Te Whakataurite i ngā Pūnaha Momo 1 J1772 me Momo 2 IEC 62196-2

Te Aratohu Hangarau Whakamutunga ki ngā Paerewa Utu EV o te Ao: He Whakataurite Whānui i ngā Pūnaha Momo 1 J1772 me te Momo 2 IEC 62196-2, te Āhuahanga Whatunga, ngā Kawa Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero, me te Hanganga Atamai

1. Kupu Whakataki: Te Huringa Ao ki te Whakamahinga Hiko me te Tūranga o te Utu Paerewa

Kei te huri te āhua o te ao motuka, mai i ngā miihini mura ā-roto (ICE) ki te whakatere hiko. Ko te mea nui o tēnei whakawhiti ko te hanganga e tautoko ana i a ia: ko te Taputapu Tuku Waka Hiko (EVSE), e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā rihi EV. I te tere haere o te whakamahi i ngā waka hiko (EV), ka noho ko te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau o ngā paerewa utu hei mea nui mā ngā kaihangarau, ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, me ngā kaihoko.

I mua, he wehewehe te whanaketanga o ngā paerewa utu hiko EV, he mea awe nā ngā hoahoa whatunga hiko ā-rohe, ngā taiao ture, me ngā painga rautaki a ngā kaihanga motuka. I ēnei rā, e rua ngā paerewa matua e whakahaere ana i te mākete utu AC (auau hurihuri): te Momo 1 (SAE J1772) me te Momo 2 (IEC 62196-2). Ahakoa he rite tonu te kaupapa matua o ēnei e rua—te whakawhiti i te pūngao hiko mai i te whatunga ki te rihi o runga o te waka—he rerekē rawa ngā whakatinanatanga hangarau, ngā hoahoa ā-tinana, me ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he tātaritanga hangarau hōhonu mō ngā pūnaha utu Momo 1 me Momo 2. Ka tūhuratia e mātou ō rātou rerekētanga hoahoa, ō rātou urutau ki ngā momo āhua whatunga ā-ao, te ahupūngao o ā rātou tohu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ngā tikanga haumaru e tiaki ana i te kaiwhakamahi me te waka. Hei tāpiri, ka tirohia e mātou te pānga o ngā here hiko noho puta noa i ngā iwi rerekē ki ngā tere utu me ngā ia hou e hanga ana i te heke mai o te hononga atamai paerewa i roto i te pūnaha EV.

2. Momo 1 (SAE J1772) Hanganga: Hītori, Whirihoranga Pine, me te Mana o Amerika Te Raki

Ko te hononga Momo 1, e mōhiotia ana i mua ko te paerewa SAE J1772, koia te atanga utu AC matua e whakamahia ana i Amerika Te Raki me Hapani. I whakawhanakehia e te Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), i hangaia hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia motuhake o ngā whatunga hiko kotahi-wāhanga e kitea ana i ēnei rohe.

2.1 Te Horopaki Hītori me te Rapunga Whakaaro Hoahoa

I te tau 2001 i whakaarohia tuatahitia ai te paerewa J1772, ā, i maha ngā whakahoutanga i mahia kia tae atu ki tōna āhua o nāianei. Ko te whāinga matua o te hoahoa he waihanga i tētahi atanga haumaru, pakari, me te ngāwari ki te whakamahi mō te utu Taumata 1 (120V) me te Taumata 2 (240V). He rerekē ki ngā whakaritenga maha-wāhanga o ngā whatunga hiko Pākehā, ko te whatunga hiko kāinga o Amerika Te Raki he wāhanga-wehewehe te nuinga, e whakarato ana i ngā waewae 120V e rua ka taea te whakakotahi mō te ratonga 240V. Nō reira, i arotauhia te hononga Momo 1 mō te tuku hiko kotahi-wāhanga teitei.

2.2 Whirihoranga Pine Tinana

He tahora titi-rima tō te hononga Momo 1:

1. L1 (Raina 1):Te kaiārahi mana matua.
2. L2/N (Raina 2, Raina Kūpapa rānei):I roto i te utunga Taumata 1 120V, ka mahi tēnei hei wāhanga kūpapa. I roto i te utunga Taumata 2 240V, ka mahi tēnei hei wāhanga 120V tuarua (L2).
3. PE (Papa Whenua/Pare Tiaki):Te hononga whenua haumaru, hei whakarite kia piri te anga o te waka ki te whenua o te whatunga.
4. CP (Pairata Whakahaere):Te aho whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakamahia ana hei whiriwhiri i ngā tawhā utu i waenga i te EVSE me te waka.
5. Kaiwhakahaere Mana Whakahaere (CS) / Kaiurungi Tata (PP):He porowhita urupare e kite ana mēnā kua whakaurua katoatia te mono, ā, ka taea e te waka te aukati i te nekehanga i te wā e utu ana.

2.3 Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Herenga Hiko

Ka tautoko te paerewa Momo 1 i te utu AC tae atu ki te 80 Amps, ā, i te 240V ka puta he mana mōrahi o te 19.2 kW. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā rihi Momo 1 mō ngā whare noho ka mahi i waenga i te 16A (3.8 kW) me te 48A (11.5 kW), e rite ana ki ngā āheinga o ngā rihi onboard noa. He pakari te hoahoa ā-tinana o ngā pine, i hangaia hei whakahaere i ngā kawenga wera nui i roto i ngā mano tini huringa. Ko tētahi āhuatanga motuhake o te mono Momo 1 ko tana tikanga raka ā-ringa, e hiahia ana kia pēhia e te kaiwhakamahi te keu hei tuku i te mono mai i te tomokanga o te waka.

3. Momo 2 (IEC 62196-2) Hoahoa: Te Paerewa Mennekes, te Hoahoa Modular, me te Whānuitanga o Ūropi

I te whai a te mākete Pākehā ki te whakapūmau i te utunga EV, i pā mai tētahi wero rerekē: te whānui o ngā pūnaha hiko toru-wāhanga i roto i ngā wāhi noho me ngā wāhi arumoni. Ko te otinga ko te hononga Momo 2, e kiia ana ko te mono "Mennekes" i muri i te kamupene Tiamana nāna i hoahoa.

3.1 Te Nekehanga ki te IEC 62196-2

I tangohia e te International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) te hoahoa Momo 2 hei wāhanga o te paerewa IEC 62196. He rerekē ki te hononga Momo 1, e herea ana ki te mahi kotahi-wāhanga, i hangaia te hononga Momo 2 mai i te tīmatanga kia noho hei mea hanga-ā-ringa, kia ātete hoki ki ngā āhuatanga o muri mai. Ka taea e ia te tautoko i te tuku hiko AC kotahi-wāhanga, wāhanga-wehe, me te toru-wāhanga.

3.2 Te Tahora me te Mahi a te Whitu-Pin

E whitu ngā titi e whakamahia ana e te hononga Momo 2:

1. L1, L2, L3:E toru ngā kaiārahi ā-wāhanga motuhake, e āhei ai te tuku mana ā-wāhanga-toru.
2. N (Kūpapa):He arataki kūpapa motuhake, he mea nui mō ngā pūnaha wāhanga-toru ina kore pea e taurite te kawenga.
3. PE (Papatūānuku Tiaki):Te whenua haumaru.
4. CP (Pairata Whakahaere):Te rārangi tohu (he rite te mahi ki a J1772).
5. PP (Pairata Tata):Whakamahia hei kite i te aroaro o te mono, ā, i roto i te paerewa Momo 2, hei whakapāho i te kaha kawe iahiko o te taura mā te pūnaha kua whakakōwaea-ātete.

3.3 Te Whānuitanga me ngā Herenga Mana

He kaha ake te hononga Momo 2 i te Momo 1. I roto i te whirihoranga toru-wāhanga, ka taea e ia te tautoko i te 63 Amps mō ia wāhanga, e whakarato ana i te 43 kW o te mana AC (ahakoa ko te 22 kW te rohe mahi mō te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga toru-wāhanga tūmatanui me ngā whare noho). Ahakoa i roto i te aratau kotahi-wāhanga, ka taea e ia te rite ki te mahi a te Momo 1. Hei tāpiri, kua hangaia te tomokanga Momo 2 i runga i te waka kia hototahi ki te CCS2 (Pūnaha Utu Whakakotahi) mō te utu DC tere-teitei, me te tāpiri i ngā pine DC nui e rua i raro i te atanga AC.

4. Ngā Āhuatanga Hiko o te Wāhanga Mana: Te Whakatairite i te Whai Huatanga Wāhanga-Kotahi me te Tukunga Mana Wāhanga-Toru

Ko te rerekētanga hangarau matua i waenga i ngā pūnaha Momo 1 me Momo 2 kei roto i te āhua o tā rātou whakahaere i ngā wāhanga hiko. Ehara i te mea he kōwhiringa hononga noa iho tēnei engari he whakaata i te hanganga whatunga kei raro.

4.1 Ngā Herenga Wāhanga-Kotahi i te Momo 1

I roto i te pūnaha Momo 1, kua hangaia te rihi hiko o runga (OBC) o te waka kia whiwhi hiko mai i te pūtake AC kotahi. Hei whakanui ake i te tere o te utu, ko ngā taurangi anake ka taea te whakarite ko te ngaohiko (120V ki te 240V) me te iahiko (Amperage). Nā te mea ko ngā panera noho i te US e herea ana ki te 200A te ratonga katoa, me whakapai ake ngā hanganga o ngā ara iahiko EV motuhake i runga ake i te 50A. Ka tukuna hoki e te utu hiko kotahi-wāhanga-teitei he kawenga wera nui ki runga i ngā waea me ngā pine hononga.

4.2 Ngā Painga Wāhanga-Toru i te Momo 2

Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha Momo 2 ngā whatunga hiko-toru e whakamahia whānuitia ana i Ūropi me ētahi wāhanga o Āhia me Ōteania. Mā te tohatoha i te mana puta noa i ngā wāhanga e toru, ka taea e te pūnaha te tuku i te katoa o te wattage teitei ake i ngā amperages iti iho mō ia wāhanga. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te rihi 11 kW te 16A puta noa i ngā wāhanga e toru (3 x 230V x 16A ≈ 11 kW). Hei whakatutuki i te 11 kW ōrite i runga i te pūnaha Momo 1 wāhanga-kotahi, me tata te iahiko ki te 46A (240V x 46A ≈ 11 kW).

Ko te iti o te amperage mō ia wāhanga i roto i ngā pūnaha Momo 2 ka hua ake ēnei:

• Te Whakaiti i te Whakaputa Wera:He iti ake te wera ātete i roto i ngā taura me ngā hononga.
• Ngā Wāhanga Whakawhiti Taura Iti Ake:He mama ake, he ngāwari ake ngā taura mō te putanga mana ōrite.
• Te Pūmautanga o te Whatunga:Mā te utunga ā-wāhanga-toru ka taurite ake te kawenga ki te whatunga hiko, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kore taurite o te āhanga me ngā raruraru iahiko kūpapa i roto i te whakawhiti hiko tohatoha ā-rohe.

4.3 Te Whai Hua me te Huringa

Mai i te tirohanga hangarau, ka pāngia hoki te whai huatanga o te rihi hiko o roto. Ka ngāwari ake te whakatikatika i te AC toru-wāhanga ki te DC i te AC kotahi-wāhanga, me te iti ake o te tātari capacitive e hiahiatia ana kia tutuki ai he ngaohiko DC pumau mō te pākahiko. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te pai ake o te huringa i roto i ngā OBC toru-wāhanga ki te whakataurite ki ō rātou hoa kotahi-wāhanga.

(Te mutunga o te Poraka 1. Me haere tonu ki te poraka e whai ake nei kia tae atu ki te roa me te hohonu e hiahiatia ana.)

5. Te Pono o te Tohu me te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: Te Tātari Taipitopito o ngā Mahi CP (Pairata Whakahaere) me te PP (Pairata Tata)

Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te EVSE me te EV ka whakahaerehia e ngā raina tohu ngaohiko-iti motuhake e rua: ko te Control Pilot (CP) me te Proximity Pilot (PP). Ahakoa he rerekē ngā hononga ā-tinana, ko te kawa tohu matua mō te utu AC kua whakapūmautia i raro i te IEC 61851-1 me te SAE J1772.

5.1 Te Paerata Whakahaere (CP) me te Whakarerekētanga Whānui Pā (PWM)

Ko te tohu CP he ngaru tapawhā ±12V 1kHz i hangaia e te EVSE. Ko tēnei tohu te tohu matua mō te rūrū ringa me te tohu tūnga. Ko te raupapa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e tautuhia ana e ngā taumata ngaohiko motuhake me te huringa mahi o te tohu PWM.

• Āhua A (Tatari):Ka tukuna e te EVSE he +12V DC pumau. E tohu ana tēnei kei te whakamahia te hiko mō te rihi engari kāore he waka e hono ana.
• Āhua B (Waka Hononga):Ina whakauruhia te mono, ka hono te waka i tētahi ātete me tētahi diode i waenga i ngā aho CP me PE. Ka heke te ngaohiko mai i te +12V ki te +9V. Ka kitea tēnei hekenga e te EVSE, ā, ka tīmata te whakaputa i te tohu PWM 1kHz.
• Āhua C (Utu e tonoa ana):Ka tohu te waka i tōna rite ki te whiwhi hiko mā te kati i tētahi pana e whakatakoto ana i tētahi ātete iti iho i roto i te ara iahiko, ka heke iho te ngaohiko CP ki te +6V. I tēnei wā, ka kati te EVSE i ōna hononga ā-roto hei tuku hiko AC.
• Āhua D (Me whai hauhautanga):Mena me whai hauhautanga te waka (he onge tēnei i ngā EV hou engari he wāhanga nō te paerewa), ka heke te ngaohiko ki te +3V.
• Āhua E/F (Ngā Hapa):He tohu 0V, -12V rānei e tohu ana i tētahi hapa, pērā i te hapa whenua, i te ngaronga katoa rānei o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

TeHuringa Mahio te tohu PWM e tukuna ana e te EVSE ka whakaatu ki te waka te iahiko mōrahi ka taea e ia te kukume. Hei tauira:

• 10% Huringa Mahi = 6 Amps
• 25% Huringa Mahi = 15 Amps
• 50% Huringa Mahi = 30 Amps
• 80% Huringa Mahi = 48 Amps

Mā tēnei ka taea te whakahaere kawenga hihiri; ki te piki ake te whakapaunga hiko o te whare, ka taea e te EVSE te whakaiti i te huringa mahi hei ārai i te hinganga o te kaiwawao matua.

5.2 Te Paerata Whakatata (PP) me te Raka Ā-Mīhini

Mā te tohu PP ka kore e taea e te waka te taraiwa atu i te wā e mono ana te taura, ā, ka āwhina hoki i te pūnaha ki te whakatau i te kaha kawe iahiko o te taura.

• I roto i te Momo 1 (J1772):Ka honoa te aho PP (e kiia ana ko te pine CS) ki tētahi pana i roto i te kakau mono. Ina pēhia e te kaiwhakamahi te pātene tuku, ka pakaru te ara iahiko. Ka rongo tonu te waka i tēnei, ā, ka mutu te kukume i te iahiko i mua i te momotu o ngā pine hiko matua, ka ārai i te aukume hiko.
• I roto i te Momo 2 (IEC 62196):Ka whakamahia te aho PP hei tautuhi i te momo taura. Kua whakauruhia he ātete ki ngā taura i waenganui i ngā pine PP me te PE. Ka rerekē te ātete o te taura 11 kW (16A) i te taura 22 kW (32A). Ka whakamahia e te EVSE me te waka tēnei ātete hei whakarite kia kore e hipa i ngā rohe wera o te taura, ahakoa ka taea e te waka te whakamahi i te mana teitei ake.

6. Te Hoahoa Mīhini me te Haumaru: Ngā Tikanga Maukati, Ngā Whakatauranga IP, me te Pakaritanga Tinana

He kino te taiao ā-tinana mō te utunga EV—e pāngia ana e te ua, te hukarere, te puehu, me ngā pāmahana tino kino. Nō reira, he tino hangarau te hoahoa ā-pūkaha o ngā hononga Momo 1 me te Momo 2.

6.1 Ngā Tikanga Maukati: Ā-ringa, ā-Hiko rānei

Ko tētahi rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā paerewa e rua ko te āhua o te whakamau i te mono ki te waka.

• Momo 1 Whakamau ā-ringa:Kei te mono Momo 1 he raka miihini e nekehia ana e te koromatua. He māmā noa iho, he pono hoki tēnei engari kāore i te haumaru; ka taea e te tangata te haere atu ki te momotu i te motuka utu mēnā kāore te kaiwhakamahi e tāpiri i tētahi raka motuhake ki te kakau.
• Momo 2 Maukati Hiko:Ko te paerewa Momo 2 e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi pine maukati motuka i roto i te tomokanga o te waka. Ina tīmata te utu, ka maukati aunoa te waka i te mono ki tōna tūranga. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te tahae o te taura (mō ngā rihi kore here e kitea ana i Ūropi) ā, ka whakarite kia kore e taea te tango i te mono i te wā e rere ana te iahiko ora.

6.2 Te Tiakitanga o te Tomokanga (IP) me te Hiritanga Taiao

Kua hangaia ngā hononga e rua kia tutuki ai ngā whakatauranga IP teitei (ko te tikanga he IP54, neke atu rānei ina honoa).

• Ngā awa waikeri:He pū kōhao wai motuhake kei ngā hononga Momo 2 hei ārai i te wai kei pupū huri noa i ngā pine.
• Pūtaiao Rauemi:He mea hanga ngā whare mai i ngā pūmua ātete-UV, pērā i te PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate) hei ātete ki ngā maturuturunga ki runga i te raima me te pānga ki te rā kaha.
• Whakapā Whakatakotoranga:Ko te tikanga he hiriwa te whakakikorua o ngā pine kia iti ai te ātete ki te pa atu, kia roa ai hoki te mau mō ngā mano tini o ngā huringa moepuku.

6.3 Whakahaere Wera

He maha ngā wā kei roto i ngā rihi AC mana-teitei o ēnei rā ngā whakamahana (ngā pūoko NTC) kua whakauruhia ki roto i te mono. Ka aroturukihia e ēnei pūoko te pāmahana o ngā pine i te wā tonu. Mena ka nui ake te pāmahana i te paepae haumaru (hei tauira, nā te hononga ngoikore, nā te paru rānei i roto i te tomokanga), ka tohu te EVSE ki te waka kia whakaitihia te iahiko utu, kia whakawetohia rānei kia kore ai e puta he ahi.

7. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Whatunga Ao: Ngā Whatunga TN, TT, me te IT me ō rātou Pānga ki te Tāutanga EVSE

He nui te awe o ngā pūnaha whenua (whakawhenua) e whakamahia ana i ngā rohe rerekē ki te hoahoa me te tāutanga o te EVSE. Me kite te EVSE i te aroaro o tētahi whenua haumaru i mua i te tīmatanga o te utu.

7.1 Ngā Pūnaha TN (Whenua-Kūpapa)

He mea noa te pūnaha TN i Amerika Te Raki (TN-CS) me te UK. I roto i tēnei whakatakotoranga, ka herea te pūnaha kūpapa me te whenua ki te tomokanga ratonga. Ahakoa he ara pono tēnei mō ngā ia hapa, he mōrearea kei roto i te wā ka puta he hapa "Open PEN" (Protective Earth Neutral). Mena ka whati te waea kūpapa mai i te whatunga hiko, ka taea te whakakaha i te anga EV i te ngaohiko raina. Nā tēnei i hua ake ai te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu "Open PEN detection" motuhake i roto i ngā rihi UK-spec.

7.2 Ngā Pūnaha TT (Terra-Terra)

He mea noa i ngā wāhanga o Ūropi Matua (pērā i a Wīwī me Itari) me Hapani, ka whakamahia e te pūnaha TT he tokotoko whenua ā-rohe kāore i te hono ki te hiko korekore o te whatunga hiko. Me tino aro te EVSE kua tāutahia ki ngā whatunga TT ki te aukati whenua. Mena kāore i te hohonu te tokotoko whenua, he maroke rawa rānei te oneone, ka kore pea te rihi e tīmata nā te mea kāore e taea te manatoko i te ara ātete iti ki te whenua.

7.3 Ngā Pūnaha Hangarau Mōhiohio (Isolé-Terra)

Kei Nōwei me ētahi taiao ahumahi, kāore he hononga tika o te pūnaha hangarau mōhiohio i waenga i te hau kūpapa/ngā āhua me te whenua. He wero ahurei tēnei mō ngā EV, nā te mea he maha ngā rihi kei runga i te waka kua hangaia kia tumanakohia he haukūpapa whenua. He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he whakawhiti motuhake hei utu haumaru i ngā EV i runga i ngā whatunga hangarau mōhiohio.

7.4 Ngā Rerekētanga o te Auautanga me te Ngaohiko o te Whatunga

Ahakoa te nuinga o te wā e wehewehea ana te Momo 1 me te Momo 2 e tō rāua tautoko ā-wāhanga, ko te auau whatunga matua (60Hz i te US/Hapani vs. 50Hz i te nuinga o te ao) ka pā anō hoki ki te hoahoa o ngā inductors me ngā capacitors i roto i te rihi o runga o te waka. Heoi, he whānui te whānuitanga o te nuinga o ngā OBC hou, ka taea te whakahaere i te 100V-250V me te 50/60Hz.

8. Ngā Herenga Hiko o te Whare Noho: Me pēhea te whakawhāiti a ngā Ture Whatunga ā-Motu me ngā Paewhiri Tohatoha Kāinga i ngā Tere Utu EV

Kāore i te tino taea te whakatutuki i ngā tere utu ā-arotake (pēnei i te 22 kW mō te Momo 2, 19.2 kW rānei mō te Momo 1) i roto i ngā wāhi noho nā ngā herenga o te whatunga hiko ā-rohe me te papa hiko o te kāinga.

8.1 Amerika Te Raki: Te Herenga o te Paewhiri 200A

I te Hononga o Amerika, he papa ratonga 200A tō tētahi whare hou noa. Me whai pūwāhi 60A te utunga Taumata 2 e kukume ana i te 48A. E ai ki te National Electrical Code (NEC), kaua te kawenga tonu (pērā i te utunga EV) e neke ake i te 80% o te whakatauranga pūwāhi o te ara iahiko. Mō ngā whare he papa tawhito 100A, kāore e taea te tāuta i tētahi EVSE mana-teitei me te kore he whakapai ake i te ratonga, ka taea te utu i ngā mano tāra. Nā tēnei i rongonui ai ngā utunga 32A (7.7 kW), e whakataurite ana i te tere utu me te kaha o te papa.

8.2 Te Hononga o Peretānia: Te Mana Kotahi-Wāhanga me te PEN Tuwhera

Ahakoa he toru-wāhanga te whatunga hiko o te UK i te taumata tohatoha, he kotahi te wāhanga 230V, 60A, 100A rānei e tukuna ana ki te nuinga o ngā kāinga. E whakawhāiti ana tēnei i te utunga kāinga ki te 7.4 kW. Nā te whenua TN-CS i whakahuatia ake nei, e hiahiatia ana e ngā ture o te UK kia whai parenga utu nui ngā rihi hiko mai i ngā hapa tuwhera kore, ā, ka uaua ake te hangarau o ngā EVSE motuhake ki te UK i ō rātou hoa Pākehā.

8.3 Tiamana me Ūropi ki te Raki: Te Paerewa 11 kW

I Tiamana, he paerewa te hiko toru-wāhanga i roto i te nuinga o ngā whare noho. Mā tēnei ka taea te tāuta whānuitia o ngā pouaka pakitara 11 kW (3 x 16A). Kāore i rite ki te US, e hiahiatia ana he ara iahiko kotahi-wāhanga 60A taumaha mō te 11 kW, i Tiamana, he ara iahiko toru-wāhanga 16A anake e hiahiatia ana, e whakamahi ana i ngā waea angiangi ake, ā, he ngāwari te whakauru atu ki ngā panera tohatoha o nāianei. He maha ngā kamupene ratonga Tiamana e hiahia ana kia whakamōhiotia, kia whakaaetia rānei ngā rihi neke atu i te 11 kW (pērā i ngā waeine 22 kW) kia mau tonu ai te pumau o te whatunga ā-rohe.

8.4 Ahitereiria me Aotearoa: Ngaohiko Teitei, Wāhanga Kotahi

E whakamahi ana a Ahitereiria i tētahi pūnaha 230V/240V, he rite ki te UK. Ko te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga kāinga he 7.4 kW te kaha kotahi-wāhanga. Heoi, nā te tawhiti me te āhua tuawhenua o te whatunga hiko, he mea noa te piki me te heke o te ngaohiko. Me whai parenga kaha te EVSE i ēnei rohe ki te nui o te ngaohiko me te iti o te ngaohiko hei whakahaere i ngā "paunga" me ngā ngaru hiko me te kore e pakaru te waka.

(Te mutunga o te Poraka 2. Me haere tonu ki te poraka e whai ake nei kia tae atu ki te roa me te hohonu e hiahiatia ana.)

9. Te Tiakitanga Porowhita Whānui: Te Whakatinana i ngā RCD Momo A/B, te Kitenga Tūtaki DC, me te Tiakitanga Auaha Nui i roto i te Utu AC

Ko te haumaru te tūāpapa o te hoahoa EVSE. Ko te utu i tētahi EV ko te tuku i te nui o te pūngao mō ngā wā roa, i ngā wā makuku. Nō reira, me tino matatau ake ngā ara iahiko tiaki i ērā o tētahi taputapu whare noa.

9.1 Ngā Pūrere Auaha Toenga (RCD): Momo A me te Momo B

Kua hangaia he RCD hei kite i te kore taurite i waenga i te ia e rere ana i roto i te raina me ngā waea kūpapa, e tohu ana i te turuturu ki te whenua (he "hapa whenua"). I roto i te utunga EV, he mōrearea motuhake:Iahiko Toenga DC.

• Ngā RCD Momo A:He mea noa ēnei i roto i ngā panera whare noho, ā, ka taea te kite i ngā iahiko AC me ngā iahiko DC e pupuhi ana. Heoi, ka taea te "matapo" i a rātou e te turuturu DC maeneene. Mena ka puta he hapa i roto i te rihi o runga o te EV ka nui ake i te 6mA o te DC maeneene ka turuturu ki te taha AC, ka taea e te matua o roto o te whakawhiti hiko Momo A te whakakī, ka ārai i a ia kei pakaru ahakoa he hapa AC morearea.
• Ngā RCD Momo B:Kua hangaia ēnei hei kite i ngā iahiko AC, ngā iahiko DC e pupuhi ana, me ngā iahiko toenga DC maeneene. Ahakoa he pai ake te tiakitanga, he nui ake te utu.
• RDC-DD (Pūrere Kimi Auaha Tika Toenga):Hei whakaiti i ngā utu me te pupuri i te haumaru, he maha ngā EVSE hou e whakauru ana i tētahi kōwae RDC-DD (e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga a te IEC 62955). Ka kitea e tēnei kōwae te turuturu DC maeneene i runga ake i te 6mA, ā, ka whakawetohia te rihi hiko. Ina he RDC-DD, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi RCD Momo A paerewa (he iti ake te utu) i roto i te papa tohatoha o runga.

9.2 Te Parenga o te Aukaha me te Arataki Poto

Me tiaki ia ara iahiko EVSE e te Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB). Nā te mea he kawenga tonu te utu EV, me tango te MCB. I te US (NEC), me whai pakaru 50A te kawenga utu 40A. I Ūropi, ko te kōwhiringa o te MCB (Momo B, C, D rānei) ka whakawhirinaki ki te ia e tumanakohia ana o te rihi o runga o te waka. Ko te tikanga he pai ake te pakaru pihi "C" hei karo i te hinganga i te wā tuatahi o te hononga.

9.3 Te Parenga Ngaru (SPD)

He maha ngā wā ka tāutahia ngā EVSE ki waho, ā, ka honoa ki tētahi mea whakarewa nui (te motuka), ka noho ngoikore ki ngā whiunga uira ā-korekore me ngā ngaru whatunga. He tino taunakihia te tāutanga o tētahi Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru Momo 2 (SPD) (ā, i ētahi rohe, pērā i Tiamana, me mātua tāuta) hei tiaki i ngā hiko tairongo o te rihi me te waka.

9.4 Ngā Whakawhiti me te Wehenga Galvanic

Ko te ngako o te tuku hiko a te EVSE ko teKaiwhakapāHe hononga mahi-taumaha tēnei e hono ana, e momotu rānei i ngā titi hiko AC. Hei haumaru, me "tuwhera noa" te hononga, arā, ka tukuna te hiko ina tohu te tohu CP i te "Āhua C" (Kua Rite ki te Utu). Ka whakamahia e ngā EVSE kounga teitei ngā hononga pou-whā mō ngā pūnaha wāhanga-toru hei whakarite kia wehea ngā wāhanga katoa me te kore e whakamahia. Kei roto hoki i ētahi waeine matatau te "Kitenga Whakapā Whakapiri," e aroturuki ana i te tūnga o te hononga; ki te honoa ngā hononga (kia kore ai e motu te hiko), ka whakaoho te EVSE i tētahi whakaoho taputapu ka noho tonu ki te āhua hapa.

10. Te Utu Atamai me te ISO 15118: Te Neke Atu i te PWM ki te Whakawhitiwhiti Mamati me te Mono & Utu

Ahakoa he rawaka te tohu CP/PP taketake mō te utunga AC māmā, ko te heke mai o te pūnaha EV e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga mamati whai kiko. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi mai ai te paerewa ISO 15118.

10.1 Ngā Here o te PWM

Ko te tohu PWM paerewa anake e whakaatu ana i te iahiko mōrahi e wātea ana. Kāore e whakaatu ana ki te EVSE te āhua o te utu (SoC) o te waka, tōna kaha pākahiko, tōna tohu ahurei rānei. Ki te kore ēnei mōhiohio, he uaua ki te whakatinana i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te utu aunoa, te utu e mōhio ana ki te whatunga, me te whakawhiti hiko e rua ngā taha.

10.2 Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero PHY me te PLC HomePlug Green

Ka whakaurua mai e te ISO 15118Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Raina Hiko (PLC)mā runga i te waea Control Pilot (CP). Mā te whakakikorua i tētahi tohu matihiko auau-teitei (HomePlug Green PHY) ki runga i te tohu CP 1kHz, ka taea e te waka me te EVSE te whakatū hononga TCP/IP. Mā tēnei ka taea:

• Mono & Utu:Ka tautuhi aunoa te waka i a ia anō ki te rihi. Ka kōrero te rihi ki tētahi tūmau o muri hei whakamana i te wā me te whakahaere i te utu me te kore e hiahiatia he kāri RFID, he taupānga pūkoro rānei.
• Whakaurunga Mātiti Atamai:Ka taea e te EV te whakamōhio i te wā wehenga kua whakaritea me ngā hiahia hiko. Kātahi ka taea e te whatunga hiko (he Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūngao Kāinga rānei – HEMS) te whakarite i te utu mō te wā e iti rawa ana ngā utu hiko, e teitei rawa ana rānei te whakaputanga pūngao whakahou.

10.3 Te Anamata o te Utu Ahu-rua (V2G, V2H, V2X)

Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino whakahihiri o te ISO 15118 (ina koa ko te whakahoutanga -20) ko te tautoko mō te utu hiko AC rua-aronga. Ahakoa te nuinga o ngā whakatinanatanga Waka-ki-Whatunga (V2G) e whakamahi ana i te DC (mā CHAdeMO, CCS rānei), mā te utu hiko AC rua-aronga ka taea e te waka te whakamahi i tana ake utu hiko i runga i te waka hei kaitahuri hei pana i te hiko ki te kāinga, ki te whatunga rānei. Me mahi te EVSE hei kaitiaki tatau matatau, kia tino rite te hiko e tukuna ana ki te whatunga ki te āhua me te auau o te whatunga.

11. Tātaritanga Paerewa ā-Rohe: GB/T (Haina) vs. Momo 2

Ahakoa e kapi ana te Momo 1 me te Momo 2 i te nuinga o te ao, e whakamahi ana a Haina—te mākete EV nui rawa atu o te ao—i tana ake paerewa:GB/T 20234.

11.1 Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana ki te Momo 2

He rite tonu te āhua o te hononga AC GB/T ki te hononga Momo 2. E whitu ngā titi o roto. Heoi, he rerekē ngā ira tangata: kei te mono ngā titi (tāne), ā, kei te motuka ngā tūhono (uwha), he rerekē tēnei i te paerewa Momo 2.

11.2 Ngā Rerekētanga Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero

Ko te tohu i roto i te GB/T AC e hangai ana hoki ki te kaupapa PWM kotahi me te Momo 1 me te Momo 2. Heoi, he rerekē paku ngā uara ātete mō ngā rūrū ringa PP me te CP. Ko te tikanga tēnei, kāore e taea e te motuka Momo 2 o Ūropi te whakamahi i te rihi GB/T Hainamana (me te huri rānei) me te kore he urutau motuhake e kore e huri noa i ngā pine tinana engari kei roto hoki he ara iahiko hurihanga tohu.

11.3 Pānga ki te Mākete

Ko te rerekētanga o te paerewa GB/T e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-rohe me te ā-ōhanga e awe ana i te paerewa hangarau. Mā te waihanga i tana ake paerewa, i whakarite a Haina kei a ana kaihanga ā-rohe he pūnaha tiaki i a rātou anō, me te whakamahi tonu i ngā akoranga hangarau i akohia mai i ngā paerewa IEC.

12. Whakamātautau, Tiwhikete, me te Whakapūmau Kounga: UL, CE, me tua atu

I mua i te hokonga atu o tētahi EVSE, me whakamātau pakari kia kore ai e pāngia te kaiwhakamahi e te hiko, e kore hoki e mura he ahi.

12.1 UL 2594 me UL 2231 (Amerika ki te Raki)

I Amerika Te Raki, ka tautuhia e Underwriters Laboratories (UL) ngā paerewa mō te EVSE. E kapi ana te UL 2594 i te hanganga taketake me te haumaru o te teihana utu, ko te UL 2231 ia e arotahi ana ki ngā pūnaha tiaki tangata (te mahi RCD/GFCI). Ko tētahi whakaritenga matua mō te tiwhikete UL ko te "Ātete Pānga"—me kaha te utu ki te tu atu i te pānga o tētahi mea taumaha me te kore e whakaatu i ngā wāhanga ora.

12.2 CE me te IEC 61851 (Ūropi/Ao Whānui)

I Ūropi, ko te tohu CE e tohu ana i te tutuki i ngā Ture Whakatakotoranga Ngaohiko Iti me te Ture Whakatakotoranga EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility). Ko te paerewa hangarau matua koIEC 61851Kei roto i ngā whakamātautau:

• Kaha Whakakore Hiko:Me whakarite kia taea e te whakamarumaru te tu atu i ngā pikinga ngaohiko teitei.
• Te Pikinga o te Pāmahana:Te whakahaere i te rihi i te iahiko mōrahi mō ngā hāora kia kore ai e wera rawa.
• Te Manawanui ki te Taiao:Ngā whakamātautau rehu tote mō ngā takutai moana me ngā whakamātautau urunga puehu mō ngā rohe maroke.

12.3 Te Hiranga o te Whakamātautau Taunekeneke

Haunga te haumaru, kei reira anō te wero oTe Mahi NgātahiKāore e pai te mahi a ngā waka katoa me ngā rihi katoa. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā rōpū pēnei i a CharIN (te Charging Interface Initiative) ngā "Testivals" e kawe mai ai ngā kaihanga i ā rātou waka me ngā rihi hei manatoko kei te pai te mahi a ngā rūrū ringa me ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero puta noa i ngā waitohu rerekē.

(Te mutunga o te Poraka 3. Kei te haere tonu te whakawhānui ake i ngā taipitopito hangarau mō ngā mono atamai me te whakapūmautanga ā muri ake nei.)

13. Te Wehenga o ngā Wāhanga Matatau: Te Hangarau ā-Roto o tētahi Pouaka Pakitara Hou

Hei mārama ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā pūnaha Momo 1 me Momo 2 i te taumata whānui, me titiro te tangata ki roto i te "pouaka pakitara". Ehara te EVSE i te taura toronga whakakororiatia noa iho; he rorohiko whakahaere hiko matatau.

13.1 Te Kaiwhakahaere Matua (MCU)

Ko te roro o te EVSE he pūmana iti 32-moka (pērā i te raupapa ARM Cortex-M). Ka whakahaerehia e tēnei maramara te whakaputa tohu CP 1kHz, ka aroturuki i te ātete PP, ka whakahaere hoki i te arorau haumaru. I roto i ngā rihi atamai, ka whakahaerehia hoki e tēnei MCU te puranga Wi-Fi, Ethernet rānei, ā, ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te taupānga pūkoro a te kaiwhakamahi mā roto i ngā kawa MQTT, HTTP rānei.

13.2 Te Pūrongo Au: Pānga Hall vs. Shunt

Hei aroturuki i te kaha e tukuna ana me te kite i ngā āhuatanga o te iahiko nui rawa, ka whakamahia e te EVSE ngā pūoko iahiko.

• Ngā Pūoko Pānga Hōro:Ka ine ēnei i te papa aukume e whakaputaina ana e te iahiko. Ka whakaratohia e rātou he wehenga aukume, ā, he tino pai mō ngā tono iahiko teitei.
• Ngā Ātete Hurihuri:Ka ine ēnei i te hekenga ngaohiko puta noa i tētahi ātete e mōhiotia ana. Ahakoa he tino tika, me whai ara iahiko wehewehe uaua ake.

I roto i ngā rihi Momo 2 e toru-wāhanga, me aroturuki e te MCU ngā ara iahiko motuhake e toru i te wā kotahi hei whakarite i te taurite o te wāhanga, me te kite mēnā kua rahua tetahi wāhanga.

13.3 Pūnaha Hiko Āwhina

Ko ngā hikohiko ā-roto (MCU, waeine Wi-Fi, whakaaturanga, me ngā koiri whakapā) me whakamahi i tētahi pūtake hiko DC ngaohiko iti (te nuinga he 12V, he 5V rānei). I roto i tētahi pūnaha toru-wāhanga Momo 2, he maha ngā wā ka hangaia te pūtake hiko āwhina kia mahi ahakoa kotahi noa te wāhanga kei reira, kia taea ai e te rihi te noho "ipurangi" me te ripoata i tētahi hapa ngaronga wāhanga ki te kaiwhakamahi.

14. Ngā Mono Atamai me te Hononga Paerewa: Te Anamata o te Utu Kawe

Ahakoa ko ngā pouaka pakitara pumau te paerewa koura, he maha ngā kaipupuri EV e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rihi kawe (e kiia ana ko "granny cables" "IC-CPD" rānei - Ngā Pūrere Whakahaere me te Tiaki i roto i ngā Taura).

14.1 Ngā Mōrearea Hangarau o ngā Mono ā-Whare

He uaua te utu i tētahi EV mai i tētahi pūtukatuka whare noa (NEMA 5-15 i te US, Schuko rānei i Ūropi). Kāore i hangaia ēnei pūtukatuka hei tuku i te 10-16 Amps tonu mō ngā hāora 12.

• Te Rerenga Wera:I roto i te wā, ka ngoikore te kukū o ngā hononga whakarewa o te putanga, ka hua ake he ātete nui me te wera nui.
• Ngā Mono Atamai hei Whakaora:Kei roto i ngā rihi kawe kounga teitei ngā pūoko pāmahana kua hangaia tika ki roto i te mono pakitara o te whare. Mēnā ka tīmata te wera rawa o te mono, ka tohu te IC-CPD ki te motuka kia whakaitihia te kukume iahiko, kia kore ai e rewa te putanga hiko.

14.2 Te Pūrere Utu Kawe "Ao Whānui"

I roto i te pūnaha Momo 2, he momo hou te rihi kawe ā-pūrere (pēnei i te Juice Booster, i te Tesla Mobile Connector rānei). Ka whakamahia e ēnei taputapu he raupapa o ngā urutau whakawhiti. Ka mōhio te taputapu ko tēhea urutau e piri ana (mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha ātete-waehere rite ki te pine PP) ā, ka whakatakoto aunoa i te iahiko utu mōrahi. Ka whakaratohia he otinga utu "ao" e mahi ana puta noa i ngā whenua rerekē me ngā momo pūtu me te pupuri tonu i te haumaru o tētahi pouaka pakitara pumau.

15. Te Whakawhiti o Amerika Te Raki: Mai i te Momo 1 (J1772) ki te NACS (SAE J3400)

Kei te puta he panoni nui i te mākete o Amerika Te Raki e uaua ai te whakataurite i te Momo 1 me te Momo 2: ko te tango i te Paerewa Utu o Amerika Te Raki (NACS), i tīmatahia e Tesla, ā, inaianei kua whakapūmautia ko SAE J3400.

15.1 Tirohanga Hangarau o te NACS

He rerekē tēnei i te Momo 1 me te Momo 2, he rerekē ngā pine mō te utu hiko AC me te DC, ka whakamahia e te hononga NACS ngā pine matua e rua mō ngā mea e rua. He hoahoa huatau, kiato hoki e taea ai te whakahaere i te AC kotahi-wāhanga me te DC tere-teitei.

15.2 Te Huinga o ngā Tikanga

He mea nui, ahakoa he rerekē te hononga NACS ā-tinana, ka whakamahia e ia tengā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ōritepērā i ngā paerewa kua kōrerohia e tātou. Mō te utu hiko AC, ka whakamahia te tohu J1772 PWM. Mō te utu hiko DC, ka whakamahia te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ISO 15118 PLC. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, mā te urutau ngāwari noa iho, ka taea e te motuka Momo 1 te utu i te teihana AC NACS, me te ritenga kē. E whakaatu ana tēnei whakawhiti i te nekehanga ki te kiato ā-tinana me te kore e whakakore i te arorau tohu paerewa e whakarite ana i te mahi tahi ā-ao.

16. Te Pānga o te Āhuatanga o te Rīhi Whakamahi (OBC) ki te Mahi Whakamahinga AC

Ko te hononga me te pouaka pakitara he haurua noa iho o te kōrero. Ko te Onboard Charger (OBC) o te waka te mea e whakatau ana i te tere o te utu.

16.1 OBC Wāhanga-Kotahi vs. OBC Wāhanga-Toru

He maha ngā EV taumata-whakauru (me ngā momo ranu mono-mai) he OBC kotahi-wāhanga anake, ahakoa i roto i ngā mākete Momo 2. Mēnā ka monohia he motuka me te OBC kotahi-wāhanga 7 kW ki roto i tētahi rihi Momo 2 toru-wāhanga 22 kW, ka 7 kW anake te hiko e tangohia mai i tētahi o ngā wāhanga e toru e wātea ana. He mea whakapoauau noa tēnei mō ngā kaihoko.

16.2 Ngā Hoahoa OBC Whakarāpopoto

Ka whakamahia e ētahi kaihanga (pērā i a Tesla me Renault) ngā OBC modular. I roto i te mākete Momo 2, tera pea e toru ngā waeine utu 3.7 kW ōrite o te motuka. Ina honoa ki te mana toru-wāhanga, ka taea e ia waeine te whakahaere i te kotahi wāhanga, ka eke ki te 11 kW te tapeke. Ina honoa ki te rihi Momo 1 kotahi-wāhanga (i te US), ka taea e te motuka te whakarara i ēnei waeine ki te kukume tae atu ki te 11 kW mai i te wāhanga kotahi te amperage teitei. He mahi toi tēnei momoine o te hangarau hiko mana, e taea ai te hoko i te papa waka kotahi puta noa i te ao me te iti o ngā huringa ki tōna hoahoa ngaohiko teitei.

17. Te Tūranga o te Pūmanawa: OCPP me te Whakahaere Utaina e Hangai ana ki te Kapua

I a tātou e anga whakamua ana ki ngā mano tini o ngā rihi e hono ana ki te whatunga kotahi, ka rite te hiranga o te pūmanawa ki te parahi me te silicon.

17.1 Kawa Pūwāhi Utu Tuwhera (OCPP)

Ko te OCPP te reo paerewa ā-umanga e whakamahia ana i waenga i te EVSE me te pūnaha whakahaere matua (CMS). Ka taea e ia te:

• Tātaritanga Mamao:Ka taea e te tohunga hangarau te whakaara anō i te rihi hiko, te whakahou rānei i tana pūmanawa mai i ngā mano maero te tawhiti.
• Taurite Utaina Hihiri:I roto i tētahi whare noho me ngā rihi hiko e 20 engari he 100A anake te pūtake, ka taea e te CMS te whakamahi i te OCPP ki te whakaatu ki ia rihi hiko te nui o te iahiko ka taea e ia te whakarato i te wā tonu, kia kore ai te whati hiko matua o te whare e motu, me te whakanui ake i te katoa o te pūngao e tukuna ana ki ngā waka katoa.

17.2 Te Wheako Kaiwhakamahi (UX) me te "Ōhanga Taupānga"

Ki te kaihoko, ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te Momo 1 me te Momo 2 ka ngaro i muri i te taupānga waea atamai. Heoi, ko te pakari hangarau o te hononga—te tere o te otinga o te rūrū a te CP, te pono o te hononga anō o te Wi-Fi i muri i te motuhanga hiko—koinei tonu te tūāpapa o te wheako pai a te kaiwhakamahi.

18. Whakamutunga: Te Whakatere i ngā Uauatanga o te Ao Utu Hiko Ranu

Ehara i te mea ko te maha o ngā pine, ko te āhua rānei o te kirihou anake te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā rihi hiko Momo 1 me Momo 2. He whakaata tēnei i ngā rapunga whakaaro e rua mō ngā hanganga hiko.

• Momo 1 (J1772)He otinga pakari, he au-teitei kua arotauhia mō te whatunga wehewehe-wāhanga kotahi-wāhanga 120V/240V e kaha ana ki Amerika Te Raki me Hapani. Ko tōna hoahoa e rima-pine—e rua te mana, kotahi te whenua, e rua ngā tohu—he mea hanga kia māmā noa iho, e tuku ana i te utu Taumata 2 pono tae atu ki te 80A (19.2kW) i runga i te ara iahiko 240V. I hangaia mō tētahi ao e mahi ana te nuinga o te utu i te kāinga, i te mahi rānei, mō ngā hāora, ā, ko te ngāwari me te utu te kaha o te mahi hangarau.
• Momo 2 (IEC 62196-2)He tūāpapa e whitu-pine i hangaia mō te whatunga hiko 400V toru-wāhanga o Ūropi me te nuinga o Āhia. E rua ngā pine tohu e mau ana, engari he pine hiko toru-wāhanga anō hoki, e āhei ai te utu AC tae atu ki te 43kW (22kW rānei i te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga o te ao tūturu) me te tautoko i ngā mātotoru hiko teitei ake e hiahiatia ana e ngā hanganga noho me ngā hanganga arumoni o Ūropi. Ka horapa atu hoki tōna whānuitanga ki te DC: ko te whānau hononga Momo 2 te poutokomanawa o te urunga whakakotahi CCS2, ko te hoahoa J1772 o te Momo 1 i whānau mai ai te CCS1.
• Ko te Whakamutunga:Kāore tētahi o ngā paerewa i te "pai ake" i te tikanga tino tika—he urupare hangarau pono ia ki tana whatunga kāinga. Ko te Momo 1 te kōwhiringa ōhanga, pakari mō ngā rohe kotahi-wāhanga; Ko te Momo 2 te tūāpapa kaha-teitei, ngāwari-ā-muri mō ngā rohe toru-wāhanga. Ehara i te hononga te wāhi rahunga engari ko te taputapu e kore e urutau: ko ngā rihi me ngā EV e tautoko ana i te paerewa kotahi anake ka aukati i ō rātou rangatira mai i te whatunga haereere o te ao e tipu haere ana.

Te Ara Whakamua

Mō ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakahaere, ko te whakautu whai hua ko ngā taputapu maha-paerewa. Mā ngā rihi DC paerewa-rua (CCS1 + CCS2, CCS + CHAdeMO, me te piki haere o te NACS) ka taea e tētahi hua te mahi ki ia rohe, ko ngā pūnaha urutau ia ka whakawhānui i ngā waka tawhito. Mō ngā kaihoko, he māmā ake te akoranga: whiriwhiria ngā waka me ngā rihi e tautoko ana i ngā paerewa o ngā whatunga ka whakamahia e koe—me te tumanako ka iti ake te uaua o te hototahitanga i ia tau e haere ana.

He Tuhipoka mō te Tiwhikete Haumaru

Kei muri i te āhua o te mono he paparanga hangarau kāore e kitea e ngā kaihoko engari me whakaute e ngā kaiwhakauru katoa: te tiwhikete. Kei te mau ngā taputapu Momo 1 i ngā rārangi UL 2594 / UL 2594-1 me te CSA i Amerika Te Raki, ko ngā taputapu Momo 2 me tutuki i te IEC 61851-1, ā, mō ngā whakaurunga arumoni, me tutuki i te tiwhikete wāhanga IEC 62196-2 i Ūropi. Ko te tohu CE, te UKCA, me te tutuki haere o ngā ture waehere whatunga ā-rohe (hei tauira, VDE-AR-N 4100 i Tiamana) e whakatau ana mēnā ka taea te hono ture i tētahi rihi ki te whatunga. Me tono ngā kaiwhakahaere e rapu ana i ngā taputapu mō ngā rohe maha i ngā tiwhikete e ōrite ana ki ia mana whakaurunga—he whakaritenga e tautoko ana i ngā kaihanga e whakamātautau ana, e whakamana ana i ia momo rohe, kaua ki te tāpiri tohu anō ki tētahi hoahoa kotahi.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ko te Momo 1 (J1772) e whakaata ana i ngā hanganga kotahi-wāhanga o Amerika Te Raki; ko te Momo 2 (IEC 62196-2) e whakaata ana i ngā hanganga e toru-wāhanga o Ūropi.
• E whakawhirinaki ana ngā hoahoa Momo 1 e rima-pine me te Momo 2 e whitu-pine ki te arorau tohu CP/PP kotahi, nō reira ka tohaina te "reo" hiko ahakoa he rerekē te āhuahanga.
• Mā te āheinga toru-wāhanga o te Momo 2 ka taea te whakanui ake i te mana AC, ko te māmā o te Momo 1 ka noho iti te utu me te uaua.
• Mā te whakahaere whatunga e hangai ana ki te OCPP me ngā taputapu maha-paerewa ka taea te whakahaere i te ao utu ranu mā ngā kaiwhakahaere, ā, he maeneene hoki mā ngā taraiwa.

Whakapā atu ki a MIDA Power e hanga ana i ngā rihi hiko mō te ao ranu: ngā pūnaha AC me DC, ngā kōwhiringa hononga CCS1/CCS2/CHAdeMO/NACS, me ngā pūmanawa whatunga e tutuki ana i te OCPP e whakahaere ana i ngā paerewa katoa mai i te papaaho kotahi. Whakapā atu ki tā mātou tīma mō ngā aratohu hototahi, ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau, me te whakatau utu e hāngai ana ki te hanganga o tō rohe.