Kuyini Ukushaja Okuqondiswayo?

Ngama-EV amaningi, ugesi uhamba ngendlela eyodwa - kusukela kushaja, i-outlet yodonga noma omunye umthombo wamandla uye ebhethri. Kunezindleko ezisobala kumsebenzisi ngogesi futhi, njengoba ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezingaphezu kwengxenye kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngama-EV ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi, umthwalo okhulayo kumagridi kagesi asevele ekhokhiswe ngokweqile.

Ukushaja okuqondiswayo kukuvumela ukuthi uhambise amandla ngenye indlela, kusukela ebhethrini kuya kwenye into engeyona idrayivu yemoto. Ngesikhathi sokucima, i-EV exhunywe kahle ingathumela ugesi endlini noma ebhizinisini futhi igcine ugesi uvuliwe izinsuku eziningana, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-vehicle-to-home (V2H) noma i-vehicle-to-building (V2B).

Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-EV yakho ingahlinzeka ngamandla kunethiwekhi lapho isidingo siphezulu — ake sithi, ngesikhathi sokushisa lapho wonke umuntu esebenzisa ama-air conditioner akhe — futhi igweme ukungazinzi noma ukucima kogesi. Lokho kwaziwa ngokuthi i-vehicle-to-grid (V2G).

Uma ubheka ukuthi izimoto eziningi zipakwe isikhathi esingama-95%, kuyisu elihehayo.

Kodwa ukuba nemoto enekhono lokuqondisa izinhlangothi zombili kuyingxenye nje yale nkinga. Udinga neshaja ekhethekile evumela amandla ukuthi ageleze kuzo zombili izindlela. Singakubona lokho ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo: NgoJuni, i-dcbel eseMontreal yamemezela ukuthi i-r16 Home Energy Station yayo isibe yishaja yokuqala ye-EV eqondiswa izinhlangothi zombili eqinisekisiwe ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu e-US.

Enye ishaja eqondisa izinhlangothi zombili, i-Quasar 2 evela eWallbox, izotholakala kwi-Kia EV9 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2024.

Ngaphandle kwehadiwe, uzodinga nesivumelwano sokuxhumana esivela enkampanini yakho kagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthumela ugesi phezulu ngeke kudlule igridi.

Futhi uma ufuna ukubuyisa imali oyitshalile nge-V2G, uzodinga isofthiwe eqondisa uhlelo ukuthi lulondoloze izinga lenkokhelo okhululekile ngalo ngenkathi lukutholela intengo engcono kakhulu yamandla owathengisayo. Umdlali omkhulu kuleyo ndawo yiFermata Energy, inkampani eseCharlottesville, eVirginia eyasungulwa ngo-2010.

“Amakhasimende abhalisela ipulatifomu yethu futhi senza zonke lezo zinto zegridi,” kusho umsunguli uDavid Slutzky. “Akudingeki bacabange ngakho.”

I-Fermata ibambisene emikhankasweni eminingi ye-V2G kanye ne-V2H kulo lonke elase-US. E-Alliance Center, indawo yokusebenza ndawonye eDenver egxile ekuzinzeni, i-Nissan Leaf ixhunywe kushaja ye-Fermata eqondiswayo uma ingahanjiswanga. Lesi sikhungo sithi isofthiwe yokubikezela ye-demand-peak ye-Fermata iyakwazi ukonga u-$300 ngenyanga ebhilini layo likagesi ngalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuphathwa kwe-demand charge ngemuva kwemitha.

EBurrillville, eRhode Island, iLeaf epakwe endaweni yokuhlanza amanzi amdaka ithole cishe u-$9,000 ehlobo ezimbili, ngokusho kukaFermata, ngokukhipha ugesi emuva kugridi ngesikhathi semicimbi emikhulu.

Njengamanje iningi lamasethingi e-V2G liyizilingo ezincane zezentengiselwano. Kodwa uSlutzky uthi isevisi yokuhlala izotholakala yonke indawo maduze.

“Lokhu akusikho esikhathini esizayo,” usho kanje. “Sekuvele kwenzeka, empeleni. Kumane nje sekuzokhula.”

Ukushaja okuqondiswe kabili: imoto eya ekhaya
Uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwamandla aqondiswe ohlangothini ngalunye lwaziwa ngokuthi imoto okufanele ilayishwe, noma i-V2L. Ngayo, ungashaja imishini yokukhempa, amathuluzi kagesi noma enye imoto kagesi (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-V2V). Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa amacala anzima: Ngonyaka odlule, udokotela wezifo zomchamo waseTexas uChristopher Yang wamemezela ukuthi uqede i-vasectomy ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi ngokunika amandla amathuluzi akhe ngebhethri eliku-pickup yakhe ye-Rivian R1T.

Ungase uzwe futhi igama elithi V2X, noma imoto echaza yonke into. Kuyindaba edidayo kancane engaba yigama elihlanganisa i-V2H noma i-V2G noma ngisho nokushaja okulawulwayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-V1G. Kodwa abanye embonini yezimoto basebenzisa lesi sifinyezo, ngomongo ohlukile, ukusho noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana phakathi kwemoto nenye into, okuhlanganisa abahamba ngezinyawo, izibani zomgwaqo noma izikhungo zedatha yethrafikhi.

Kulezi zindlela ezahlukene zokushaja okuqondiswayo, i-V2H inokusekelwa okubanzi, njengoba ushintsho lwesimo sezulu olubangelwa abantu kanye namagridi kagesi anganakekelwa kahle kwenze ukungasebenzi kahle kwanda kakhulu. Kube nokuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo okungaphezu kuka-180 kulo lonke elase-US ngo-2020, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwe-Wall Street Journal kwedatha kahulumeni, kusuka kwabangaphansi kwamashumi amabili nane ngo-2000.

Ukugcinwa kwamabhethri e-EV kunezinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwamajeneretha kadizili noma i-propane, okuhlanganisa nokuthi, ngemva kwenhlekelele, ugesi uvame ukubuyiselwa ngokushesha kunezinye izinto zikaphethiloli. Futhi amajeneretha endabuko anomsindo futhi ayakhathaza futhi akhipha umusi oyingozi.

Ngaphandle kokunikeza ugesi ophuthumayo, i-V2H ingase ikongele imali: Uma usebenzisa ugesi ogciniwe ukuze unikeze amandla ekhaya lakho lapho amazinga kagesi ephezulu, unganciphisa izikweletu zakho zamandla. Futhi awudingi isivumelwano sokuxhumana ngoba awuphindiseli ugesi kugridi.

Kodwa ukusebenzisa i-V2H lapho kucinywa ugesi kunengqondo impela, kusho umhlaziyi wamandla u-Eisler.

“Uma ubheka isimo lapho igridi ingathembeki futhi ingase iphahlazeke, kufanele uzibuze, ukuthi lokho kuphahlaza kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani,” kusho yena. “Ingabe uzokwazi ukuphinda ushaje leyo EV uma kudingeka?”

Ukugxekwa okufanayo kwavela kuTesla — ngesikhathi esifanayo nengqungquthela yabezindaba yosuku olufanayo lwabatshalizimali ngoMashi lapho yamemezela khona ukuthi izokwengeza ukusebenza kwezinhlangothi zombili. Kulowo mcimbi, i-CEO u-Elon Musk walulaza lesi sici ngokuthi “asihambi kahle kakhulu.”

“Uma ukhipha iplagi emotweni yakho, indlu yakho iba mnyama,” kusho yena. Vele, i-V2H ingaba ngumncintiswano oqondile we-Tesla Powerwall, ibhethri lelanga likaMusk.

Ukushaja okuqondiswe ohlangothini ngalunye: imoto iye kugridi

Abanikazi bezindlu ezifundazweni eziningi sebengathengisa amandla asele abawakhiqiza ngamaphaneli elanga ophahleni bawabuyisele kugridi. Kuthiwani uma ama-EV angaphezu kwesigidi okulindeleke ukuthi athengiswe e-US kulo nyaka engenza okufanayo?

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi base-University of Rochester, abashayeli bangonga imali ephakathi kuka-$120 no-$150 ngonyaka ebhilini labo lamandla.

I-V2G isesencane kakhulu — izinkampani zikagesi zisazama ukuthola ukuthi zingayilungisa kanjani igridi nokuthi zingakhokhela kanjani amakhasimende azithengisela amahora e-kilowatt. Kodwa izinhlelo zokuhlola ziyaqalwa emhlabeni wonke: I-Pacific Gas and Electric yaseCalifornia, inkampani enkulu kunazo zonke e-US, isiqalile ukubhalisa amakhasimende ohlelweni lokuhlola olubiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-11.7 ukuze ithole ukuthi ekugcineni izohlanganisa kanjani ukuqondiswa kwezinhlangothi zombili.

Ngaphansi kohlelo, amakhasimende asemakhaya azothola imali efika ku-$2,500 yezindleko zokufaka ishaja eqondisa izinhlangothi zombili futhi azokhokhelwa ukuze akhiphe ugesi abuyele kugridi uma kukhona ukuntuleka okulindelekile. Kuye ngobukhulu besidingo kanye nomthamo abantu abazimisele ukuwukhipha, abahlanganyeli bangenza phakathi kuka-$10 no-$50 ngomcimbi ngamunye, kusho okhulumela i-PG&E uPaul Doherty etshela i-dot.LA ngoDisemba,

I-PG&E izibekele umgomo wokusekela ama-EV ayizigidi ezintathu endaweni yayo yesevisi ngo-2030, kanti angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zawo ayakwazi ukusekela i-V2G.