Kev Sib Piv ntawm Hom 1 J1772 thiab Hom 2 IEC 62196-2 Systems

Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Cov Qauv Them Nqi Hluav Taws Xob Thoob Ntiaj Teb: Kev Sib Piv Txog Hom 1 J1772 thiab Hom 2 IEC 62196-2 Systems, Grid Topology, Communication Protocols, thiab Smart Infrastructure

1. Kev Taw Qhia: Kev Hloov Pauv Thoob Ntiaj Teb Mus Rau Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Thiab Lub Luag Haujlwm Ntawm Kev Them Nqi Txheem

Lub ntiaj teb kev tsheb thauj neeg tab tom hloov pauv mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb, hloov ntawm lub cav sib xyaw sab hauv (ICE) mus rau lub zog hluav taws xob. Qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov kev hloov pauv no yog cov khoom siv uas txhawb nqa nws: Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tsheb (EVSE), feem ntau hu ua EV chargers. Thaum kev siv cov tsheb hluav taws xob (EVs) nrawm dua, kev nkag siab txog cov qauv kev them nqi yuav tseem ceeb rau cov engineers, cov neeg tsim cai, thiab cov neeg siv khoom.

Kev tsim cov qauv them hluav taws xob EV tau muaj keeb kwm sib cais, cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam, cov chaw tswj hwm, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb. Niaj hnub no, ob lub qauv tseem ceeb tswj hwm kev lag luam them hluav taws xob AC (alternating current): Hom 1 (SAE J1772) thiab Hom 2 (IEC 62196-2). Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si ua haujlwm tib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - hloov lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm lub grid mus rau lub tsheb lub charger - lawv cov kev siv tshuab, kev tsim qauv lub cev, thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus sib txawv heev.

Tsab xov xwm no muab kev tshuaj xyuas tob txog kev siv tshuab them fais fab hom 1 thiab hom 2. Peb yuav tshawb nrhiav lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv vaj tse, lawv qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau ntau yam kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb, lub cev ntawm lawv cov teeb liab sib txuas lus, thiab cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb uas tiv thaiv tus neeg siv thiab lub tsheb. Ntxiv mus, peb yuav tshuaj xyuas seb cov kev txwv fais fab hauv tsev nyob thoob plaws ntau lub tebchaws cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov ceev ntawm kev them fais fab thiab cov qauv tshiab uas tab tom tsim lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntse hauv lub ecosystem EV.

2. Hom 1 (SAE J1772) Architecture: Keeb Kwm, Pin Configuration, thiab North American Dominance

Tus txuas hom 1, uas yog tus qauv SAE J1772, yog lub cuab yeej them hluav taws xob AC tseem ceeb uas siv hauv North America thiab Nyiv Pooj. Tsim los ntawm Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), nws tau tsim los pab txhawb cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob ib theem uas pom muaj nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam no.

2.1 Keeb Kwm thiab Kev Tsim Qauv

Tus qauv J1772 tau raug tsim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 2001 thiab tau hloov kho ntau zaus kom mus txog nws daim ntawv tam sim no. Lub hom phiaj tsim qauv tseem ceeb yog los tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov, thiab yooj yim rau kev them nqi Qib 1 (120V) thiab Qib 2 (240V). Tsis zoo li cov kev xav tau ntau theem ntawm European grids, North American residential grid feem ntau yog faib theem, muab ob ceg 120V uas tuaj yeem ua ke rau 240V kev pabcuam. Yog li ntawd, Hom 1 connector tau raug kho kom zoo rau kev xa khoom ib theem siab.

2.2 Kev Teeb tsa Lub Cev Pin

Lub connector Type 1 muaj tsib-pin layout:

1. L1 (Kab 1):Tus thawj coj hluav taws xob.
2. L2/N (Kab 2 los yog Nruab Nrab):Hauv 120V Qib 1 them, qhov no ua haujlwm ua Neutral. Hauv 240V Qib 2 them, qhov no ua haujlwm ua theem thib ob 120V (L2).
3. PE (Lub Ntiaj Teb Tiv Thaiv/Av):Kev sib txuas hauv av kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, xyuas kom meej tias lub tsheb chassis tau sib txuas nrog lub grid's ground.
4. CP (Tus Tsav Xwm Tswj):Cov kab sib txuas lus siv los sib tham txog cov kev teeb tsa them nqi ntawm EVSE thiab lub tsheb.
5. CS (Kev Tswj Xyuas) / Tus Tsav Xwm Saib Xyuas Qhov Chaw (PP):Ib lub voj voog rov qab uas ntes tau seb lub ntsaws puas tau ntsaws tag thiab tso cai rau lub tsheb kom txwv tsis pub txav mus los thaum them.

2.3 Cov Yam Ntxwv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Cov Kev Txwv

Tus qauv Hom 1 txhawb nqa AC them txog li 80 Amps, uas ntawm 240V txhais tau tias lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm 19.2 kW. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov chaw them hluav taws xob Hom 1 hauv tsev ua haujlwm ntawm 16A (3.8 kW) thiab 48A (11.5 kW), phim lub peev xwm ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob hauv nkoj. Lub cev tsim ntawm cov pins yog robust, npaj los tswj cov khoom siv thermal siab dhau ntau txhiab lub voj voog. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Hom 1 ntsaws yog nws txoj kev tuav tes, uas yuav tsum tau tus neeg siv nias lub khawm kom tso lub ntsaws tawm ntawm lub tsheb qhov nkag.

3. Hom 2 (IEC 62196-2) Architecture: Tus Qauv Mennekes, Modular Design, thiab European Versatility

Thaum lub khw European nrhiav kev los ua kom lub tsheb them hluav taws xob EV zoo li qub, nws ntsib teeb meem sib txawv: qhov muaj ntau ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob peb theem hauv cov tsev nyob thiab cov chaw ua lag luam. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog qhov txuas Hom 2, feem ntau hu ua "Mennekes" ntsaws tom qab lub tuam txhab German uas tsim nws.

3.1 Kev Txav Mus Rau IEC 62196-2

Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Thoob Ntiaj Teb (IEC) tau txais yuav Hom 2 tsim los ua ib feem ntawm tus qauv IEC 62196. Tsis zoo li Hom 1 connector, uas tsuas yog siv tau rau ib theem xwb, Hom 2 connector tau tsim los txij thaum pib kom ua modular thiab yav tom ntej-proof. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ib theem, faib theem, thiab peb theem AC fais fab xa khoom.

3.2 Kev Tsim Qauv Xya-Pin thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm

Tus connector Hom 2 siv xya-pin configuration:

1. L1, L2, L3:Peb lub xov tooj sib cais, tso cai rau kev xa hluav taws xob peb theem.
2. N (Nruab Nrab):Ib tug neeg hlau tsis muaj zog tshwj xeeb, qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kab ke peb theem uas qhov thauj khoom yuav tsis sib npaug.
3. PE (Lub Ntiaj Teb Tiv Thaiv):Lub chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb.
4. CP (Tus Tsav Xwm Tswj):Cov kab teeb liab (zoo ib yam li J1772).
5. PP (Tus Tsav Xwm Sib Ze):Siv los ntes qhov muaj ntawm lub ntsaws thiab, hauv Hom 2 tus qauv, los sib txuas lus lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no ntawm lub cable nws tus kheej los ntawm lub kaw lus tiv thaiv-coded.

3.3 Kev Siv Tau Ntau Yam thiab Kev Txwv Fais Fab

Tus txuas Hom 2 muaj zog dua li Hom 1. Hauv kev teeb tsa peb theem, nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa txog li 63 Amps ib theem, raws li kev xav muab txog li 43 kW ntawm lub zog AC (txawm hais tias 22 kW yog qhov txwv rau feem ntau pej xeem thiab tsev nyob peb theem kev teeb tsa). Txawm tias nyob rau hauv hom ib theem, nws tuaj yeem phim qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm Hom 1. Ntxiv mus, qhov nkag Hom 2 ntawm lub tsheb tau tsim los kom sib xws nrog CCS2 (Combined Charging System) rau kev them hluav taws xob DC ceev ceev, ntxiv ob lub koob DC loj hauv qab AC interface.

4. Kev Sib Piv ntawm Lub Hwj Chim Theem: Kev Sib Piv ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Ib Theem thiab Kev Xa Khoom Hwj Chim Peb Theem

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Hom 1 thiab Hom 2 yog nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev tswj hwm cov theem hluav taws xob. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog kev xaiv ntawm tus txuas xwb tab sis kuj yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab grid.

4.1 Cov Kev Txwv Ib Theem Hauv Hom 1

Hauv hom 1 system, lub onboard charger (OBC) ntawm lub tsheb yog tsim los txais lub zog los ntawm ib qho AC qhov chaw. Yuav kom nce qhov ceev ntawm kev them, tsuas yog cov hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem hloov kho yog qhov voltage (120V txog 240V) thiab tam sim no (Amperage). Vim tias cov vaj huam sib luag nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas feem ntau txwv rau 200A tag nrho kev pabcuam, cov EV circuits tshwj xeeb tshaj 50A xav tau kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev them hluav taws xob ib theem siab kuj tso lub nra hnyav rau ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov pins txuas.

4.2 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb theem hauv hom 2

Cov kab ke hom 2 siv cov kab sib txuas peb theem uas feem ntau siv hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab qee qhov ntawm Asia thiab Oceania. Los ntawm kev faib lub zog hla peb theem, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem xa cov wattage tag nrho ntau dua ntawm cov amperages qis dua ib theem. Piv txwv li, lub charger 11 kW siv 16A hla peb theem (3 x 230V x 16A ≈ 11 kW). Yuav kom ua tiav tib yam 11 kW ntawm ib theem Hom 1, tam sim no yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 46A (240V x 46A ≈ 11 kW).

Qhov amperage qis dua ib theem hauv Hom 2 systems ua rau:

• Txo Kev Tsim Kub:Cov cua sov tsis kam tiv taus tsawg dua hauv cov cables thiab cov connectors.
• Cov Kab Hlau Me Me:Cov cables sib dua, yoog tau yooj yim dua rau tib lub zog tso zis.
• Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Grid:Kev them peb theem muab qhov hnyav sib npaug zoo dua rau lub grid, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm theem thiab cov teeb meem tam sim no hauv lub transformer faib khoom hauv zos.

4.3 Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo thiab Kev Hloov Pauv

Los ntawm kev pom txog kev siv tshuab, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub charger onboard kuj raug cuam tshuam. Peb-theem AC raug kho kom zoo dua rau DC dua li ib-theem AC, xav tau tsawg dua capacitive filtering kom ua tiav qhov ruaj khov DC voltage rau lub roj teeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv zoo dua me ntsis hauv peb-theem OBCs piv rau lawv cov ib-theem counterparts.

(Xaus ntawm Thaiv 1. Txuas ntxiv mus rau thaiv tom ntej kom mus txog qhov ntev thiab qhov tob uas xav tau.)

5. Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Lub Teeb Liab thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog CP (Control Pilot) thiab PP (Proximity Pilot) Functions

Kev sib txuas lus ntawm EVSE thiab EV yog tswj hwm los ntawm ob txoj kab teeb liab qis-voltage: Control Pilot (CP) thiab Proximity Pilot (PP). Txawm hais tias cov khoom sib txuas lub cev sib txawv, cov txheej txheem teeb liab hauv qab rau AC them tau raug teeb tsa raws li IEC 61851-1 thiab SAE J1772.

5.1 Tus Tsav Xwm Tswj (CP) thiab Kev Hloov Pauv Qhov Dav ntawm Lub Cev (PWM)

Lub teeb liab CP yog ib lub ±12V 1kHz square wave uas tsim los ntawm EVSE. Lub teeb liab no ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev sib tuav tes thiab qhia txog qhov xwm txheej. Cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus yog txhais los ntawm cov theem voltage tshwj xeeb thiab lub voj voog ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb liab PWM.

• Xeev A (Sawv Ntxov):Lub EVSE tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob +12V DC tas li. Qhov no qhia tau tias lub charger muaj zog tab sis tsis muaj lub tsheb txuas nrog.
• Xeev B (Lub Tsheb Txuas Nrog):Thaum lub ntsaws raug ntxig, lub tsheb txuas lub resistor thiab lub diode ntawm cov kab CP thiab PE. Qhov no txo ​​qhov voltage ntawm +12V mus rau +9V. EVSE ntes tau qhov poob no thiab pib tsim cov teeb liab 1kHz PWM.
• Xeev C (Thov kom them nqi):Lub tsheb qhia tias nws npaj txhij txais fais fab los ntawm kev kaw lub qhov hloov uas tso qhov tsis kam qis dua hauv lub voj voog, txo qhov hluav taws xob CP ntxiv mus rau + 6V. Thaum lub sijhawm no, EVSE kaw nws cov contactors sab hauv los muab hluav taws xob AC.
• Xeev D (Yuav Tsum Muaj Pa):Yog tias lub tsheb xav tau qhov cua (tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsheb EV niaj hnub no tab sis ib feem ntawm tus qauv), qhov hluav taws xob yuav poob rau + 3V.
• Xeev E/F (Yuam Kev):Lub teeb liab 0V lossis -12V qhia txog qhov ua yuam kev, xws li qhov ua yuam kev hauv av lossis kev sib txuas lus tsis tiav.

LubLub voj voog ua haujlwmntawm lub teeb liab PWM uas EVSE xa xov qhia rau lub tsheb qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no uas nws raug tso cai kos. Piv txwv li:

• 10% Lub Voj Voog Ua Haujlwm = 6 Amps
• 25% Lub Voj Voog Ua Haujlwm = 15 Amps
• 50% Lub Voj Voog Ua Haujlwm = 30 Amps
• 80% Lub Voj Voog Ua Haujlwm = 48 Amps

Qhov no tso cai rau kev tswj hwm lub nra hnyav dynamic; yog tias lub tsev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, EVSE tuaj yeem txo lub voj voog ua haujlwm kom tiv thaiv kev ua txhaum ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb.

5.2 Tus Proximity Pilot (PP) thiab Mechanical Interlock

Lub teeb liab PP ua kom lub tsheb tsis tuaj yeem tsav mus deb thaum ntsaws rau hauv thiab pab lub kaw lus txiav txim siab lub peev xwm nqa hluav taws xob ntawm cov xov hlau.

• Hauv Hom 1 (J1772):Cov kab PP (feem ntau hu ua CS pin) txuas nrog lub qhov hloov hauv lub qhov kov ntawm lub qhov ntsaws. Thaum tus neeg siv nias lub pob tso tawm, lub voj voog tawg. Lub tsheb hnov ​​​​​​qhov no tam sim ntawd thiab tsis rub cov hluav taws xob ua ntej cov pins fais fab tseem ceeb raug txiav, tiv thaiv kev hluav taws xob arcing.
• Hauv Hom 2 (IEC 62196):Cov kab PP siv los txheeb xyuas hom cable. Cov cables muaj lub resistor nruab nrab ntawm PP thiab PE pins. Ib txoj hlua 11 kW (16A) yuav muaj qhov tsis kam sib txawv ntawm 22 kW cable (32A). Lub EVSE thiab lub tsheb siv qhov tsis kam no los xyuas kom meej tias lawv tsis tshaj qhov txwv thermal ntawm txoj hlua, txawm tias lub tsheb muaj peev xwm siv hluav taws xob ntau dua los xij.

6. Kev Tsim Kho Tshuab thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb: Cov Txheej Txheem Xauv, Kev Ntsuas IP, thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg Lub Cev

Qhov chaw ib puag ncig rau kev them EV yog qhov nyuaj heev - raug nag, daus, hmoov av, thiab qhov kub thiab txias heev. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim kho tshuab ntawm Hom 1 thiab Hom 2 connectors yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho zoo heev.

6.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Xauv: Siv Tes vs. Hluav Taws Xob

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob tus qauv yog li cas lub ntsaws tau ruaj ntseg rau lub tsheb.

• Hom 1 Lub Qhov Rooj Tes:Lub qhov ntsaws hom 1 muaj lub qhov xauv uas siv tus ntiv tes xoo los qhib. Qhov no yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha tab sis tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg; leej twg tuaj yeem taug kev mus thiab rho lub tsheb them hluav taws xob tawm tshwj tsis yog tias tus neeg siv ntxiv lub xauv cais rau ntawm tus kov.
• Hom 2 Xauv Hluav Taws Xob:Tus qauv Hom 2 siv lub koob xauv uas muaj lub cev muaj zog nyob hauv lub tsheb qhov nkag. Thaum pib them, lub tsheb yuav xauv lub ntsaws rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev nyiag lub xov hlau (hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv them hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj hlua khi uas feem ntau nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe) thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub ntsaws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm thaum lub zog hluav taws xob ntws.

6.2 Kev Tiv Thaiv Qhov Nkag (IP) thiab Kev Sib Nqus Ib Puag Ncig

Ob lub connectors yog tsim los kom tau raws li qhov IP ratings siab (feem ntau IP54 lossis siab dua thaum mated).

• Cov Kev Dej Ntws:Cov khoom txuas hom 2 muaj cov qhov dej ntws tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv dej kom tsis txhob sib sau ua ke nyob ib puag ncig cov pins.
• Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Khoom Siv:Cov tsev nyob yog ua los ntawm UV-stabilized, impact-resistant polymers xws li PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate) los tiv taus kev poob rau ntawm cov pob zeb thiab kev raug tshav ntuj hnyav.
• Kev Sib Txuas Lus:Cov pins feem ntau yog nyiaj-plated kom ntseeg tau tias tsis tshua muaj kev sib cuag thiab muaj zog heev dhau ntau txhiab lub voj voog mating.

6.3 Kev Tswj Xyuas Kub

Cov khoom siv them fais fab AC niaj hnub no feem ntau muaj cov thermistors (NTC sensors) uas nyob hauv lub qhov ntsaws. Cov sensors no saib xyuas qhov kub ntawm cov pins tam sim ntawd. Yog tias qhov kub tshaj qhov txwv kev nyab xeeb (piv txwv li, vim muaj qhov txuas xoob lossis cov khib nyiab hauv qhov nkag), EVSE yuav ua lub teeb liab rau lub tsheb kom txo qhov tam sim no them lossis kaw tag nrho kom tiv thaiv hluav taws.

7. Global Grid Topologies: TN, TT, thiab IT Networks thiab Lawv Qhov Cuam Tshuam rau EVSE Installation

Kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm EVSE yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem grounding (earthing) uas siv hauv thaj chaw sib txawv. Lub EVSE yuav tsum kuaj pom tias muaj av nyab xeeb ua ntej nws tso cai rau kev them nqi.

7.1 TN Systems (Terra-Neutral)

Lub TN system feem ntau siv hauv North America (TN-CS) thiab UK. Hauv qhov kev teeb tsa no, cov neutral thiab ground raug sib txuas ntawm qhov nkag mus rau kev pabcuam. Txawm hais tias qhov no muab txoj hauv kev txhim khu kev qha rau cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, nws muaj kev pheej hmoo yog tias muaj qhov "Open PEN" (Protective Earth Neutral) fault. Yog tias cov xov hlau neutral los ntawm lub grid tawg, lub EV chassis tuaj yeem muaj zog ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev tsim cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb "Open PEN detection" hauv UK-spec chargers.

7.2 TT Systems (Terra-Terra)

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv qee qhov ntawm Continental Europe (xws li Fabkis thiab Ltalis) thiab Nyiv, lub TT system siv lub hauv av hauv zos uas tsis txuas nrog lub grid's neutral. EVSE ntsia rau ntawm TT networks yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam heev rau lub hauv av impedance. Yog tias lub hauv av rod tsis tob txaus lossis av qhuav dhau, lub charger yuav tsis kam pib vim nws tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas txoj kev tsis kam mus rau hauv av.

7.3 Cov Txheej Txheem IT (Isolé-Terra)

Pom muaj nyob rau hauv Norway thiab qee qhov chaw ua lag luam, lub kaw lus IT tsis muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm cov hluav taws xob nruab nrab / theem thiab lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cov nyom tshwj xeeb rau EVs, vim tias ntau lub chargers onboard tau tsim los xav kom muaj hluav taws xob nruab nrab. Cov transformers cais tshwj xeeb feem ntau xav tau los them EVs ntawm IT networks kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.

7.4 Qhov Zaus thiab Qhov Hluav Taws Xob Hloov Pauv

Txawm hais tias Hom 1 thiab Hom 2 feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv los ntawm lawv cov kev txhawb nqa theem, qhov zaus ntawm lub grid hauv qab (60Hz hauv Tebchaws Meskas / Nyiv Pooj vs. 50Hz hauv feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb) kuj cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov inductors thiab capacitors hauv lub tsheb lub charger onboard. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov OBCs niaj hnub no yog ntau yam, muaj peev xwm tswj tau 100V-250V thiab 50/60Hz.

8. Kev Txwv Fais Fab Hauv Tsev: Yuav Ua Li Cas Cov Cai Tswjfwm Hauv Tebchaws thiab Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag Hauv Tsev Txwv Kev Ceev ntawm EV Charging

Qhov ceev them ceev raws li kev xav (xws li 22 kW rau Hom 2 lossis 19.2 kW rau Hom 1) tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov chaw nyob vim yog qhov txwv ntawm lub network hauv zos thiab lub vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob hauv tsev.

8.1 Tebchaws Asmeskas Sab Qaum Teb: Qhov Txwv ntawm 200A Vaj Huam Sib Luag

Nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ib lub tsev niaj hnub no feem ntau muaj lub vaj huam sib luag pabcuam 200A. Lub charger Level 2 kos 48A xav tau lub breaker 60A. Raws li National Electrical Code (NEC), kev thauj khoom tas mus li (xws li EV charging) yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 80% ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm lub voj voog breaker. Rau cov tsev uas muaj cov vaj huam sib luag 100A qub, kev teeb tsa lub EVSE muaj zog siab tsis yooj yim sua yog tsis muaj kev hloov kho kev pabcuam, uas tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau txhiab daus las. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nyiam ntawm 32A (7.7 kW) chargers, uas sib npaug qhov ceev ntawm kev them nrog lub peev xwm ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag.

8.2 Lub Tebchaws United Kingdom: Ib Leeg-Theem Dominance thiab Qhib PEN

Txawm hais tias lub network UK yog peb theem ntawm qib kev faib khoom, feem ntau cov tsev tau muab nrog ib theem 230V, 60A lossis 100A. Qhov no txwv tsis pub them nqi hauv tsev mus rau 7.4 kW. Vim yog TN-CS earthing uas tau hais ua ntej, cov cai ntawm UK xav kom cov chargers muaj kev tiv thaiv kim heev tiv thaiv qhov qhib tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, ua rau UK-specific EVSE nyuaj dua li lawv cov European counterparts.

8.3 Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Sab Qaum Teb Tebchaws Europe: Tus Qauv 11 kW

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, lub zog peb theem yog tus qauv hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev nyob. Qhov no tso cai rau kev teeb tsa dav dav ntawm 11 kW (3 x 16A) phab ntsa. Tsis zoo li hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov twg 11 kW xav tau lub voj voog ib theem hnyav 60A, hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws tsuas yog xav tau lub voj voog peb theem 16A, uas siv cov xov hlau nyias dua thiab yooj yim los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag faib khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Ntau lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob hauv German xav tau kev ceeb toom lossis kev pom zoo rau cov chargers saum 11 kW (xws li 22 kW units) kom ntseeg tau tias lub network hauv zos ruaj khov.

8.4 Australia thiab New Zealand: Hluav Taws Xob Siab, Ib Theem

Australia siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob 230V/240V zoo ib yam li UK. Feem ntau cov chaw nyob hauv tsev yog ib theem 7.4 kW. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov deb thiab qhov xwm txheej nyob deb nroog ntawm lub grid, qhov hloov pauv ntawm hluav taws xob feem ntau tshwm sim. EVSE hauv cov cheeb tsam no yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau thiab qis dua kom tswj tau "brownouts" lossis surges yam tsis ua rau lub tsheb puas tsuaj.

(Xaus ntawm Thaiv 2. Txuas ntxiv mus rau thaiv tom ntej kom mus txog qhov ntev thiab qhov tob uas xav tau.)

9. Kev Tiv Thaiv Circuit Kom Tag Nrho: Siv Hom A/B RCDs, Kev Tshawb Pom Kev Tawm Dag DC, thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Overcurrent hauv AC Charging

Kev nyab xeeb yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim EVSE. Kev them lub tsheb EV yuav tsum xa hluav taws xob ntau heev rau lub sijhawm ntev, feem ntau yog thaum ntub dej. Yog li ntawd, lub voj voog tiv thaiv yuav tsum zoo dua li cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

9.1 Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob seem (RCDs): Hom A piv rau Hom B

Ib lub RCD yog tsim los nrhiav qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm kab thiab cov xov hlau nruab nrab, uas qhia txog kev xau mus rau hauv av ("qhov txhaum hauv av"). Hauv kev them EV, muaj ib qho kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb:DC Residual Tam Sim No.

• Hom A RCDs:Cov no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov vaj huam sib luag nyob hauv tsev thiab tuaj yeem ntes tau AC thiab cov hluav taws xob DC uas tseem tshuav. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem "qhib qhov muag" los ntawm kev xau DC du. Yog tias qhov txhaum hauv lub EV lub charger onboard ua rau ntau dua 6mA ntawm DC du xau rau sab AC, Hom A RCD lub hauv paus transformer sab hauv tuaj yeem saturate, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tripping txawm tias muaj qhov txhaum AC txaus ntshai tshwm sim.
• Hom B RCDs:Cov no yog tsim los ntes AC, pulsating DC, thiab du DC residual currents. Txawm hais tias lawv muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua, lawv kim dua.
• RDC-DD (Cov Khoom Siv Tshawb Xyuas Tam Sim No Uas Tsis Tshwm Sim):Yuav kom txo tau tus nqi thaum tseem tswj tau kev nyab xeeb, ntau lub EVSE niaj hnub no muaj ib lub RDC-DD module (ua raws li IEC 62955). Lub module no ntes tau qhov xau DC du saum 6mA thiab ua rau lub charger khiav. Thaum muaj RDC-DD, ib lub RCD hom A (thiab pheej yig dua) siv tau rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag faib hluav taws xob sab saud.

9.2 Kev Tiv Thaiv Overcurrent thiab Short-Circuit

Txhua lub voj voog EVSE yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB). Vim tias kev them EV yog ib qho kev thauj khoom tas mus li, MCB yuav tsum raug txo qis. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas (NEC), 40A kev them nqi xav tau 50A breaker. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, kev xaiv MCB (Hom B, C, lossis D nkhaus) nyob ntawm qhov xav tau inrush tam sim no ntawm lub tsheb lub charger onboard. Lub "C" nkhaus breaker feem ntau yog nyiam kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm txuas thawj zaug.

9.3 Kev Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD)

EVSE feem ntau raug teeb tsa sab nraum zoov thiab txuas nrog ib yam khoom loj (lub tsheb), ua rau lawv yooj yim raug xob laim tsis ncaj qha thiab hluav taws xob ntau dhau. Kev teeb tsa ntawm Hom 2 Surge Protective Device (SPD) yog qhov pom zoo heev (thiab hauv qee thaj chaw, zoo li lub teb chaws Yelemees, yuav tsum muaj) los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rhiab heev ntawm lub charger thiab lub tsheb.

9.4 Cov Neeg Sib Txuas Lus thiab Kev Rho Tawm Galvanic

Lub plawv ntawm EVSE lub zog xa khoom yogTus neeg tiv tauj. Qhov no yog ib qho relay hnyav uas txuas lossis txiav cov AC fais fab pins. Rau kev nyab xeeb, tus contactor yuav tsum "normally open," txhais tau tias lub zog tsuas yog muab thaum lub teeb liab CP qhia "State C" (Npaj Them). EVSE zoo siv plaub-pole contactors rau peb-theem systems kom ntseeg tau tias txhua theem thiab qhov nruab nrab raug cais tawm thaum tsis siv. Qee cov chav tsev siab heev kuj suav nrog "Welded Contact Detection," uas saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm contactor; yog tias cov contacts fuse ua ke (tiv thaiv lub zog los ntawm kev txiav tawm), EVSE yuav ua rau lub tswb ceeb toom kho vajtse thiab nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej txhaum.

10. Kev Them Nyiaj Ntse thiab ISO 15118: Tsiv Mus Dhau PWM Mus Rau Kev Sib Txuas Lus Digital thiab Plug & Charge

Txawm hais tias qhov kev teeb tsa CP/PP yooj yim txaus rau kev them AC yooj yim, yav tom ntej ntawm EV ecosystem vam khom rau kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj, digital. Qhov no yog qhov uas tus qauv ISO 15118 los ua si.

10.1 Cov Kev Txwv ntawm PWM

Tus qauv PWM signaling tsuas yog qhia txog qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no muaj. Nws tsis qhia rau EVSE lub tsheb lub xeev them (SoC), nws lub peev xwm roj teeb, lossis nws tus cim tshwj xeeb. Yog tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv no, cov yam ntxwv xws li kev them nqi tsis siv neeg, kev them nqi grid-aware, thiab kev hloov pauv fais fab ob txoj kev nyuaj rau kev siv.

10.2 Kev Sib Txuas Lus ntawm HomePlug Green PHY thiab PLC

ISO 15118 qhia txogKev Sib Txuas Lus Hauv Kab Fais Fab (PLC)hla lub xov hlau Control Pilot (CP). Los ntawm kev muab lub teeb liab digital zaus siab (HomePlug Green PHY) tso rau ntawm lub teeb liab 1kHz CP, lub tsheb thiab EVSE tuaj yeem tsim kev sib txuas TCP/IP. Qhov no tso cai rau:

• Ntsaws & Them:Lub tsheb yuav txheeb xyuas nws tus kheej rau lub charger. Lub charger sib txuas lus nrog lub back-end server kom tso cai rau lub sijhawm thiab ua haujlwm them nyiaj yam tsis tas yuav siv daim npav RFID lossis lub mobile app.
• Kev Sib Koom Tes Hauv Smart Grid:Lub tsheb EV tuaj yeem qhia nws lub sijhawm tawm mus thiab cov kev xav tau hluav taws xob. Lub grid (lossis Lub Tsev Tswj Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob - HEMS) tuaj yeem teem sijhawm them rau thaum tus nqi hluav taws xob qis tshaj plaws lossis kev tsim hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab siab tshaj plaws.

10.3 Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Kev Them Nyiaj Ob Txoj Kev (V2G, V2H, V2X)

Ib qho ntawm cov yam zoo siab tshaj plaws ntawm ISO 15118 (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog -20 kev hloov kho) yog kev txhawb nqa rau kev them hluav taws xob ob txoj kev. Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov kev siv Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) tam sim no siv DC (ntawm CHAdeMO lossis CCS), kev them hluav taws xob ob txoj kev tso cai rau lub tsheb siv nws tus kheej lub charger ua lub inverter los thawb lub zog rov qab mus rau hauv tsev lossis lub grid. Qhov no yuav tsum tau EVSE ua haujlwm ua tus neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, xyuas kom meej tias lub zog uas tau pub rov qab rau hauv lub grid phim lub sijhawm thiab zaus ntawm lub grid zoo meej.

11. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Cov Qauv Hauv Cheeb Tsam: GB/T (Tuam Tshoj) piv rau Hom 2

Txawm hais tias Hom 1 thiab Hom 2 npog feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb, Tuam Tshoj - lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam EV loj tshaj plaws - siv nws tus qauv:GB/T 20234.

11.1 Kev Zoo Sib Xws Rau Hom 2

Lub cev, lub GB/T AC connector zoo li zoo ib yam li lub Type 2 connector. Nws muaj xya-pin layout. Txawm li cas los xij, cov poj niam txiv neej yog rov qab: lub ntsaws muaj cov pins (txiv neej), thiab lub tsheb muaj cov sockets (poj niam), uas yog qhov txawv ntawm Hom 2 tus qauv.

11.2 Qhov Txawv ntawm Kev Sib Txuas Lus

Cov teeb liab hauv GB/T AC kuj yog raws li tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus PWM li Hom 1 thiab Hom 2. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi resistor tseeb rau PP thiab CP tes sib txawv me ntsis. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub tsheb European Hom 2 tsis tuaj yeem siv lub charger Suav GB/T (lossis vice versa) yam tsis muaj lub adapter tshwj xeeb uas tsis tsuas yog hloov cov pins lub cev tab sis kuj muaj lub voj voog hloov pauv teeb liab.

11.3 Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Lag Luam

Qhov sib txawv ntawm GB/T tus qauv qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw thiab kev lag luam uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim qauv txuj ci. Los ntawm kev tsim nws tus kheej tus qauv, Tuam Tshoj tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias nws cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev muaj lub ecosystem tiv thaiv thaum tseem siv cov kev kawm txuj ci uas tau kawm los ntawm IEC cov qauv.

12. Kev Ntsuas, Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj, thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Zoo: UL, CE, thiab Tshaj Lij

Ua ntej muag tau lub tsheb EVSE, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom zoo kom paub tseeb tias nws yuav tsis ua rau tus neeg siv raug hluav taws xob lossis ua rau muaj hluav taws.

12.1 UL 2594 thiab UL 2231 (Asmeskas Qaum Teb)

Hauv North America, Underwriters Laboratories (UL) txhais cov qauv rau EVSE. UL 2594 npog qhov kev tsim kho yooj yim thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub chaw them hluav taws xob, thaum UL 2231 tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm (RCD / GFCI functionality). Ib qho tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv pov thawj UL yog "Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Cuam Tshuam" - lub charger yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav ntaus yam tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob.

12.2 CE thiab IEC 61851 (Tebchaws Europe/Thoob Ntiaj Teb)

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, lub cim CE qhia txog kev ua raws li Low Voltage Directive thiab EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Directive. Tus qauv kev siv tshuab tseem ceeb yogIEC 61851Kev kuaj suav nrog:

• Lub zog dielectric:Xyuas kom meej tias cov rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem tswj tau cov hluav taws xob siab.
• Kub nce:Khiav lub charger ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no rau ntau teev kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis kub dhau.
• Kev Ruaj Ntseg Ib puag ncig:Kev ntsuam xyuas ntsev rau thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv thiab kev ntsuam xyuas hmoov av rau thaj chaw qhuav.

12.3 Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ntsuas Kev Sib Koom Tes

Tsis tas li ntawm kev nyab xeeb, muaj qhov kev cov nyom ntawmKev sib koom tes ua haujlwmTsis yog txhua lub tsheb ua haujlwm zoo nrog txhua lub charger. Cov pab pawg zoo li CharIN (Charging Interface Initiative) ua "Testivals" qhov twg cov tuam txhab tsim khoom coj lawv cov tsheb thiab cov chargers los xyuas kom meej tias kev sib tuav tes thiab kev sib txuas lus ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm ntau hom.

(Xaus ntawm Thaiv 3. Txuas ntxiv nthuav dav cov ntsiab lus txog kev siv cov ntsaws ntse thiab kev teeb tsa tus qauv yav tom ntej.)

13. Kev Txheeb Xyuas Cov Cheebtsam Siab Tshaj Plaws: Kev Tsim Kho Sab Hauv ntawm Lub Thawv Phab Ntsa Niaj Hnub

Yuav kom nkag siab txog qhov txawv ntawm Hom 1 thiab Hom 2 systems ntawm qib me me, ib tug yuav tsum saib sab hauv "wallbox" nws tus kheej. Lub EVSE tsis yog tsuas yog ib txoj hlua txuas ntxiv xwb; nws yog ib lub computer tswj fais fab zoo heev.

13.1 Tus Tswj Xyuas Tseem Ceeb (MCU)

Lub hlwb ntawm EVSE feem ntau yog 32-bit microcontroller (xws li ARM Cortex-M series). Lub chip no tswj hwm 1kHz CP teeb liab tsim, saib xyuas PP tsis kam, thiab khiav cov logic kev nyab xeeb. Hauv cov chargers ntse, MCU no kuj tswj hwm Wi-Fi lossis Ethernet stack thiab sib txuas lus nrog tus neeg siv lub xov tooj ntawm tes app ntawm MQTT lossis HTTP protocols.

13.2 Kev Ntsuas Tam Sim No: Hall Effect vs. Shunt

Txhawm rau saib xyuas lub zog xa tawm thiab ntes cov xwm txheej overcurrent, EVSE siv cov sensors tam sim no.

• Cov Sensors Hall Effect:Cov no ntsuas lub zog sib nqus uas tsim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no. Lawv muab kev cais tawm galvanic thiab zoo heev rau cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob siab.
• Cov Resistors Shunt:Cov no ntsuas qhov voltage poob thoob plaws qhov tsis kam uas paub lawm. Txawm hais tias lawv raug heev los xij, lawv xav tau cov circuitry cais tawm uas nyuaj dua.

Hauv peb-theem Hom 2 chargers, MCU yuav tsum saib xyuas peb txoj kev tam sim no sib cais tib lub sijhawm kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib npaug ntawm theem thiab ntes tau yog tias ib theem tsis ua haujlwm.

13.3 Kev Muab Fais Fab Pab

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv (MCU, Wi-Fi module, zaub, thiab contactor coils) xav tau lub hwj chim DC qis (feem ntau yog 12V lossis 5V). Hauv Hom 2 peb-theem system, lub hwj chim pabcuam feem ntau tsim los ua haujlwm txawm tias tsuas yog ib theem xwb, uas tso cai rau lub charger kom nyob "online" thiab tshaj tawm qhov yuam kev poob theem rau tus neeg siv.

14. Cov Plugs Ntse thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus: Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Kev Them Nqi Nqa Tau

Txawm hais tias cov thawv ntsa ruaj khov yog tus qauv kub, ntau tus tswv EV vam khom cov chargers nqa tau (feem ntau hu ua "granny cables" lossis "IC-CPD" - In-Cable Control and Protection Devices).

14.1 Cov Kev Pheej Hmoo Txog Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hauv Tsev

Kev them lub tsheb fais fab los ntawm lub qhov (socket) hauv tsev (NEMA 5-15 hauv Tebchaws Meskas lossis Schuko hauv Tebchaws Europe) yog qhov nyuaj heev. Cov qhov no tsis tau tsim los xa 10-16 Amps tas li rau 12 teev.

• Kev khiav tawm ntawm Thermal:Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, qhov kev nruj ntawm lub qhov (socket) cov hlau sib cuag tuaj yeem qaug zog, ua rau muaj kev tiv taus siab thiab kub heev.
• Cov Plugs Ntse rau Kev Cawm Dim:Cov chargers zoo uas nqa tau yooj yim tam sim no muaj cov sensors kub uas tau tsim ncaj qha rau hauv lub qhov ntsaws phab ntsa hauv tsev. Yog tias lub qhov ntsaws pib kub dhau, IC-CPD yuav ua lub cim rau lub tsheb kom txo qhov rub tam sim no, tiv thaiv lub qhov (socket) kom tsis txhob yaj.

14.2 Lub Tshuab Them Nqi Uas Siv Tau Rau Txhua Tus

Hauv Hom 2 ecosystem, ib qho kev hloov tshiab yog lub modular portable charger (xws li Juice Booster lossis Tesla Mobile Connector). Cov khoom siv no siv ntau yam adapters sib pauv tau. Lub cuab yeej paub txog lub adapter twg txuas nrog (siv lub resistor-coded system zoo ib yam li PP pin) thiab teeb tsa qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev them tam sim no. Qhov no muab kev daws teeb meem them "universal" uas ua haujlwm thoob plaws ntau lub tebchaws thiab ntau hom qhov (socket) thaum tswj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub thawv phab ntsa ruaj khov.

15. Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm North American: Los ntawm Hom 1 (J1772) mus rau NACS (SAE J3400)

Muaj kev hloov pauv loj heev tam sim no tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam North American uas ua rau qhov kev sib piv Hom 1 vs. Hom 2 nyuaj: kev siv North American Charging Standard (NACS), uas Tesla tau tsim thiab tam sim no tau teeb tsa ua SAE J3400.

15.1 NACS Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Kev Siv Tshuab

Tsis zoo li Hom 1 thiab Hom 2, uas muaj cov pins sib cais rau AC thiab DC them, lub NACS connector siv tib ob lub pins tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si. Nws yog ib qho qauv zoo nkauj, me me uas tswj tau ob qho tib si ib theem AC thiab high-speed DC.

15.2 Kev Sib Koom Ua Ke ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem

Qhov tseem ceeb, thaum lub cev NACS connector txawv, nws siv lubcov txheej txheem sib txuas lus zoo ib yamRaws li cov qauv uas peb tau tham txog. Rau kev them AC, nws siv J1772 PWM signaling. Rau kev them DC, nws siv ISO 15118 PLC kev sib txuas lus. Qhov no txhais tau tias nrog ib lub passive adapter yooj yim, lub tsheb Hom 1 tuaj yeem them ntawm NACS AC chaw nres tsheb, thiab rov qab los. Qhov kev hloov pauv no qhia txog kev txav mus rau qhov compactness yam tsis muaj kev txi cov qauv signaling uas ua kom muaj kev sib koom tes thoob ntiaj teb.

16. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Onboard Charger (OBC) Topology rau AC Charging Performance

Lub qhov txuas thiab lub thawv ntsa tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg xwb. Lub Onboard Charger (OBC) ntawm lub tsheb thaum kawg txiav txim siab qhov ceev ntawm kev them.

16.1 Ib-Theem OBC piv rau Peb-Theem OBC

Ntau lub tsheb EV theem pib (thiab cov plug-in hybrids) tsuas muaj ib theem OBC xwb, txawm tias nyob rau hauv Hom 2 kev lag luam. Yog tias koj ntsaws lub tsheb nrog 7 kW ib theem OBC rau hauv 22 kW peb theem Hom 2 charger, nws tsuas yog rub 7 kW los ntawm ib qho ntawm peb theem muaj. Qhov no yog qhov tsis meej pem rau cov neeg siv khoom.

16.2 Cov Qauv OBC Modular

Qee cov chaw tsim khoom (xws li Tesla thiab Renault) siv cov OBCs modular. Hauv kev lag luam Hom 2, lub tsheb yuav muaj peb lub modules them 3.7 kW zoo ib yam. Thaum txuas nrog lub zog peb-theem, txhua lub module tswj ib theem, tag nrho 11 kW. Thaum txuas nrog lub charger ib-theem Hom 1 (hauv Tebchaws Meskas), lub tsheb tuaj yeem sib npaug cov modules no kom kos tau txog 11 kW los ntawm ib theem siab-amperage. Qhov modularity no yog ib qho masterpiece ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, tso cai rau tib lub platform tsheb kom muag thoob ntiaj teb nrog kev hloov pauv tsawg kawg nkaus rau nws cov qauv hluav taws xob siab.

17. Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Software: OCPP thiab Cloud-Based Load Management

Thaum peb txav mus rau ntau txhiab lub chargers txuas nrog tib lub grid, software ua qhov tseem ceeb ib yam li tooj liab thiab silicon.

17.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Qhib Chaw Them Nqi (OCPP)

OCPP yog hom lus siv rau kev lag luam nruab nrab ntawm EVSE thiab lub kaw lus tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab (CMS). Nws tso cai rau:

• Kev Tshawb Xyuas Chaw Nyob Deb:Ib tug kws kho tshuab tuaj yeem rov pib dua lub charger lossis hloov kho nws cov firmware los ntawm ntau txhiab mais deb.
• Kev Ntsuas Dynamic Load:Hauv ib lub tsev nyob uas muaj 20 lub charger tab sis tsuas yog muaj 100A xwb, CMS tuaj yeem siv OCPP los qhia txhua lub charger tias nws muab tau hluav taws xob ntau npaum li cas hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, kom ntseeg tau tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev yeej tsis ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm ua kom tag nrho lub zog xa mus rau txhua lub tsheb siab tshaj plaws.

17.2 Kev Paub Txog Tus Neeg Siv (UX) thiab "App Economy"

Rau cov neeg siv khoom, qhov sib txawv ntawm Hom 1 thiab Hom 2 feem ntau ploj mus tom qab lub xov tooj ntse app. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sib txuas ruaj khov - qhov ceev npaum li cas CP sib tuav tes ua tiav, qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm Wi-Fi rov txuas dua tom qab hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm - tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev paub zoo ntawm tus neeg siv.

18. Xaus Lus: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Tej Yam Nyuaj Ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Hybrid Charging

Qhov txawv ntawm Hom 1 thiab Hom 2 EV chargers tsis yog tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov pins lossis cov duab ntawm cov yas xwb. Nws yog ib qho kev xav txog ob lub tswv yim sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

• Hom 1 (J1772)yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem muaj zog, siab tam sim no uas tau tsim kho rau ib theem 120V / 240V split-phase grid uas tswj hwm North America thiab Nyiv. Nws tus qauv tsim tsib-pin - ob lub zog, ib qho av, ob lub teeb liab - yog qhov yooj yim, xa cov kev them nqi Qib 2 txhim khu kev qha ntawm txog li 80A (19.2kW) ntawm 240V circuit. Nws tau tsim los rau lub ntiaj teb uas feem ntau kev them nqi tshwm sim hauv tsev lossis ntawm chaw ua haujlwm, dhau sijhawm, thiab qhov twg yooj yim thiab tus nqi tswj hwm cov lus qhia engineering.
• Hom 2 (IEC 62196-2)yog lub platform xya-pin uas tsim rau peb-theem 400V grid ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab feem ntau ntawm Asia. Nws nqa tib ob lub cim pins tab sis ntxiv peb-theem fais fab pins, ua rau AC them tau txog li 43kW (lossis 22kW hauv feem ntau qhov kev teeb tsa tiag tiag) thiab txhawb nqa cov zog siab dua uas European cov tsev nyob thiab cov lag luam xav tau. Nws qhov kev hloov pauv kuj txuas mus rau DC: tsev neeg txuas Hom 2 yog lub hauv paus ntawm CCS2 combo inlet, thaum Hom 1's J1772 tsim tau tsim CCS1.
• Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb:Ob tus qauv tsis yog "zoo dua" hauv lub ntsiab lus tseeb - txhua tus yog kev teb engineering ncaj ncees rau nws lub grid hauv tsev. Hom 1 yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig thiab ruaj khov rau thaj chaw ib theem; Hom 2 yog lub platform muaj zog siab, yav tom ntej-yooj yim rau thaj chaw peb theem. Qhov tsis ua haujlwm tsis yog qhov txuas tab sis cov khoom siv uas tsis kam hloov kho: cov chargers thiab EVs uas txhawb nqa tsuas yog ib tus qauv xauv lawv cov tswv tawm ntawm lub network roaming thoob ntiaj teb uas loj hlob.

Txoj Kev Mus Tom Ntej

Rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov lus teb uas siv tau yog cov khoom siv ntau tus qauv. Cov khoom siv them fais DC ob tus qauv (CCS1 + CCS2, CCS + CHAdeMO, thiab NACS ntau zuj zus) cia ib yam khoom siv tau rau txhua thaj tsam, thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv cov tsheb qub. Rau cov neeg siv khoom, zaj lus qhia yooj yim dua: xaiv cov tsheb thiab cov khoom them fais uas txhawb nqa cov qauv ntawm cov tes hauj lwm uas koj yuav siv tiag tiag - thiab cia siab tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev lag luam ntawm NACS hauv North America thiab CCS2 hauv Tebchaws Europe yuav ua rau kev sib raug zoo tsawg dua qhov mob taub hau txhua xyoo dhau los.

Ib Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Txog Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Kev Nyab Xeeb

Tom qab cov duab ntawm lub ntsaws yog ib txheej ntawm kev tsim kho uas cov neeg siv khoom yeej tsis pom tab sis txhua tus neeg teeb tsa yuav tsum hwm: daim ntawv pov thawj. Hom 1 kho vajtse nqa UL 2594 / UL 2594-1 thiab CSA cov npe hauv North America, thaum Hom 2 kho vajtse yuav tsum ua tau raws li IEC 61851-1 thiab, rau kev teeb tsa lag luam, IEC 62196-2 daim ntawv pov thawj hauv Tebchaws Europe. CE cim, UKCA, thiab kev ua raws li cov cai hauv zos (piv txwv li, VDE-AR-N 4100 hauv Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) txiav txim siab seb lub charger puas tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub network raws li txoj cai. Cov neeg teb xov tooj nrhiav khoom siv rau ntau thaj tsam yuav tsum thov daim ntawv pov thawj uas phim txhua qhov kev teeb tsa - qhov yuav tsum tau ua uas tsis sib xws rau cov chaw tsim khoom uas sim thiab lees paub txhua qhov sib txawv hauv cheeb tsam es tsis txhob rov ua dua ib qho kev tsim qauv.

Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb

• Hom 1 (J1772) qhia txog ib theem ntawm North American infrastructure; Hom 2 (IEC 62196-2) qhia txog peb theem ntawm European infrastructure.
• Ob qho tib si tsim tsib-pin Hom 1 thiab xya-pin Hom 2 vam khom tib lub logic CP/PP signaling, yog li cov "lus" hluav taws xob tau sib koom txawm tias thaum lub geometry txawv.
• Qhov muaj peev xwm peb theem ntawm hom 2 ua rau muaj zog AC ntau dua, thaum qhov yooj yim ntawm hom 1 ua rau tus nqi thiab qhov nyuaj tsawg.
• Kev tswj hwm network raws li OCPP thiab cov khoom siv ntau tus qauv ua rau lub ntiaj teb hybrid charging tswj tau rau cov neeg teb xov tooj thiab tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov tsav tsheb.

Tiv Tauj MIDA Power tsim cov chargers rau lub ntiaj teb sib xyaw: AC thiab DC systems, CCS1/CCS2/CHAdeMO/NACS connector options, thiab OCPP-compliant network software uas tswj txhua yam kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv los ntawm ib lub dashboard. Tiv tauj peb pab neeg kom tau txais kev taw qhia txog kev sib raug zoo, cov lus qhia txog kev siv tshuab, thiab cov lus hais uas haum rau koj cheeb tsam cov khoom siv.