Gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya inshuro ebyiri (Bidirectional Charging) ni iki?

Ku modoka nyinshi za EV, amashanyarazi anyura mu nzira imwe - kuva kuri charger, ku rukuta cyangwa ahandi hantu hakoreshwa ingufu ujya muri bateri. Hari ikiguzi kigaragara ku mukoresha ku mashanyarazi, kandi, kubera ko ibirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'imodoka zose zigurishwa biteganijwe ko ari imodoka za EV mu mpera z'iki mwaka, umutwaro urushaho kwiyongera ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi yamaze gusoreshwa cyane.

Gusharija amashanyarazi mu buryo bubiri bigufasha kwimura ingufu mu bundi buryo, kuva kuri batiri ujya ku kindi kintu kitari umuyoboro w'imodoka. Mu gihe habayeho ikibazo, amashanyarazi ahujwe neza ashobora gusubiza amashanyarazi mu nzu cyangwa mu bucuruzi maze akagumana umuriro iminsi myinshi, igikorwa kizwi nka vehicle-to-home (V2H) cyangwa vehicle-to-building (V2B).

Mu buryo bushishikaje kurushaho, amashanyarazi yawe ashobora no gutanga ingufu kuri interineti iyo ubusabe buri hejuru - urugero, mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi ubwo buri wese arimo gukoresha ibyuma bye bikonjesha - kandi wirinde kudahagarara cyangwa kuzimya umuriro. Ibyo bizwi nka vehicle-to-grid (V2G).

Ukurikije ko imodoka nyinshi ziba zihagaze 95% by'igihe, ni ingamba ishimishije.

Ariko kugira imodoka ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora imodoka mu cyerekezo cy’impande zombi ni kimwe mu bigize iki gipimo. Ukeneye kandi charger yihariye ituma ingufu zinyura mu mpande zombi. Twashoboraga kubibona mu ntangiriro z’umwaka utaha: Muri Kamena, dcbel ifite icyicaro i Montreal yatangaje ko charger yayo ya r16 Home Energy Station yabaye iya mbere charger ya EV mu cyerekezo cy’impande zombi yemejwe gukoreshwa mu ngo muri Amerika.

Indi charger y’imashini ikoresha icyerekezo cy’ibiri, Quasar 2 yo muri Wallbox, izaboneka kuri Kia EV9 mu gice cya mbere cya 2024.

Uretse ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, uzakenera kandi amasezerano yo guhuza amashanyarazi n'ikigo cyawe cy'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo wohereze amashanyarazi hejuru y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bitazarenza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

Kandi niba ushaka kugaruza amafaranga washoye muri V2G, uzakenera porogaramu iyobora sisitemu kugira ngo igufashe kugumana igiciro cyinshi wishimiye, mu gihe ikuzanira igiciro cyiza cy’ingufu wagurishije. Umukinnyi ukomeye muri urwo rwego ni Fermata Energy, ikigo gikorera i Charlottesville, muri Virginia, cyashinzwe mu 2010.

“Abakiriya biyandikisha kuri platform yacu kandi dukora ibyo bintu byose,” uyu ni David Slutzky washinze urubuga. “Ntabwo bagomba kubitekerezaho.”

Fermata yafatanyije mu gukora ingendo nyinshi za V2G na V2H hirya no hino muri Amerika. Muri Alliance Center, ahantu ho gukorera hamwe hashingiye ku iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Denver, imodoka ya Nissan Leaf ishyirwa mu cyuma cya Fermata gitanga amashanyarazi mu buryo bw’icyerekezo cy’ibice bibiri iyo idatwarwa. Iki kigo kivuga ko porogaramu ya Fermata iteganya ko amashanyarazi azagera ku giciro cyayo kinini ishobora kuzigama amadolari 300 ku kwezi ku giciro cyayo cy’amashanyarazi binyuze mu buryo buzwi nka behind-the-meter demand charge management.

I Burrillville, muri Rhode Island, ipaki y’amazi yanduye yinjije hafi $9.000 mu mpeshyi ebyiri, nk'uko Fermata ibivuga, binyuze mu kongera amashanyarazi mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo.

Ubu serivisi nyinshi za V2G ni izikoreshwa mu bucuruzi buciriritse. Ariko Slutzky avuga ko serivisi zo mu ngo zizaba ahantu hose vuba.

Agira ati: “Ibi ntabwo ari mu gihe kizaza. Mu by’ukuri, biri kuba. Ni uko bigiye kwiyongera.”

Gushyushya icyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri: imodoka ijya mu rugo
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu cyerekezo cy’umubiri buzwi nka vehicle to load, cyangwa V2L. Ukoresheje iyo ngufu, ushobora gusharija ibikoresho byo mu nkambi, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi cyangwa ikindi kinyabiziga gikoresha amashanyarazi (kizwi nka V2V). Hari uburyo bukomeye bwo gukoresha: Umwaka ushize, umuganga w’inzobere mu by’imiti yo mu mubiri wo muri Texas, Christopher Yang, yatangaje ko yarangije kuvasectomy mu gihe yari yabuze ibikoresho bye akoresheje bateri iri muri pickup ye ya Rivian R1T.

Ushobora kandi kumva ijambo V2X, cyangwa ikinyabiziga kuri byose. Ni ikintu giteye urujijo gishobora kuba ijambo rusange rya V2H cyangwa V2G cyangwa se gushyushya imodoka gusa, rizwi nka V1G. Ariko abandi mu nganda z'imodoka bakoresha iri jambo rihinnye, mu bundi buryo, bashaka kuvuga ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'itumanaho hagati y'ikinyabiziga n'ikindi kintu, harimo abanyamaguru, amatara yo ku muhanda cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe amakuru y'umuhanda.

Mu buryo butandukanye bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi mu cyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri, V2H ni yo ifite inkunga yagutse, kuko imihindagurikire y’ikirere iterwa n’abantu n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi idakozwe neza byatumye amashanyarazi ahagarara cyane. Hari ibibazo birenga 180 byakomeje kugaragara muri Amerika mu 2020, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’isuzuma rya Wall Street Journal ku makuru ya leta, biturutse ku bitagira agaciro ka makumyabiri n’umunani mu 2000.

Kubika bateri za EV bifite inyungu nyinshi ugereranyije na moteri za mazutu cyangwa propane, harimo ko, nyuma y’ibiza, amashanyarazi akunze kugaruka vuba kurusha andi mashanyarazi. Kandi moteri zisanzwe zirangurura cyane kandi ziremereye kandi zisohora imyuka mibi.

Uretse gutanga amashanyarazi yihutirwa, V2H ishobora kukurinda amafaranga: Niba ukoresha ingufu zabitswe mu gutanga amashanyarazi mu rugo rwawe mu gihe ibiciro by'amashanyarazi biri hejuru, ushobora kugabanya fagitire z'ingufu zawe. Kandi ntukeneye amasezerano yo guhuza amashanyarazi kuko utaba usubiza amashanyarazi ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

Ariko gukoresha V2H mu gihe habuze umuriro birumvikana ku rugero runaka, nk'uko bivugwa n'umusesenguzi w'ingufu Eisler.

Agira ati: “Niba ureba aho ikoranabuhanga ritakwizewe ndetse rishobora no kugwa, ugomba kwibaza uti, iyo mpanuka izamara igihe kingana iki?” “Ese uzashobora kongera amashanyarazi mu gihe bibaye ngombwa?”

Isesengura nk'iryo ryaturutse kuri Tesla - mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru cyabaye ku munsi w'abashoramari muri Werurwe aho yatangaje ko izongera imikorere y'impande zombi. Muri icyo gikorwa, umuyobozi mukuru Elon Musk yasuzuguye iyo mikorere nk' "igoye cyane."

Yagize ati: “Iyo ukuyemo amashanyarazi mu modoka yawe, inzu yawe irazima.” Birumvikana ko V2H yaba ihanganye na Tesla Powerwall, bateri y’izuba ya Musk.

Gushyushya icyerekezo cy'ibice bibiri: imodoka ijya ku rukuta rw'amazi

Ba nyir'amazu muri leta nyinshi bashobora kugurisha ingufu zisaga batanga bakoresheje imirasire y'izuba ku gisenge cy'inzu. Bite se niba amashanyarazi arenga miliyoni imwe yitezwe kugurishwa muri Amerika uyu mwaka na yo yabikora?

Nk’uko abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Rochester babivuga, abashoferi bashobora kuzigama hagati y’amadolari 120 na 150 ku mwaka ku giciro cyabo cy’ingufu.

V2G iracyari mu ntangiriro — amasosiyete y’amashanyarazi aracyashakisha uburyo bwo gutegura umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’uburyo bwo kwishyura abakiriya babagurisha amasaha ya kilowatt. Ariko gahunda z’igerageza zirimo gutangizwa hirya no hino ku isi: Pacific Gas and Electric yo muri Kaliforuniya, ikigo kinini cyane muri Amerika, cyatangiye kwandika abakiriya mu igerageza rya miliyoni 11.7 z’amadolari kugira ngo gishake uburyo amaherezo kizahuza icyerekezo cy’impande zombi.

Muri gahunda, abakiriya bo mu ngo bazahabwa amafaranga agera ku $2,500 yo gushyiramo icyuma gitanga umuriro mu cyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri, kandi bazishyurwa amafaranga yo gusubiza amashanyarazi ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi mu gihe habayeho ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi. Bitewe n’uburemere bw’ibikenewe n’ubushobozi abantu biteguye gukoresha, abitabiriye bashobora kubona hagati ya $10 na $50 kuri buri gikorwa, nk’uko umuvugizi wa PG&E, Paul Doherty yabibwiye dot.LA mu Ukuboza,

PG&E yihaye intego yo gushyigikira imodoka za EV miliyoni 3 mu rwego rwa serivisi zayo bitarenze 2030, izirenga miliyoni 2 muri zo zikaba zishobora gushyigikira V2G.