Isesengura rya gahunda yo gupima uburinganire bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zisanzwe mu Burayi hashingiwe ku mategeko agenga EU AFIR

Iyi ngingo itanga uburyo bwo gupima ubwuzuzanye bushingiye ku isesengura ry’imiterere y’ifaranga mu Burayi kugira ngo hakemurwe ubwiyongere bw’ubusumbane bw’aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa mu bikorwa mu Burayi bitewe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza ya EU AFIR. Mu gusesengura itandukaniro riri mu mikorere y’itumanaho, ibipimo by’amashanyarazi, n’ingamba zo kurinda aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa mu bikorwa hakurikijwe ibipimo nka DIN70121 na ISO15118, intebe y’igerageza ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n’imikorere yo gusharija, kwizerwa, agaciro k’imipaka, ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu, no gushyiramo amakosa yubatswe kugira ngo yigane ibintu bidasanzwe bya hardware na protocole.

Ubu buryo bushobora kwigana uko ibintu byananiranye mu bijyanye no gushyushya ibinyabiziga bisanzwe by’i Burayi, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gupima ibinyabiziga mu mahanga, no gutanga inkunga ya tekiniki mu rwego rwo kunoza imikoranire y’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi kugira ngo byoherezwe mu Burayi.

1Isoko ry'i Burayi ryo kwishyuza ibintu byinshi n'imbogamizi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga

Nk’umwe mu turere dufite igipimo cyo hejuru cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi, Uburayi buzwiho ibisabwa mu buryo bukomeye mu bya tekiniki no gupima neza sisitemu yabwo yo gushyushya. Mu gihe ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya bikomeje kwaguka mu Burayi, mu gihe umubare w’ahantu ho gushyushya ugenda wiyongera, ibyago byo guhuza itumanaho hagati y’aho hantu ho gushyushya imodoka biri kwiyongera cyane.

Nubwo amabwiriza ya AFIR agamije kunoza uburyo bwo gukoresha umuyoboro w’itumanaho no kunoza uburyo bwo gusharija, bigatuma ibihugu byihutisha kubaka inyubako, hari itandukaniro mu buryo bwo gutumanaho, gusuzuma amakosa, no guteganya igihe cy’amashanyarazi hagati y’abakoresha n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyuza, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho imbogamizi zijyanye n’imikorere n’ihindagurika ry’imikorere nko kunanirwa gukoresha protocole no kudahuza igihe cy’imikorere y’amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’imikoranire y’ibinyabiziga.

Bitewe no kwaguka k'umuyoboro wo gusharija, kwemeza ko itumanaho rihamye kandi rinoze n'imikoranire hagati y'ahantu hanini hatandukanye ho gusharija hamwe n'imodoka zitandukanye byabaye ikibazo gikomeye kigira ingaruka ku bunararibonye bw'abakoresha ndetse no ku buryo bwo gukora gahunda y'amashanyarazi.

2Ingaruka z'ibibazo byo guhuza imikorere n'uburyo bwo kwishyuza busanzwe bw'i Burayi

Mu rwego rw’iterambere ryihuse ry’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi, “kubasha gusharija no gusharija neza” byabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bunararibonye bw’abakoresha ndetse n’izina ry’ikigo.

Ingaruka zo guhuza imikorere y’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’i Burayi birimo ibipimo byinshi bya tekiniki nko guhuza imiterere y’ibikoresho, guhuza protocole y’itumanaho, guhagarara neza mu kugenzura ubwishyu, no kwizera uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano. Ibibazo byo guhuza imikorere ntibigabanya gusa ubunararibonye bw’umukoresha, ahubwo bishobora no guteza ibyago bikomeye by’umutekano: mu mikoreshereze ifatika, amashanyarazi menshi, umuriro mwinshi, kwangirika kw’ibikoresho n’ibindi bibazo bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho cyangwa ndetse no gutwika; Intege nke za protocole y’itumanaho zishobora gukoreshwa nabi kugira ngo zibangamire inzira yo gusharija cyangwa zikibe amakuru y’umukoresha; Ahantu hakabije nko mu bushyuhe buri hasi no hejuru na ho hashobora gutuma ibikoresho byo gusharija bikora nabi, kandi isuzuma ry’imikorere rigomba gukorwa mbere kugira ngo harebwe kandi birinde ibyo bibazo.

Imibare igaragaza ko ibirenga 39% by'ibura ry'ingufu mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zisanzwe zo mu Burayi mu gihe cyo gushyushya biterwa n'inenge zijyanye n'imikorere yazo. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bitandukanye by'inganda zitandukanye (nk'uburyo ibipimo by'itumanaho bya PLC muri ISO15118) bitera ibibazo byo gushyushya kenshi.

Ikoranabuhanga rihari rifite imbogamizi zigaragara:

• ► Ibipimo byo guhuza ibintu nk'amahitamo n'itandukaniro ry'uburyo bwo kurinda;
• ►Ubwa mbere, ikizamini gishobora gukorwa gusa hashingiwe ku bisabwa bisanzwe (nk'ikizamini cyo gupima gusa itumanaho ry'ibanze rya DIN70121), kidashobora gupima ingano y'imikoranire nk'amahitamo ya protocole n'itandukaniro ry'uburyo bwo kurinda;
• ►Icya kabiri ni ukugenzura niba bihuye binyuze mu igeragezwa ry’umuhanda wo mu mahanga, hamwe n’ikiguzi cy’amayuan arenga 500000 ku igeragezwa ry’imodoka imwe n’igihe cy’amezi 2-3;
• ►Icya gatatu, gupima ibinyabiziga bisanzwe by’i Burayi (nk’igenzura ry’ukuri kw’ubutumwa bw’itumanaho binyuze mu bikoresho bipima amakuru bishingiye ku mahame ya protocole nka DIN70121 na ISO15118) bishobora gusa gusesengura ibibazo by’uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu ku rwego rwa protocole y’itumanaho, hamwe n’umushinga umwe wo kugenzura (nk’uko bitarimo guhindura imiterere y’amashanyarazi);
• ►Icya kane, isuzuma ry’uko ibintu bihuye n’uko bigenda ku bigo nyabyo bitanga umuriro risaba ingero nyinshi z’ibipimo by’aho bitanga umuriro (ubusanzwe ibigo birenga 20 bigomba kugeragezwa), kandi niba ibibazo byo gushakisha umuriro (nk’aho rimwe na rimwe hahagarara itumanaho) bidashobora gukosorwa neza, ntibishoboka kongera kugenzura cyangwa kongeramo amakuru, bishingiye ku bintu bishobora kubaho, bifite intego nke, kandi bigoye guhaza igenzura ryihuse ry’isoko.

Bityo rero, uburyo bwo kugenzura n'ibipimo by'uburyo bwo gusharija bukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe mu Burayi bigomba kuvugururwa byihutirwa.