Yintoni ukutshaja okubhekisa kwiindlela ezimbini?

Kwiimoto ezininzi ze-EV, umbane uhamba ngendlela enye — ukusuka kwitshaja, iplagi eludongeni okanye kwenye indawo yombane ukuya kwibhetri. Kukho iindleko ezicacileyo kumsebenzisi wombane kwaye, njengoko kulindeleke ukuba ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sayo yonke intengiso yeemoto ibe ziimoto ze-EV ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi, umthwalo okhulayo kwiigridi zeenkonzo ezisele zirhafisiwe kakhulu.

Ukutshaja ngaxeshanye kukuvumela ukuba uhambise amandla ngenye indlela, ukusuka kwibhetri ukuya kwenye into engeyiyo i-drivetrain yemoto. Ngexesha lokucima, i-EV eqhagamshelwe kakuhle ingathumela umbane endlwini okanye kwishishini kwaye igcine umbane uvuliwe kangangeentsuku ezininzi, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-vehicle-to-home (V2H) okanye i-vehicle-to-building (V2B).

Okubaluleke ngakumbi, i-EV yakho inokubonelela ngombane kwinethiwekhi xa imfuno iphezulu - masithi, ngexesha lobushushu xa wonke umntu esebenzisa ii-air conditioner zakhe - kwaye uphephe ukungazinzi okanye ukucima kombane. Oko kwaziwa ngokuba yi-vehicle-to-grid (V2G).

Xa ucinga ukuba uninzi lweemoto zipakishwe i-95% yexesha, licebo elinomtsalane.

Kodwa ukuba nemoto ekwaziyo ukuhambahamba omabini amacala yinxalenye nje ye-equation. Ukwadinga itshaja ekhethekileyo evumela amandla ukuba ahambe macala omabini. Singakubona oko kwasekuqaleni konyaka ozayo: NgoJuni, i-dcbel eseMontreal yabhengeza ukuba isikhululo sayo samandla e-r16 Home Energy siye saba yitshaja yokuqala ye-EV ehambelanayo omabini eqinisekisiweyo yokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuhlala e-US.

Enye itshaja ejikelezayo, iQuasar 2 evela eWallbox, iya kufumaneka kwiKia EV9 kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2024.

Ngaphandle kwezixhobo, kuya kufuneka nesivumelwano sokunxibelelana esivela kwinkampani yakho yombane, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthumela umbane phezulu akuyi kugquma igridi.

Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukubuyisa imali yakho kwi-V2G, uya kufuna isoftware ekhokela inkqubo ukuba igcine inqanaba lentlawulo okhululekileyo ngayo ngelixa ikunika ixabiso elifanelekileyo lamandla owathengisayo kwakhona. Umdlali omkhulu kuloo ndawo yiFermata Energy, inkampani eseCharlottesville, eVirginia eyasekwa ngo-2010.

“Abathengi bayabhalisela iqonga lethu kwaye senza yonke loo nto,” utshilo umseki uDavid Slutzky. “Akufuneki bacinge ngayo.”

I-Fermata isebenzisana kwiindlela ezininzi zokuqhuba iimoto ze-V2G kunye ne-V2H kulo lonke elase-US. Kwi-Alliance Center, indawo yokusebenza kunye eDenver egxile ekuzinzeni, iNissan Leaf ifakwa kwitshaja yeFermata ejikelezayo xa ingajikeleziswa. Eli ziko lithi isoftware yeFermata yokuqikelela imfuno-incopho iyakwazi ukonga i-$300 ngenyanga kwityala layo lombane ngento eyaziwa ngokuba yi-behind-the-meter demand charge management.

EBurrillville, eRhode Island, iLeaf epakwe kwindawo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ifumene phantse i-$9,000 kwiiyure ezimbini zasehlotyeni, ngokutsho kweFermata, ngokukhupha umbane ubuyele kwigridi ngexesha leziganeko ezishushu.

Okwangoku uninzi lweeseti ze-V2G zivavanywa kurhwebo oluncinci. Kodwa uSlutzky uthi inkonzo yokuhlala iza kufumaneka kuyo yonke indawo kungekudala.

“Oku akusayi kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo,” utshilo. “Sele kusenzeka, ngokwenene. Kukuba nje sele kuza kukhula.”

Ukutshaja kwicala ngalinye: imoto eya ekhaya
Eyona ndlela ilula yamandla ajikelezayo yaziwa ngokuba yimoto yokulayisha, okanye i-V2L. Ngayo, ungatshaja izixhobo zokukhempisha, izixhobo zamandla okanye esinye isithuthi sombane (esaziwa ngokuba yi-V2V). Kukho ukusetyenziswa okunamandla ngakumbi: Kunyaka ophelileyo, ugqirha wezifo zomchamo waseTexas uChristopher Yang wabhengeza ukuba ugqibile ukwenza i-vasectomy ngexesha lokungasebenzi ngokunika amandla izixhobo zakhe ngebhetri kwi-pickup yakhe ye-Rivian R1T.

Usenokuliva negama elithi V2X, okanye isithuthi kuyo yonke into. Ligama elididayo elinokuba ligama eliquka i-V2H okanye i-V2G okanye nokutshaja nje okulawulwayo, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-V1G. Kodwa abanye kwishishini leemoto basebenzisa eli gama lifutshane, kwimeko eyahlukileyo, ukubhekisa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lonxibelelwano phakathi kwesithuthi nesinye isithuthi, kuquka abahambi ngeenyawo, izibane zesitalato okanye amaziko edatha yendlela.

Kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja ezibhekisa kwicala ngalinye, i-V2H inenkxaso ebanzi, njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu olubangelwa ngabantu kunye neegridi zombane ezingagcinwanga kakuhle zenze ukuba ukucima kombane kuqheleke kakhulu. Bekukho ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekekayo okungaphezulu kwe-180 kulo lonke elase-US ngo-2020, ngokutsho kophononongo lweWall Street Journal lwedatha karhulumente, ukusuka ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini anesibini ngo-2000.

Ukugcinwa kweebhetri ze-EV kuneengenelo ezininzi ngaphezu kweejenereyitha zedizili okanye zepropane, kuquka ukuba, emva kwentlekele, umbane uhlala ubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kunezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa njengepetroli. Kwaye iijenereyitha zemveli zinomsindo kwaye zinzima kwaye zikhupha umsi onobungozi.

Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngombane ongxamisekileyo, i-V2H inokukongela imali: Ukuba usebenzisa amandla agciniweyo ukukhanyisa ikhaya lakho xa amaxabiso ombane ephezulu, ungawanciphisa amatyala akho ombane. Kwaye awudingi sivumelwano sokunxibelelana kuba awuwubuyiseli umbane kwigridi.

Kodwa ukusebenzisa i-V2H xa umbane ucinyiwe kuyavakala kancinci, utsho umhlalutyi wamandla uEisler.

“Ukuba ujonge imeko apho igridi ingathembekanga kwaye inokudilika, kuya kufuneka uzibuze, loo ngozi iza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani,” utshilo. “Ngaba uza kukwazi ukuyitshaja loo EV xa kufuneka?”

Ugxeko olufanayo luvele kwiTesla — ngexesha lenkomfa yabezindaba yosuku olufanayo lwabatyali-mali ngoMatshi apho yabhengeza ukuba iza kongeza ukusebenza kweendlela ezimbini. Kweso siganeko, i-CEO u-Elon Musk wayithatha njengento “engathandekiyo kakhulu.”

“Ukuba uyayikhupha iplagi yemoto yakho, indlu yakho iya kuba mnyama,” watsho. Kakade ke, i-V2H iya kuba ngumncintisani ngqo neTesla Powerwall, ibhetri yelanga kaMusk.

Ukutshaja kwicala ngalinye: imoto ukuya kwigridi

Abanini bezindlu kumazwe amaninzi sele benokuthengisa amandla angaphezulu abawavelisayo ngeephaneli zelanga eziphahleni bawabuyisele kwigridi. Kuthekani ukuba ii-EV ezingaphezulu kwesigidi ekulindeleke ukuba zithengiswe eMelika kulo nyaka zingenza okufanayo?

Ngokutsho kwabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseRochester, abaqhubi banokonga imali ephakathi kwe-$120 ne-$150 ngonyaka kwibhili yabo yamandla.

I-V2G isesencinci kakhulu — iinkampani zamandla zisacinga indlela yokulungiselela igridi kunye nendlela yokuhlawula abathengi ababathengisela iiyure ze-kilowatt. Kodwa iinkqubo zovavanyo ziyaqaliswa kwihlabathi liphela: I-Pacific Gas and Electric yaseCalifornia, eyona nkampani inkulu e-US, iqalile ukubhalisa abathengi kwisilingo esixabisa i-$11.7 yezigidi ukuze ifumanise ukuba ekugqibeleni iya kudibanisa njani ukujikeleziswa kweendlela ezimbini.

Phantsi kwesi sicwangciso, abathengi bezindlu baza kufumana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$2,500 kwiindleko zokufaka itshaja ejikelezayo kwaye baza kuhlawulwa ukuze bakhuphe umbane ubuyele kwigridi xa kukho ukunqongophala okulindelekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima besidingo kunye namandla abantu abazimisele ukuwakhupha, abathathi-nxaxheba banokufumana phakathi kwe-$10 kunye ne-$50 ngomsitho ngamnye, isithethi se-PG&E uPaul Doherty uxelele i-dot.LA ngoDisemba,

I-PG&E izibekele usukelo lokuxhasa ii-EV ezizizigidi ezi-3 kwindawo yayo yenkonzo ngo-2030, kwaye ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 zazo ziyakwazi ukuxhasa i-V2G.