hanganga taketake o te tohatoha pūngao me te whanonga a te kaihoko. Kei te ngākau o tēnei whakawhiti ko te hanganga utu, inā koa ko ngā hangarau e āhei ai te Utu Tere Tika (DC) (DCFC). I te mea kua neke ngā waka hiko (EV) mai i ngā kaupapa whakamātautau motuhake ki ngā otinga kawe waka matua, kua tino nui te hiahia mō te utu tere, pono, me te paerewa. Heoi, kāore te ara ki te paerewa i te rārangi. Kua tautuhia te umanga e te whakataetae maha-tau i waenga i ngā hoahoa matua e rua: te Pūnaha Utu Whakakotahi (CCS) me te paerewa CHAdeMO.

I ngā rā tōmua o ngā EV hou—tata ki te mutunga o ngā tau 2000 me te tīmatanga o ngā tau 2010—he "Whenua Hauāuru" te whenua o ngā paerewa rangatira me ngā paerewa tīmatanga. Ko te Nissan LEAF, i whakaurua mai i te tau 2010, i tautoko i te paerewa CHAdeMO, i ahu mai i Hapani. I whakawhanakehia e te Rōpū CHAdeMO (he hononga o TEPCO, Nissan, Mitsubishi, me ētahi atu), koinei te pūnaha utu tere DC tuatahi i whakamahia whānuitia puta noa i te ao. I tukuna e CHAdeMO he tūāpapa pakari, e rua-ara, e whakamahi ana i te pahi Whatunga Rohe Mana Whakahaere (CAN) mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, he kawa kua tino whakauruhia ki roto i te hangarau motuka.

I tetahi atu taha, i rapu ngā kaihanga o Ūropi me Amerika i tētahi huarahi whakauru. Engari i te whai tauranga motuhake mō te utu hiko AC me te DC—pērā i ngā waka CHAdeMO—i whakaarohia e rātou te Pūnaha Utu Whakakotahi (CCS). I whakamahia e CCS tētahi hononga "Whakakotahi" i tāpirihia ai ngā pine DC ki ngā paerewa AC o nāianei (Momo 1 i Amerika Te Raki me te Momo 2 i Ūropi). Haunga te hononga ā-tinana, i whiriwhiria e CCS tētahi ara whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tino rerekē: Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Raina Hiko (PLC) i runga i ngā paerewa ISO 15118 me te DIN 70121.

Nā tēnei rerekētanga hoahoa i hanga he mākete wehewehe. Neke atu i te tekau tau, kua whakatere ngā taraiwa EV, ngā kaiwhakahaere teihana utu (CPO), me ngā kaihanga motuka i tētahi taiao uaua i reira ko te hototahitanga o ngā waka i whakawhirinaki ki te tauwāhi matawhenua me te hiahia o te kaihanga. Ko te whakataetae i waenga i a CCS me CHAdeMO ehara i te mea ko te āhua o te mono anake; he pakanga o ngā rapunga whakaaro whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā āhua porowhita, me te awe ā-whenua.

I a tātou e titiro atu ana ki ngā tau 2030, kei te huri anō te āhua o te ao. I te aranga ake o te Paerewa Utu o Amerika ki te Raki (NACS)—e whakamahi ana i te kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero CCS i tētahi momo āhua rerekē—me te whanaketanga o te paerewa ChaoJi o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, kei te anga whakamua te umanga ki tētahi huihuinga pea, ahakoa he āhua uaua. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he tātaritanga hangarau hohonu mō ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te CCS me te CHAdeMO, e tūhuratia ana ngā taipitopito o ā rāua puranga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te ahupūngao o ā rāua hononga, ngā kaha mākete e akiaki ana i tō rāua whanaketanga, me te heke mai o te utu hiko tino-teitei.

2. Ngā Kawa Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: ISO 15118 (PLC) vs. CHAdeMO (CAN)

Ko te rerekētanga hangarau matua i waenga i te CCS me te CHAdeMO kei roto i te āhua o te kōrero a te waka (EV) me te Taputapu Tuku Waka Hiko (EVSE). He mea nui tēnei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te whakahaere i te haumaru, te manatoko i te tūnga o te pākahiko, te whiriwhiri i ngā taumata ngaohiko me te iahiko, me te whakahaere i ngā mōhiohio nama.

2.1 Te Huarahi CHAdeMO: Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Pahi CAN

Ka whakamahia e CHAdeMO te kawa pahi Whatunga Rohe Kaiwhakahaere (CAN). I roto i te horopaki o te hangarau motuka, ko te CAN te "reo rongonui". I whakawhanakehia e Bosch i ngā tau 1980 mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pakari, ātete-haruru i waenga i ngā waeine whakahaere hiko (ECU) i roto i te waka. Ka whakamahia e CHAdeMO he takirua CAN motuhake i roto i te taura utu hei whakahaere i te rūrū ringa i waenga i te utu me te motuka.

He tino māmā te kawa CHAdeMO. E whai ana i tētahi raupapa tohu kua tino tautuhia. Ina whakauruhia he mono CHAdeMO, ka tīmata te tukanga i tētahi tohu ā-tinana 12V. Kātahi ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero te motuka me te rihi hiko mā te pahi CAN, pērā i te ngaohiko mōrahi ka taea e te pākahiko te tango me te iahiko mōrahi ka taea e te rihi hiko te whakarato. Nā te mea he kawa wā-tūturu, he iti te whakaroa o te CAN, ka taea e CHAdeMO te urupare tere ki ngā huringa o te āhua o te pākahiko, ki ngā aukati haumaru rānei.

Ko tētahi o ngā painga nui o te hoahoanga CHAdeMO/CAN ko tana tautoko ā-roto mō te rere o te hiko e rua ngā ahunga (V2G/V2H). Nā te mea e hangai ana te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā CAN ID māmā, kua tautuhia pai, i taea te whakatinana i ngā āhuatanga waka-ki-te-whatunga mai i te tīmatanga. Mā te CHAdeMO ka taea e te rihi te tono hiko mai i te pākahiko o te motuka, ka āwhina i te whakahaere auau me te hiko tārua kāinga.

2.2 Te Huarahi CCS: PLC me te ISO 15118

He huarahi uaua rawa atu tā te CCS mā te whakamahi i te Power Line Communication (PLC). Ina koa, ka whakamahia e te CCS te paerewa HomePlug Green PHY hei tuku raraunga auau-teitei mā te pine Control Pilot (CP) o te hononga. Kātahi ka whakamāramahia ēnei raraunga mā te tirohanga a ngā paerewa ISO 15118 me te DIN 70121.

He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te PLC i te CAN? Ko te take matua ko te tiaki i te heke mai me te kaha o ngā raraunga. Kāore i hangaia te ISO 15118 mō te whakahaere utu taketake anake, engari hei anga whakawhitiwhiti matihiko whānui. Ka tautokohia e ia ngā āhuatanga matatau pēnei i te "Plug & Charge," e tautuhi ana te waka i a ia anō me te whakahaere aunoa i te utu me te kore e hiahiatia he kāri RFID, he taupānga pūkoro rānei. Hei tautoko i te whakamunatanga me ngā hanganga raraunga uaua e hiahiatia ana mō ēnei āhuatanga, i whakaarohia he mea tika kia nui ake te whānui o te raraunga i tā te pahi CAN noa e tuku ana.

Heoi, he nui te uaua o te whakamahinga o te PLC. Nā te mea e whakamahia ana hoki te pine CP mō te tohu Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) taketake (he mea kawe mai i te paerewa utu AC J1772), me tāpiri te tohu PLC ki runga i tēnei tohu anarau. Me whakamahi ngā transceivers me ngā tātari matatau hei whakarite kia kore te haruru hiko mai i te tukanga utu DC mana-teitei e kino ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. He tino puhoi ake te tukanga "ringaringa" i roto i te CCS i tērā i roto i te CHAdeMO nā te mea me whakatū e te pūnaha he hononga whatunga, me mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e hangai ana ki te IP (TCP/IPv6), me te whakawhiti karere e hangai ana ki te XML.

2.3 Whakarāpopototanga Whakataurite Kawa

Ko te taupatupatu i waenga i te CAN me te PLC he mea e pā ana ki te māmā me te kaha. He tere, he pono, he ngāwari hoki te whakatinana i te pūnaha CAN a CHAdeMO, engari kāore i a ia te hoahoa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matatau, paparua e hiahiatia ana mō te haereere ā-ao, haumaru hoki, me te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga taumata-tiketike. Ko te pūnaha ISO 15118/PLC a CCS he pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kaha, taumata-hinonga e āhei ai ngā āhuatanga whatunga atamai matatau, engari he utu mō te uaua o ngā taputapu me te taiao whakawhitiwhiti kōrero paparua-tinana ngoikore ake.

3. Te Āhuatanga Porowhita Matua me te Hikohiko Mana

Ko ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te CCS me te CHAdeMO kei tua atu i te pūmanawa me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tae atu ki te hoahoa hiko taketake o te tukanga utu. Ko te whāinga o ngā pūnaha e rua ko te tuku tika i te hiko DC teitei ki te pākahiko, me te karo i te kaitahuri AC-ki-DC o te waka, engari he rerekē ngā huarahi e whakahaerehia ai e rāua te hiko hiko me te wehenga haumaru.

3.1 Te Rūrū Ringa me ngā Porowhita Haumaru

I roto i te horopaki utu tere DC, ko te EVSE he pūtake hiko DC kaha-teitei e whakahaerehia ana e te waka. Ko te haumaru o tēnei whakaritenga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hononga taputapu me ngā pūmanawa koretake.

Te āhua o te CHAdeMO:Ka whakawhirinaki a CHAdeMO ki tētahi raupapa o ngā whakapā ā-tinana me ngā raina tohu 12V hei whakahaere i te āhua o te ara iahiko utu. Ko te raupapatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Hononga ā-tinana me te kimi.
2. Tohu rūrū 12V mai i te EV ki te EVSE.
3. Ka tīmata te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pahi CAN.
4. Ka whakahaerehia e te EVSE he whakamātautau whakamarumaru hei whakarite kāore he hapa whenua i roto i te taura, i te hononga rānei.
5. Ka kati te waka i ōna hononga DC o roto.
6. Ka tīmata te EVSE ki te whakarato i te au.

Kua hangaia te ara iahiko CHAdeMO kia "haumaru" i te taumata taputapu. Mēnā ka ngaro te tohu 12V, me whakamutu tonu te rere o te hiko e te EVSE.

Te Āhuahanga CCS:Ka whakamahia e te CCS tētahi āhua honohono kua whakauruhia ake i ahu mai i ngā paerewa utu AC. Ka whakamahia e ia ngā pine Control Pilot (CP) me te Proximity Pilot (PP).

1. Ko te pine PP e tohu ana kua whakauruhia te mono, ā, kua kati te raka.
2. Ka whakamahia e te pine CP tētahi tohu PWM hei tohu i te āhua me te kaha o te EVSE.
3. Kua whakatūria te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero PLC mā te raina CP.
4. Ka whakahaerehia te whiriwhiringa matihiko mā te ISO 15118.
5. Ka whakahaerehia te aroturukitanga wehewehe.
6. Kua kati ngā hononga hiko DC.

I roto i te CCS, ko te whakawhiti mai i te utunga AC ki te utu DC ka whakahaerehia e te arorau Control Pilot kotahi, kia māmā ake ai mō ngā kaihanga te hanga waka e tautoko ana i ngā momo utunga e rua mā te tauranga kotahi.

3.2 Ngā Taumata Mana me ngā Herenga Wera

Me āhei ngā hikohiko mana i roto i te teihana utu ki te whakarerekē i te ngaohiko me te iahiko mā te hihiri.

• CHAdeMO:I ngā wā o mua, i herea te CHAdeMO ki te 50 kW (500V, 125A). Ahakoa kua whakahoutia te paerewa (CHAdeMO 2.0) kia tautokona te 400 kW, he iti noa iho ngā waka, ngā taputapu utu hiko rānei kua whakatinana i ēnei taumata teitei ake. Ko te herenga he wera tonu; ki te kore he wai whakamatao kaha i roto i te taura, he uaua ki te hononga CHAdeMO te pupuri i te neke atu i te 200A nā te ātete pa.
• CCS:I hangaia te CCS me te whakaaro ki ngā tuanui teitei ake. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taura me ngā hononga wai-whakamatao, ka taea e te CCS2 (te putanga Pākehā) te pupuri i ngā iahiko tae atu ki te 500A me ngā ngaohiko tae atu ki te 1000V, ka taea ai te tere utu o te 350 kW me tua atu. Ko te hoahoa o te CCS, inā koa i roto i te hōputu Momo 2, ka whakarato i te horahanga mata pai ake mō ngā pine DC au-teitei, ka whakaiti i te wera e puta mai ana i te atanga.

3.3 Te Aroturukitanga Wehewehe me te Whakatakotoranga Whenua

Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o te āhua o te ara iahiko DC ko te pūnaha aroturuki wehewehe (IMS). Nā te mea he nui ake ngā ngaohiko o te utunga tere DC i te 800V, me aroturuki tonu te pūnaha i te ātete i waenga i ngā reri DC pai/kino me te whenua o te anga.

• Ko ngā rihi CHAdeMO he IMS whakauru hei whakaweto i te taumata hiko mēnā ka heke te wehewehenga ki raro i tētahi paepae (ko te tikanga he 100 ohms ia volt).
• Me aroturuki hoki te wehenga i ngā pūnaha CCS, engari nā te mea ka puta te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero PLC i runga i te pine CP (e tohutoro ana ki te whenua), tera pea he tūponotanga ā-tikanga o te pokanoa i waenga i ngā reri DC ngaohiko-tiketike me te tohu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mēnā ka ngoikore te wehenga. Me whakamahi tātari matatau i roto i ngā taputapu CCS hei whakaiti i tēnei.

3.4 Ngā Hikohiko Mana Ahu-rua

He uaua ake te āhua o te ara iahiko mō te utunga ā-rua. Me whai kaitahuri i roto i te EVSE (i te motuka rānei) ka taea te tukutahi ki te auau AC o te whatunga.

• CHAdeMO:Mā te paerewa e tautuhi te kawa V2X (Waka ki ngā Mea Katoa) i te taumata CAN, e āhei ai te rihi o waho ki te mahi hei kaitahuri. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake ngā hiko o te motuka engari ka nui ake te utu mō te "hiri V2G".
• CCS:Nā te paerewa ISO 15118-20 (te putanga hou) i kawe mai te tautoko pakari mō ngā taha e rua ki te CCS. Heoi, ko te whakatinanatanga o tēnei me whai huringa nui ki ngā hikohiko hiko o roto o te waka me te puranga whakawhitiwhiti PLC, ka hua ake he puhoi ake te whakatinanatanga o ngā āhuatanga V2G i roto i ngā waka hototahi ki te CCS ki te whakaritea ki ō rātou hoa CHAdeMO.

[Ka haere tonu i te whakahōutanga e whai ake nei...]

4. Hangarau Hononga: Te Kaha Mīhini, te Whakahaere Wera, me te Whakamātautau Haumaru

He mahi hangarau tino tika te hononga ā-tinana i waenga i te EV me te rihi hiko. Me whakahaere e ia ngā rau kilowatt o te hiko, me tu atu ki ngā mano tini huringa hononga, me te tu atu ki ngā āhuatanga huarere kino, me te noho haumaru tonu mō te kaihoko noa. Ko ngā rapunga whakaaro hoahoa o ngā hononga CCS me CHAdeMO e tohu ana i ngā huarahi rerekē e rua hei whakaoti i ēnei wero.

4.1 Te Hoahoa Mīhini me ngā Tikanga Maukati

Ehara te hononga utu tere DC i te mono noa iho; he atanga raka, ngaohiko teitei.

• Hononga CHAdeMO:E mōhiotia ana te mono CHAdeMO mō tōna āhua porowhita, nui, me tōna rīpene here mīhini. He maha ngā pine e whakamahia ana mō te mana me te tohu. Ko tētahi āhuatanga matua o te hoahoa CHAdeMO ko te whakaurunga o te pūnaha raka ki roto i te hononga. Ina pēhia e te kaiwhakamahi te pūwero ka whakauruhia te mono, ka whakarite ngā raka mīhini kia kore e taea te tango i te wā e rere ana te iahiko. Kua hangaia ngā pine kia "kapi" hei ārai i te pa atu, ā, kua hangaia te hononga hei whakahaere i ngā hinganga me ngā pānga nui.
• Hononga CCS (Huinga 1 me te Huinga 2):Ko te hononga CCS he whanaketanga o ngā mono AC Momo 1 (J1772) me te Momo 2 (Mennekes). Ka tāpirihia e ia ētahi pine hiko DC nui e rua ki raro i te huinga pine AC. Kāore i rite ki a CHAdeMO, ko te tikanga raka mō te CCS kei roto i te tauranga utu o te waka, ehara i te hononga. Ka pēhia e te kaiwhakaoho hikohiko i roto i te waka he kōhao i te hononga hei pupuri i a ia ki tōna tūranga. Mā tēnei ka taea te hanga hoahoa hononga maeneene ake engari ka utaina te kawenga o te pono o te miihini ki runga i te kaihanga waka.

4.2 Te Whakamātautau i te Kaha me te Pūmautanga o te Mīhini

Kei raro i ngā tikanga whakamātautau pakari ngā paerewa e rua, pērā i ngā mea kua tautuhia i roto i te IEC 62196. Kei roto i ēnei whakamātautau ko:

• Te Kaha Whakauru me te Kaha Tango:Me ngāwari te mono i te hononga kia taea ai e te tangata te whakauru, engari me mau tonu kia iti ai te ātete ki te pa atu. I roto i te wā, ka memeha haere ngā hononga hiriwa-whakakikoruatia, ka nui ake te ātete me te wera.
• Whakamātautau Kuru:Kua whakamātauhia ngā hononga CCS me CHAdeMO kia ora ai i te wā e takahia ana e te waka. Kaua te whare e pakaru kia kitea ai ngā wāhanga hiko teitei.
• Ātete Pānga:Ka whakatakahia ngā hononga mai i te teitei o te kotahi mita ki runga i te papa raima kia maha ngā wā hei whakarite kia mau tonu te whakamarumaru o roto me ngā wāhanga miihini.

4.3 Te Whakahaere Wera: Te Wero o te Au Teitei

Ko te wera te hoariri o te utu tere. I te pikinga ake o te iahiko (I), ka piki haere te wera e whakaputaina ana (P = I²R) me te tere haere.

• Whakamatao Āhuakore:I whakamahia e ngā rihi hiko 50 kW o mua ngā taura parahi matotoru e whakawhirinaki ana ki te marara kore mahi. Nā tēnei i whakawhāiti te iahiko ki te 125A, ki te 150A rānei.
• Whakamatao Wai Kaha:Hei eke ki te 350 kW (500A), i tīmata ngā pūnaha CCS i ngā taura whakamatao-wai. Ka tohatohahia he whakamatao (he ranunga wai-glycol, he hinu dielectric motuhake rānei) mā roto i te taura tae noa ki muri o ngā pine whakapā. Mā tēnei ka taea te hanga taura angiangi ake, ngāwari ake, me te whakahaere i te kawenga wera nui.
• Te Ara Wera o CHAdeMO:Ahakoa e tautoko ana a CHAdeMO 2.0 i te whakamatao wai, ko te taenga mai o te paerewa ki te utu hiko teitei i muri mai i te wā i noho tonu ai te nuinga o ngā hanganga CHAdeMO o nāianei ki te 50-100 kW. Ko te whakatakotoranga o roto o te mono CHAdeMO, me ōna pine tohu iti maha e karapoti ana i ngā pine hiko, ka uaua ake te whakatinana i te whakamatao wai ki te whakaritea ki te whakatakotoranga motuhake o te hononga CCS Combo.

4.4 Te Hiritanga Taiao (Ngā Whakatauranga IP)

Ka pāngia ngā teihana utu e te ua, te hukarere, me te puehu. Ko te nuinga o ngā hononga he IP54, he teitei ake rānei te whakatauranga. Ko tētahi rerekētanga nui ko te āhua o tā rātou whakahaere i te makuku ina...momotuHe maha ngā pū kōhao wai o ngā hononga CCS hei ārai i te wai kei pupū ake i roto i ngā kōhao titi AC, ā, ko te pūnaha taupoki me te taupoki pakari o CHAdeMO kua hangaia hei pupuri i te mata katoa o te hononga kia maroke.

5. Te Ao Tōrangapū o ngā Paerewa EV: Te Pakanga mō te Mana o te Ao

Ko te kōrero mō CCS vs. CHAdeMO he mea nui mō te hokohoko ā-ao me te tiakitanga ā-rohe, me te hangarau anō hoki. He nui ngā pānga o te whiriwhiri i tētahi paerewa utu ki te haumarutanga pūngao o te motu me te whakataetae o ōna kaihanga motuka ā-rohe.

5.1 Te Pā o Ūropi: CCS2

Ko te Kotahitanga o Ūropi tētahi kaitākaro nui i roto i ngā "Pakanga Paerewa." Mā te whakahau i te whakamahinga o te hononga Momo 2 mō te utu hiko AC me te CCS2 mō te utu hiko DC, i whakarite te EU i tētahi mākete kotahi. Nā tēnei i akiaki ngā kaihanga Hapanihi me Amerika ki te urutau. Tae noa ki a Tesla, i roa nei e whakamahi ana i tētahi hononga motuhake i te US, i huri ki te CCS2 mō te Tauira 3 me te Tauira Y i Ūropi. Ko te whakatau a te EU i akiakihia e te hiahia mō te mahi tahi puta noa i ngā rohe me te hiahia mō te puranga whakawhitiwhiti PLC/ISO 15118 ngāwari ake, e hangai ana ki tā rātou mahere "Smart Grid".

5.2 Te Tūnga o Hapanihi: Ngā Pūtake o CHAdeMO

Ko te whakapau kaha a Hapani ki a CHAdeMO he toronga atu i tōna arataki i te mākete EV o mua. Nā te mea ko te EV mākete papatipu tuatahi (te LEAF) i whakahaere a Hapani i te kōrero utu wawe. Heoi, i te nekehanga o te mākete o te ao, ka kitea a Hapani e noho motuhake ana. Ko te urupare ko te whanaketanga o ChaoJi, he mahi tahi me Haina ki te waihanga i tētahi paerewa o te reanga e whai ake nei ka taea te whakakapi i a CHAdeMO me te paerewa GB/T Hainamana.

5.3 Te Uauatanga o Amerika Te Raki: CCS1 vs. NACS

I Amerika Te Raki, i wehewehea te āhuatanga. I whakamahia e Ford, GM, me ētahi atu te CCS1 (te momo whakakotahitanga Momo 1). I taua wā, i hangaia e Tesla te whatunga utu tino angitu o te ao mā te whakamahi i tana hononga motuhake. I roto i tētahi huringa ohorere i te tau 2023, ka huri te umanga. I panuitia e Ford ka whakamahia e ia te hononga a Tesla, i tapaina anō ko te North American Charging Standard (NACS). He mea nui, ka whakamahia e te NACS teōriteKo te kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ISO 15118 PLC hei CCS. Nō reira, ahakoa i rerekē te āhua o te mono, i noho tonu te "roro" o te pūnaha ki te CCS. Nā tēnei i tohu te mutunga o te huarahi mō CHAdeMO i te mākete o Amerika, i te mea i tīmata te whakawhiti ki te kamupene whakamutunga (Nissan).

5.4 Te Ara Mana Motuhake o Haina: GB/T

I whai a Haina, te mākete EV nui rawa atu o te ao, i tana ake ara me te paerewa GB/T. Pērā i a CHAdeMO, ka whakamahia e GB/T te whakawhitiwhiti pahi CAN engari he rerekē te pinout tinana. Nā te nui o te mākete Haina, ko te GB/T, i runga i te maha o ngā tauranga, te paerewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te ao. Heoi, ko te whai wāhi a Haina ki te kaupapa ChaoJi e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō te whakahāngaitanga o te ao me ngā āheinga mana-tino-tiketike e kore e taea e te paerewa GB/T o nāianei te whakatutuki.

6. Ngā Āheinga Waka-ki-Whatunga (V2G): Te Pūmanawa Utu Ahu-rua

Mā te hangarau Waka-ki-Whatunga (V2G) ka taea e ngā EV te mahi hei pākahiko pūkoro nunui, e whakahoki ana i te hiko ki te whatunga hiko i te wā e hiahiatia ana te hiko nui, e whakarato ana rānei i te hiko tārua ki te kāinga (V2H).

6.1 Te Tīmatanga Matua a CHAdeMO

Mō ngā tau maha, mēnā i hiahia koe ki te V2G, i hokona e koe he waka CHAdeMO. Nā te mea he māmā noa iho te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pahi CAN, ā, he rua ngā ahunga mai i te rā tuatahi, ka taea e ngā rihi CHAdeMO te tono hiko mai i te waka. Neke atu i te tekau tau te roa o te whakamahinga o te Nissan LEAF i roto i ngā whakamātautau V2G puta noa i te ao. He pakari te kawa (CHAdeMO V2X), ā, kua tuhia paitia.

6.2 Te Pakanga CCS me te ISO 15118-20

I tōmuri a CCS ki te rōpū V2G. Kāore i te tautokona e te paerewa taketake ISO 15118-2 te rere o te hiko e rua ngā ahunga. Nō te tukunga o te ISO 15118-20 ka whai huarahi paerewa te pūnaha CCS hei whakahaere i ngā whiriwhiringa uaua e hiahiatia ana mō te V2G, pērā i ngā raraunga tukutahi whatunga me ngā rohe tukunga. He uaua te whakatinanatanga o te -20, me te hiahia ki ngā taputapu hou i roto i te waka me te rihi. Ahakoa kei te hopu a CCS i tēnei taumata, ko te taonga tuku iho a CHAdeMO i tēnei wāhi he wāhi kaha tonu mō tōna whakamahinga tonu i roto i ngā tono waka me ngā ratonga motuhake.

6.3 Te Ōhanga o te V2G

Ka pā anō hoki te rerekētanga hangarau ki te utu. I roto i te whakatakotoranga CHAdeMO V2G, ko te kaitahuri utu nui DC-ki-AC kei roto i te teihana utu. Mā tēnei ka iti ake ngā utu o te motuka engari ka tino nui te utu o te rihi (he maha ngā wā neke atu i te $10,000). Kei te tūhuratia e ngā kaihanga CCS te "DC V2G" (he rite ki te CHAdeMO) me te "AC V2G," ko te rihi o runga o te motuka te kaiwhakahaere o te hurihanga. Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti nui i te utu o ngā pūnaha V2H kāinga, engari me kaha ake ngā taputapu o te waka.

7. Te Whanaketanga o te Wāhanga Mākete: Te Aranga Ake o CCS me te Oranga Motuhake o CHAdeMO

Ki te tirohia ngā raraunga mai i te tau 2015 ki te tau 2024, e mārama ana te ia: kua toa a CCS i te pakanga mō te mākete matua, ko CHAdeMO ia kua neke ki tētahi wāhanga tautoko tawhito, motuhake rānei i te nuinga o ngā rohe i waho o Hapani.

7.1 Te Wāhi Hurihuri

Ka taea te whai i te hekenga o te CHAdeMO ki ētahi āhuatanga matua:

1. Te Whakarērea a te Kaihanga:I te wā i whakaae ai a Volkswagen, BMW, ā, i muri mai ko Ford me GM ki a CCS, ka hiritia te mutunga o CHAdeMO i te Hauāuru.
2. Ngā Whakatenatena Hanganga:Nā ngā tautoko a te kāwanatanga i te US me Ūropi (pērā i te kaupapa NEVI i te US) i piki haere te aro ki te CCS, ā, kāore i te tino whai hua te tāutanga o ngā mono CHAdeMO mā ngā kamupene hinu hiko (CPO).
3. Ngā Herenga Mana:Nā te korenga o te nuinga o ngā hanganga CHAdeMO ki te neke atu i te 50 kW i kore ai e tino manakohia e ngā kaipupuri o ngā EV hou he nui ā rātou pākahiko ka taea te whakahaere i te 150 kW+.

7.2 Te Oranga Motuhake

Ahakoa tōna hekenga, kāore a CHAdeMO i mate. E miriona ngā waka kei runga i te rori e whakamahia ana e CHAdeMO. I ngā mākete pēnei i te UK me Hapani, he wāhanga nui tonu a CHAdeMO o te whatunga tūmatanui. Hei tāpiri, i te ao o ngā waka taumaha me ngā pahi, e pai tonu ana ētahi kaihanga ki te ngāwari o CHAdeMO e hangai ana ki te CAN mō tōna pono me tōna rite ki te V2G.

7.3 Tātari Raraunga: Ngā tauranga mō ia Paerewa

E whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo mākete hou, i Ūropi, he nui ake ngā tauranga CCS2 i ngā tauranga CHAdeMO i te ōwehenga neke atu i te 10 ki te 1. I Amerika Te Raki, he nui ake te panonitanga, he maha ngā teihana hou e whakakore ana i a CHAdeMO, ā, e pai ana ki ngā whirihoranga CCS/NACS e rua. Tērā pea ka mau tonu te "hiku roa" o CHAdeMO mō tētahi atu tekau tau, engari kua pahemo tōna wā hei paerewa matua o te ao.

[Ka haere tonu i te whakahōutanga e whai ake nei...]

8. Ngā Urutau Paerewa-Whakawhiti me ngā Wero o te Mahi Tahi: Te Ahupūngao o te "Whakapiri i te Āputa"

I te nekehanga o te ao ki ētahi paerewa matua, ko te pātai nui rawa atu mō te tini o ngā kaipupuri EV ko: "Ka taea e au te whakamahi i tētahi urutau?" He uaua te whakautu ki te hangarau, ā, ehara i te mea ko te whakarerekē noa i ngā titi tinana.

8.1 Te Pūtake Māmā: Ngā Āhuatanga AC

He tino māmā te urutau i waenga i ngā paerewa AC (hei tauira, Momo 1 ki te Momo 2). He "kuware" ēnei urutau e huri noa ana i ngā waea parahi. He ōrite te kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (tohu PWM) puta noa i ngā pūnaha AC katoa e ahu mai ana i te J1772 me Mennekes.

8.2 Te Take Uaua: Ngā Āhuatanga DC

He tino matatau ake ngā urutau DC, pērā i te urutau Tesla-ki-CHAdeMO, CCS1-ki-NACS rānei.

• Whakamāoritanga Kawa:Ina urutau ana i waenga i ngā reo whakawhitiwhiti e rua (hei tauira, he motuka CHAdeMO e ngana ana ki te whakamahi i tētahi rihi CCS), me whai pūmana iti hohe te urutau. Ka mahi tēnei maramara hei "kaiwhakamāori," e whakarongo ana ki ngā tohu pahi CAN mai i te motuka, ā, ka whakaputa i ngā tohu PLC/ISO 15118 e rite ana mō te rihi. Ka puta he whakaroa me tētahi wāhi pea e rahua ai.
• Aroturukitanga Wera:Nā te mea he maha ngā pūwāhi whakapā atu ka tāpirihia e ngā urutau, ka ngāwari te wera rawa. Me whai pūoko pāmahana ā-roto te urutau DC kounga teitei hei tohu i te motuka kia whakaitihia te iahiko mēnā ka wera rawa te hononga.
• Te Āwhata Ngaohiko me te Haumaru:Ko te utu tere DC he nui ngā ngaohiko. Mēnā ka ngana te kaiwhakamahi ki te momotu i te urutau i te wā e rere ana te iahiko, ka puta he pewa hiko nui, ka pakaru ai te taputapu, ka whara rānei. Me whai hononga ā-ringa, ā-hiko rānei ngā urutau e rite ana ki te whakahau "kati utu" a te waka.

8.3 Te Whakawhiti Tesla/NACS

Ko te whakatinanatanga tino angitu o te urutau DC ko te "Magic Dock" a Tesla me āna urutau CCS-ki-Tesla takitahi. Nā te mea e whakamahi ana a NACS i te kawa whakawhitiwhiti CCS, he "koretake" te arorau o ēnei urutau engari me whai tonu i te whakahaere wera kounga teitei me ngā tikanga raka tinana hei whakahaere i ngā tere utu 250 kW+.

9. Te Paerewa ChaoJi: He Piriti ki te Whakaōritenga Ao me te Mana Tino-Tiketike

I te mōhio ki ngā herenga o ngā paerewa CHAdeMO me GB/T o nāianei, ka mahi tahi te Rōpū CHAdeMO me te Kaunihera Hiko o Haina (CEC) ki te whakawhanakeChaoJi(e mōhiotia ana ko CHAdeMO 3.0).

9.1 Ngā Whāinga Hoahoa: Neke atu i te 500 kW

Kua hangaia a ChaoJi mō te heke mai. Ko tana whāinga matua he tautoko i te utu hiko tino-teitei—tae atu ki te 900 kW (1500V me te 600A). E aro ana tēnei ki te mākete taraka me te pahi taumaha, ina hiahiatia te utu i tētahi pākahiko 500 kWh i roto i te 20 meneti kia pai ai te mahi.

9.2 Hanganga Hangarau

• Hototahi Whakamuri:Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino whakamiharo o ChaoJi ko tōna hototahi whakamuri. Kua hangaia te hononga kia taea ai e ngā urutau te hono ngāwari i ngā waka ChaoJi ki ngā rihi CHAdeMO, GB/T, tae atu ki ngā rihi CCS.
• Hononga Whakamāmā:He iti ake, he mama ake hoki te mono ChaoJi i ngā hononga CHAdeMO, CCS Combo 2 rānei o nāianei. He tahora pine hou tōna e whakamahi ana, e arotau ana i te kiato o te iahiko, e whakaiti ana hoki i te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaurunga.
• Paerata Whakahaere Matatau:Ka whakauruhia e ChaoJi tētahi rautaki whakawhitiwhiti kōrero "aratau-rua". Ka taea e ia te tautoko i te pahi CAN tuku iho (mō ngā pūnaha tawhito) me ngā kawa matihiko tere-teitei mō ngā tono ā muri ake nei.
• Ngā Āhuatanga Haumaru:Kei roto i te ChaoJi ngā āhuatanga matatau pēnei i te "Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker" (ELCB) me te kimi makuku matatau i roto i te pane hononga, kia mau ai te haumaru ahakoa i te 1500V.

9.3 Ngā Pānga o te Ao Whānui

Ko ChaoJi te pātene "Tautuhi Anō" pea mō ngā waka paerewa. Mēnā ka whakamahia whānuitia ki Āhia, ā, mō ngā mahi taumaha puta noa i te ao, ka taea e ia te noho hei paerewa mō ngā mea nunui atu i te motuka pāhihi, ko CCS/NACS te rangatira o te mākete waka kaihoko.

10. Te Tirohanga ki te Ao Āmua: Te Utu Megawatt, Ngā Pūhiko Āhua-Toka, me te Whakaurunga Ahokore

Ko te tīmatanga noa iho tēnei o te hangarau o te tau 2024. E toru ngā panonitanga nui ka kitea i roto i te tekau tau e whai ake nei mō te whakawhiti i te pūngao ki ngā waka.

10.1 Te Pūnaha Utu Megawatt (MCS)

Mō ngā waka nunui rawa atu—ngā taraka akomanga 8, ngā kaipuke, tae atu ki ngā waka rererangi iti—he puhoi rawa te 350 kW. Ko te Pūnaha Utu Megawatt (MCS) he paerewa hou kua hangaia mō te 3.75 MW (3,000A i te 1,250V). Ka whakamahia e te MCS tētahi hononga hou rawa atu me tētahi putanga motuhake o te kawa ISO 15118. Ka tangohia e ia te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero PLC mai i te CCS engari ka tauinehia te taputapu ā-tinana ki ngā taumata o mua.

10.2 Ngā Pūhiko Āhua-Tūturu me ngā Āwhio Utu

Ko te "āwhio utu" o ēnei rā e herea ana e ngā āhuatanga matū o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. I te whakakīnga o te pākahiko, me whakaroa te tere utu kia kore ai e pakaru. Ka oati ngā pākahiko totoka (SSB) ki te whakarerekē i tēnei. Ka taea e ngā SSB te whakahaere i ngā tere-C teitei ake, ko te tikanga ka taea e rātou te pupuri i te tere utu mōrahi (hei tauira, 350 kW) mai i te 0% tae noa ki te 80%, 90% rānei o te SoC. Ka nui te pēhanga ka pā ki ngā teihana utu kia puta he putanga mana teitei, pumau, me te kore e whakaroa i te wera.

10.3 Te Utu Ahokore DC

Ahakoa ko te nuinga o te arotahi kei ngā mono, kei te pakari haere te utu ahokore (whakauru). Kei te whakamahia kētia te utu ahokore pumau mō ngā pahi kawe waka. Ko te rohe e whai ake nei kohihirite utu ahokore—he koiri kua whakauruhia ki roto i te huarahi e utu ana i te waka i a ia e taraiwa ana. Mai i te tirohanga kawa, tera pea ka whakawhirinaki tēnei ki tētahi putanga whakarerekētanga o ISO 15118, e whakamahi ana i te Wi-Fi, i te DSRC rānei mō te rūrū ringa hei utu mō te waea Control Pilot tūturu.

11. Te Ruku Hōhonu Hangarau: PLC vs. Te Pono o te Tohu CAN me te Hototahi Aukume Hiko (EMC)

Ki ngā kaihangarau o te rūma, he maha ngā wā ka tautohetia te kōwhiringa i waenga i te PLC me te CAN e pā ana ki te pono o te tohu.

11.1 Te Painga Pahi CAN

He tohu rerekētanga te CAN, arā, he ātete ā-roto ki te haruru aratau-noa. I roto i te taiao haruru hiko o te rihi DC 300 kW—te wāhi e hangaia ai e te whakawhiti tere-teitei o ngā hikohiko mana he nui te whakararuraru hikohiko (EMI)—he tino kaha te mahi a te pahi CAN. Me whakamahi he waea takirua-whiri ngawari, ā, he tino uaua ki te "whakapoauau."

11.2 Te Wero PLC

E mahi ana te PLC (HomePlug Green PHY) i waenga i te 2 MHz ki te 30 MHz. Koinei te whānuitanga auau e tukuna ana e te nuinga o ngā kaitahuri DC-DC te haruru. Kia pono ai te mahi a te PLC i roto i te rihi CCS, me whakatinana e ngā kaihangarau:

• Tātari Paewhiri Arā Atu Anō:Hei wehe i te tohu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mai i te haruru whakawhiti hiko.
• Te Whakataurite Ārai:Ka rerekē te aukati o te taura utu ina wetekina, ina nekehia rānei, ka whakaata pea tēnei i ngā tohu PLC ka ngaro ai ngā raraunga.
• Whakatikatika Hapa:Kei roto i te ISO 15118 he whakatikatika hapa taumata-pūmanawa pakari hei whakahaere i te "mōkihi kua taka" i ētahi wā nā te hiko i pupuhi.

Nā tēnei utu hangarau nui ake te hoahoa me te tiwhikete i ngā rihi CCS i ngā rihi CHAdeMO.

12. Whakamutunga: Te Whakatere i te Ao Whānui o te Hanganga EV

Ko te whakataetae i waenganui i a CCS me CHAdeMO he upoko matua i roto i te hītori o te kawe waka tauwhiro. He pakanga ahurea tēnei: ​​ko te pono o Hapani, e ahu mai ana i te CAN, he whakataurite ki te tirohanga a te ao Hauāuru mō tētahi pūnaha whatunga atamai matatau, e peia ana e te PLC.

I a tātou e whakaoti ana i tēnei ruku hohonu, e kitea ana ētahi pono:

1. Kāore e taea te karo i te whakakotahitanga:Kāore e taea e te mākete te pupuri i ngā paerewa DC rerekē e toru, e whā rānei, ake tonu atu. I Amerika Te Raki, ko te NACS (te whakamahi i te arorau CCS) te toa. I Ūropi, ko te CCS2 te kingi. I Āhia, ko te hanumitanga o CHAdeMO me GB/T ki ChaoJi he tohu i tētahi mana hou.
2. Ko te Pūmanawa te Hononga Hou:I te mea ka nui haere te rongonui me te pono o ngā urutau ā-tinana, kaā-tinanaka iti ake te hiranga o te āhua o te mono i tepūmanawakawa. Te āhua nei kua tino mana te ISO 15118/PLC, nā te mea kua whakaaetia e te NACS me te MCS.
3. Ko V2G te Taupānga Whakamate:Ko te whakawhiti mai i te "whakautu i te waka" ki te "taurite i te whatunga hiko" te wero nui e whai ake nei. Nā CHAdeMO i whakaatu mai te ara, engari ka hangaia te heke mai i runga i te anga tauine, haumaru hoki o ISO 15118.

Mō te umanga EV, kāore te "Pakanga Paerewa" e mutu me te wikitoria kotahi o te ao, engari me te rangitahi ā-rohe. Ahakoa he hononga CHAdeMO, he hononga NACS maeneene rānei, ko te whāinga matua kei te mau tonu: te nekehanga tere, whai hua, me te ma o te pūngao hei whakakaha i te heke mai o te nekenekehanga. Ko ngā akoranga hangarau i akohia mai i te wā o CCS me CHAdeMO ka noho hei turanga mō te rautau e whai ake nei o te auahatanga hiko.

Tāpiritanga Hangarau Whānui: Tātaritanga Whakataurite o ngā Paparanga ISO 15118 me ngā Anga CHAdeMO CAN

Hei whakamārama atu i te hōhonutanga o ēnei hangarau, me tirotiro tātou i ngā paparanga OSI motuhake e whai wāhi ana.

Puranga Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero CHAdeMO:

• Paparanga Tinana:CAN 2.0B (500 kbps), tohu motuhake 12V.
• Papa Hononga Raraunga:Ngā anga CAN paerewa me ngā ID motuhake (hei tauira, 0×100 mō te tūnga EVSE, 0×101 mō te tūnga EV).
• Apa Taupānga:Huinga karere CHAdeMO motuhake, he raupapatanga tino tika.

Puranga Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero CCS (ISO 15118):

• Paparanga Tinana:IEEE 1901 (HomePlug Green PHY) i runga i te Paerata Whakahaere.
• Papa Hononga Raraunga:Itarangi (paparanga MAC).
• Papa Whatunga/Kawe:IPv6, TCP, UDP.
• Papa Wātū/Whakaaturanga:V2GTP (Kawa Whakawhiti Waka-ki-Whatunga), te whakawaehere XML/EXI (Whakawhitiwhiti XML Whai Hua).
• Apa Taupānga:Ngā karere mahi ISO 15118-2/20 (hei tauira, ChargeParameterDiscovery, PowerDelivery).

He nui ake te uaua o te puranga CCS i te CHAdeMO. Me whai pūnaha whakahaere katoa (he momo Linux, he RTOS matatau rānei) te whakatinanatanga ISO 15118 hei whakahaere i te puranga whatunga, engari ka taea te whakatinana i te CHAdeMO ki runga i tētahi pūmana iti 8-moka, 16-moka rānei. Mā tēnei rerekētanga ka whakamāramahia he aha i nui ake ai ngā "pūmanawa hapa" me ngā raruraru mahi tahi i ngā rihi CCS o mua i ngā rihi CHAdeMO, engari ka whakamāramahia hoki he aha i pai ake ai te CCS mō ngā wero haumarutanga tukutuku o te heke mai.

Whakarāpopototanga Whakamutunga o ngā Rerekētanga Hangarau Matua

I te anga whakamua o te ao motuka ki tētahi heke mai kore-tukunga, ko te huihuinga o ēnei paerewa mā roto i ngā hangarau pēnei i a ChaoJi me te tango i te arorau whakawhitiwhiti ISO 15118 e tohu ana i te tīmatanga o tētahi pūnaha waka hiko ā-ao. Kei te ngaro te "pakanga o ngā mono" ki te "whakakotahitanga o ngā mono". Ko te huihuinga e tohuhia ana e ChaoJi, te DNA tiritahi o te arorau whakawhitiwhiti ISO 15118, me te aranga ake o ngā pūnaha akomanga megawatt (MCS) e tohu ana ka kōrero ngā rihi o āpōpō i tētahi reo kotahi ahakoa he rerekē ngā kanohi tinana.

He aha te tikanga o te "Harmony" i roto i te mahi

Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga, ko te ao whānui o te heke mai ka whakamāoritia ki roto i ngā tino kaupapa e toru:

• Te Huinga o te Kawa:Mā te ISO 15118-20 e tautoko te V2G, te Mono & Charge, me te utu atamai puta noa i ngā paerewa hononga katoa. Ka noho tonu te rihi e kōrero ana i te ISO 15118 i ēnei rā hei pūmanawa mō te tekau tau, ahakoa te whanaketanga o ngā hononga.
• Te Mahi Tahi ā-Tino:Nā ngā taputapu tohatoha hononga-rua (CCS + NACS, CCS + ChaoJi rānei) me ngā kōwae hononga ka taea te whakawhiti-marae, kāore e hiahiatia ana te taputapu kia "peti" ki tētahi paerewa kotahi.
• Te Hononga o Haina-Hapani:Ko te mahi tahi a ChaoJi i waenga i ngā whakahaere paerewa Hainamana me Hapanihi te tohu mārama rawa atu e taea ai e ngā paerewa whakataetae o mua te hanumi—kua hangaia a ChaoJi hei atanga utu tere DC o te ao e hototahi ana ki ngā pūnaha rauropi GB/T, CHAdeMO, me CCS mā roto i ngā urutau.

Te Whakamārama Rautaki

He nui te kaha hangarau me te hokohoko i pau i te "pakanga o ngā mono", engari ko ngā waka me ngā whatunga i noho ngāwari tonu te wikitoria. Kei te huihui ngā paerewa nā te mea he rite tonu te ahupūngao: ka tukuna e ia paerewa te hiko DC mai i tētahi kaitahuri hono-pūnaha ki tētahi pākahiko, ā, kei te whakakotahi ngā paparanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero huri noa i te ISO 15118. Ko te mea rerekē ehara i te mea ko tēhea hononga e mau ana i te rihi hiko, engari ko te pai o te utu—te rite o te tuku hiko, te whai huatanga, te wā mahi, me te haumarutanga tukutuku.

Te Wehenga V2G

Ehara i te mea he āhua noa iho te huihuinga—ka wetekina te rerenga uara nui rawa atu o te umanga kāore anō kia whakamahia: te waka-ki-te whatunga. Ko te ISO 15118-20 te paerewa tuatahi o te ao ki te tautuhi i te whakawhiti pūngao rua-ara, ngā utu V2G, me te manatoko Plug & Charge haumaru i roto i te anga kotahi. Ina kōrero te rihi CCS2 me te rihi NACS i te reo ISO 15118 kotahi, ka taea e te waka Pākehā me te waka o Amerika Te Raki te whai wāhi ki ngā kaupapa urupare-tono kotahi, ngā mākete whakahaere-auau, me ngā kaupapa hiko-ohorere. Nā CHAdeMO i tīmata te V2G, engari kāore tana kawa e hangai ana ki te CAN i hangaia mō te haumarutanga tauine-ipurangi me te whiriwhiringa utu-atamai e whakaratohia ana e te ISO 15118. Koinei te take e toa ai te paerewa i "ngaro" i te pakanga hononga i te pakanga pūngao—ā, he aha hoki te take e tohua ai e ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga nui katoa te kaha ISO 15118-20 i roto i ngā taputapu hou.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• I toa te hoahoanga ISO 15118 a CCS e ahu mai ana i te PLC i te pakanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi ki te V2G, Plug & Charge, me ngā tono megawatt a meake nei, ko te pahi CAN a CHAdeMO tonu te poutokomanawa tuku iho.
• E whakaatu ana a ChaoJi ka taea e Haina, Hapani, me te pūnaha rauropi CCS te whakakotahi i runga i tētahi atanga DC mana-teitei kotahi.
• Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere, ka taea te whakahaere i te mōrearea paerewa: whiriwhiria ngā taputapu e āhei ana ki te ISO 15118 me ngā hononga ka taea te whakawhiti, ā, ka hipokina koe ahakoa ko tēhea mono te toa ā-rohe.
• Ko te papa pakanga whakataetae e whai ake nei ehara i te hononga—engari ko te tere utu, te pono, me te whakaurunga whatunga.

Whakapā Mai Ka hangaia e MIDA Power ngā rihi tere DC kua rite mō te ao whānui: te tautoko Plug & Charge ISO 15118, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga OCPP, me ngā hononga whirihora-mara tae atu ki a CCS1, CCS2, CHAdeMO, NACS, me GB-T. Ahakoa kei te hanga koe mō te mākete Haina, Pākehā, Amerika Te Raki rānei, kua hangaia ā mātou taputapu kia noho whai hua tonu i te wā e hono ana ngā paerewa. Whakapā mai ki a mātou mō ngā whakaritenga hangarau me te whakatau utu.