Ishaja ye-EV ephathekayo
Ibhokisi Lodonga Le-EV Lasekhaya
Isiteshi Sokushaja se-DC
Isiteshi Sokushaja se-BESS
I-V2G V2H V2V V2L
Imojuli Yokushaja I-EV
Isixhumi Sokushaja se-DC
Izesekeli ze-EV
Ochungechungeni lwezihloko ze-V2G zangaphambilini (1), “Ngonyaka Wokuhweba, iShayina neYurophu bathathe izindlela ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe,” sihlole umehluko phakathi kwe-V2G eShayina naseYurophu, kanye nesizinda esikhulu kanye nekhono lezentengiselwano lokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yezimoto. Lapho imboni ingena 'endaweni yamanzi ajulile', ukuhambisana kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kuba yisithiyo esiyinhloko sokuhweba ngezinga elikhulu.
Ingqikithi ye-V2G akukhona ukushaja nokukhipha i-charging, kodwa ukuguqula izimoto zibe yimpahla yegridi - kulolu daba, sizohlola izici zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko okufanele zibe nazo isixazululo se-V2G esivuthiwe eYurophu.
1, I-Protocol Stack: Ukusetshenziswa Okuphelele kwe-ISO 15118-20
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-V2G (iMoto kuya kuGridi), izinqubo zokuxhumana zibalulekile njengoba zivumela ukushintshaniswa kwedatha okuthembekile, okuphephile, nokujwayelekile phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi, iziteshi zokushaja, abaqhubi begridi, kanye nababambiqhaza bezimoto zikagesi. Lezi zinqubo zidlula kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuxhumana futhi zisetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuxhumana okuthuthukile phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi neziteshi zokushaja ukuze kudluliselwe ugesi ohlangothini ngalunye.
I-ISO 15118-20 yakhishwa ngo-2022, yabeka isisekelo sokushaja ngezindlela ezimbili futhi izoba yimpoqo kuzo zonke iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi nezangasese (Mode 3) ezisanda kwakhiwa kusukela ngoJanuwari 2027. I-ISO 15118-20 yengeza indlela yokuxoxisana eningiliziwe phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi neziteshi zokushaja, okuhlanganisa amanani aguquguqukayo kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene nokuminyana kwegridi.
I-ISO 15118-20 yiyona ndlela kuphela yokuvela kwezomthetho yokusebenzisa ukusebenza kwe-V2G. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ISO 15118-2 yendabuko, indinganiso entsha inikezwe isikhundla esiyinhloko, futhi impumelelo yayo kwezobuchwepheshe ibonakala kakhulu ku:
- ◉ Ukulawula ukugeleza kwamandla okuqondiswayo (Ukulawula Okunamandla):ifinyelela ukulawulwa kwe-P (esebenzayo) kanye ne-Q (esebenzayo) okuhle kakhulu, isekela impendulo yemvamisa yegridi.
- ◉ Ukubethela kokuphepha okunezinga eliningi:yethula iphrothokholi ye-TLS 1.3 eqinile kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi esihambisanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yezimpahla zemoto uma zixhunywe kugridi yamandla yomphakathi.
- ◉ I-Plug & Charge:Ezimweni ze-V2G, ukuqinisekiswa kobunikazi akukona nje ukukhokhisa, kodwa futhi nokusungula impande yokuthembela kwemoto njenge "yunithi yokugcina amandla yeselula".
2, Izidingo zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko: Ungakha kanjani uhlelo lwe-V2G “oluqinisekile”?
Ukuhlelwa kabusha kobunjiniyela bezakhiwo zezigaba ezintathu
Ingqikithi ye-V2G akuyona inqwaba yehadiwe "yemoto + inqwaba", kodwa ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezisatshalaliswe ngaphansi kohlelo lokufinyelela igridi. Uhlelo lwe-V2G oluxhunywe kugridi olufanelekile kumele lube nezendlalelo ezintathu zamakhono okubambisana: ungqimba kagesi (ukushintshana kwamandla): ukuxazulula ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokufakwa kwe-harmonic ephansi (THD<3%) kwama-converter e-AC/DC aqondisa izinhlangothi ezimbili. Ungqimba lokulawula (impendulo ye-algorithm): Ukugxila kusekusetshenzisweni kwendawo kwe-algorithm yokulawula i-frequency droop kanye ne-fault ride through (FRT). Ungqimba lwesistimu (isitifiketi sokuthobela imithetho): Ukubhekana nesitifiketi sokuvumelana esiphelele senhlanganisela "yenqwaba yekhebula lemoto", okuyi-"thikithi eliphoqelekile" lokuya emhlabeni wonke eYurophu.
Ukwakha ukulawula 'okunqunyiwe': ama-algorithm amathathu ayisisekelo
1. Ukulawula amandla okusebenzayo: Isici se-LFSM-U droop (Ukulawula i-Droop)
Imvamisa yegridi iyona kuphela inkomba yokulinganisela umthwalo wesistimu. Uma imvamisa ingaphansi kuka-49.8 Hz, uhlelo lwe-V2G kumele lubonise umphumela okhuphukayo "oqondile".
2. Ukulawula amandla okusabela: ukulawulwa okusatshalaliswe kumodi ye-Q (U)
Ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi kuvame ukwenzeka endaweni ethile. Ukuphatha amandla kagesi (U) ngamandla asebenzayo (Q) kuyisici esithuthukisiwe esihlukanisa i-V2G nesitoreji samandla esivamile.
3. Ukuvikelwa kwesikhombimsebenzisi kanye nomsebenzi wokugibela
Lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa kokuqina kohlelo (Ukudlula kwephutha kanye nokunqanyulwa okuphuthumayo).
"Izidingo ezintathu eziqinile" zokuhlanganiswa kwehadiwe kanye nesistimu
- Ukubambezeleka kokuphendula kanye nokuvumelanisa idatha:Kudingeka ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sangempela emakethe ye-FCR.
- Isinxephezelo se-algorithm sempilo yebhethri (SOH):Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwezikhathi zomjikelezo kanye nokujula kokukhishwa.
- Ikhwalithi yamandla kanye nokuhambisana negridi:Ukulawulwa kokuhlanekezelwa kwe-harmonic okuphelele (THD) kubalulekile.
3, Isicelo sezinga lesisombululo: Umklamo wezakhiwo zesikhulumi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-V2G
Isixazululo se-V2G esinobubanzi bemboni akuyona nje ikhambi "lenqwaba + imoto", kodwa kunalokho ukwakhiwa kwendawo evaliwe ye-EV-EVSE-CPO-EMS.
4, ukwakheka kwesistimu ye-Deterministic V2G
Isinqumo sokuqala sobunjiniyela yilesi: Kufanele ibekwe kuphi i-inverter? Lokhu kunquma inqubo yokuqinisekisa kanye nomkhawulo wesibopho sobuchwepheshe.
I-V2G Yamanje Eqondile (DC V2G)
I-inverter ihlanganiswe nenqwaba yokushaja (EVSE). Ukuthobela imithetho kungumthwalo wemfanelo womkhiqizi wenqwaba yokushaja.
Ukuxhumana kwe-V2G (AC V2G)
I-Inverter iyishaja eqondiswayo (i-OBC). Imoto isebenza “njengesiteshi samandla eselula”.
5, Isitifiketi Nokufinyelela
Kwabenzi bezinqumo, ukuthi umkhiqizo ungaphumelela yini ekubuyekezweni kuncike ekuqondeni kwabo uhlelo olujwayelekile, okuhlanganisaI-RfG (EU 2016/631), I-EN 50549-1, futhiI-EN 50549-10.
6, Ukuqonda Kwemboni: Isikhathi Sokuguquka Sika-2026 Sifikile
Ukuncintisana kwe-V2G akuyona ukuncintisana kwamandla, kodwa ukuncintisana kokunemba kokulawula kanye nokujula kokuthobela imithetho. Ukubeka phambili amapulatifomu ehadiwe asekela i-ISO 15118-20 kanye nokwamukela indlela yobunjiniyela bezinhlelo kuyindlela yobuchwepheshe yangempela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-20-2026
