Ukuhlaziywa kohlelo lokuhlola ukuhambisana kwama-pile okushaja izimoto zikagesi ezijwayelekile zaseYurophu ngokusekelwe emithethweni ye-EU AFIR

Lesi sihloko siphakamisa indlela yokuhlola ukuhambisana okujwayelekile kwaseYurophu okusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezimpawu zokushaja ukuze kulungiswe ukungafani okwandisiwe kweziteshi zokushaja eYurophu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithethonqubo ye-EU AFIR. Ngokuhlaziya umehluko kumaphrothokholi okuxhumana, amapharamitha kagesi, kanye namasu okuvikela eziteshi zokushaja ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ezifana ne-DIN70121 kanye ne-ISO15118, ibhentshi lokuhlola elibonakalayo elimboza ukusebenza kokushaja, ukuthembeka, amanani emingcele, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokufakwa kwamaphutha kwakhiwe ukuze kulingiswe izimo ezingavamile zehadiwe kanye nephrothokholi.

Le ndlela ingalingisa isimo sokwehluleka kokushaja okujwayelekile kwaseYurophu, inciphise izindleko zokuhlolwa kwezinqwaba zangempela zaphesheya kwezilwandle, futhi inikeze ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kokwenziwa ngcono ngokubambisana kwezinqwaba zezimoto zikagesi ukuze zithunyelwe eYurophu.

1Izinselele zemakethe yokushaja inqwaba yaseYurophu kanye nokuhambisana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe

Njengenye yezifunda ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokungena kwezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni, iYurophu yaziwa ngezidingo zayo zobuchwepheshe eziqinile kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlola eziphelele zesistimu yayo ejwayelekile yokushaja. Ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo kwengqalasizinda yokushaja eYurophu, ngenkathi inani leziteshi zokushaja likhula, ingozi yokuhambisana kokuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi zezimoto iya ngokuya igqama.

Nakuba imithethonqubo ye-AFIR ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi nokuthuthukisa ukushaja okulula, okuphoqa amazwe ukuthi asheshise ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo, kunomehluko kumaphrothokholi okuxhumana, ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha, kanye nokuqonda kokuhlela amandla phakathi kwabaqhubi abahlukene namamodeli eziteshi zokushaja, okungaholela kalula ezinkingeni ezifanayo kanye nokushintshashintsha kokusebenza njengokwehluleka kwephrothokholi yokuxhawulana kanye nokungahambisani kokuhlela amandla ngesikhathi sokusebenzisana kweziteshi zezimoto.

Ngokwandiswa kwenethiwekhi yokushaja, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuzinzile nokusebenza kahle kanye nokubambisana phakathi kweziteshi ezinkulu zokushaja ezingafani kanye namamodeli ezimoto ahlukahlukene kuye kwaba yinselele ebalulekile ethinta ulwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nokuthembeka kokuhlela igridi yamandla.

2Umthelela wezinkinga zokuhambisana nokushaja okujwayelekile kwaseYurophu

Emongweni wentuthuko esheshayo yemakethe yezimoto zikagesi yomhlaba wonke, "ukukwazi ukushaja nokushaja kahle" sekuyinto ebalulekile ethinta ulwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nedumela lenkampani.

Umthelela wokuhambisana wokushaja okujwayelekile kwaseYurophu uhlanganisa izilinganiso eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuhambisana kwesikhombikubona somzimba, ukulungiswa kwephrothokholi yokuxhumana, ukuzinza kokulawula ukushaja, kanye nokuthembeka kwendlela yokuvikela ukuphepha. Izinkinga zokuhambisana azinciphisi nje kuphela ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kodwa futhi zingadala izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha: ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, ukudlula kwamandla kagesi, ukudlula kwamandla kagesi, ukwehluleka kokufakwa kokushisa kanye nezinye izinkinga kungaholela ekulimaleni kwemishini noma ngisho nomlilo; Ubuthakathaka bephrothokholi yokuxhumana bungasetshenziswa kabi ukuze kuphazamise inqubo yokushaja noma kwebiwe idatha yomsebenzisi; Izindawo ezibucayi ezifana namazinga okushisa aphansi naphezulu nazo zingabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindawo zokushaja, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kufanele kwenziwe kusenesikhathi ukuqinisekisa nokugwema izinkinga ezinjalo.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-39% wokwehluleka kokushaja ezimotweni zikagesi ezijwayelekile zaseYurophu ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja kubangelwa amaphutha okuhambisana. Ukuqaliswa okuhlukile kwabakhiqizi bemininingwane yobuchwepheshe (njengokwenza ngokwezifiso amapharamitha okuxhumana e-PLC ku-ISO15118) kuholela ezinkingeni zokushaja njalo.

Ubuchwepheshe obukhona bunemikhawulo esobala:

• ► Ubukhulu bokuhambisana njengokwehluka kwezinketho kanye nokwehluka kwe-logic yokuvikela;
• ►Okokuqala, ukuhlola kungenziwa kuphela ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile ezijwayelekile (njengokuhlola ukuxhumana okuyisisekelo kwe-DIN70121 kuphela), okungenakumboza ubukhulu bokuhambisana njengezinketho zephrothokholi kanye nomehluko we-logic yokuvikela;
• ►Okwesibili ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ngokuhlolwa kwemigwaqo yenqwaba yaphesheya kwezilwandle, ngezindleko ezingaphezu kuka-500000 yuan zokuhlolwa kwemoto eyodwa kanye nomjikelezo wezinyanga ezi-2-3;
• ►Okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwamamodeli ezimoto ezijwayelekile zaseYurophu (njengokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemiyalezo yokuxhumana ngama-simulators ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni zephrothokholi ezifana ne-DIN70121 kanye ne-ISO15118) kungamboza kuphela izinkinga zokuhambisana okungaphelele ezingeni lephrothokholi yokuxhumana, ngephrojekthi eyodwa yokuqinisekisa (njengokungabandakanyi ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwamapharamitha kagesi);
• ►Okwesine, ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kweziteshi zokushaja zangempela kudinga inani elikhulu lamasampula eziteshi zokushaja (ngokuvamile izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zidinga ukuhlolwa), futhi uma izinkinga zokuhambisana kokushaja (njengokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana ngezikhathi ezithile) zingenakuphindwa ngokuthembeka, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa kabusha noma ukwengeza idatha, kuncike ezenzakalweni ezingaba khona, ngokuqondiswa okuphansi, futhi kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuqinisekisa okusheshayo zemakethe.

Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokuqinisekisa kanye nobukhulu bokuhambisana nokushaja okujwayelekile kwaseYurophu kudinga ukubuyekezwa ngokushesha.