Maitiro eKuchaja Zvivakwa

Kunyange hazvo kudiwa kukuru kwekuchaja kuri kuzadzikiswa nekuchaja dzimba, machaja anowanikwa pachena ari kudiwa zvakanyanya kuitira kuti zvive nyore uye nyore kuwana sekushandisa mota dzemazuva ese. Munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda mumaguta, kunyanya, uko mukana wekuchaja dzimba uri mudiki, zvivakwa zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji zvinobatsira zvikuru pakushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi. Pakupera kwa2022, kwaive nenzvimbo dzekuchaja dzeveruzhinji dzinosvika mamiriyoni 2.7 pasi rose, dzinopfuura 900 000 dzakaiswa muna 2022, kuwedzera kwe55% pane 2021, uye kwakafanana nekukura kwe50% isati yasvika denda pakati pa2015 na2019.

Machaja anononoka

Pasi rose, nzvimbo dzinopfuura 600 000 dzeveruzhinji dzinononoka kuchaja1dzakaiswa muna 2022, 360 000 dzacho dzaive muChina, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwemacharger anononoka munyika husvike paanopfuura miriyoni imwe. Pakupera kwa2022, China yaive neanopfuura hafu yehuwandu hwemacharger anononoka pasi rose.

Europe iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri, ine machaja anononoka anosvika 460 000 muna 2022, kuwedzera kwe50% kubva mugore rapfuura. Netherlands iri pamberi muEurope ne117 000, ichiteverwa ne74 000 muFrance uye 64 000 muGermany. Huwandu hwemachaja anononoka muUnited States hwakawedzera ne9% muna 2022, chiyero chekukura chakaderera pakati pemisika mikuru. MuKorea, huwandu hwemachaja anononoka hwakapetwa kaviri gore negore, huchisvika 184 000 charger points.

Machaja anokurumidza

Macharger anokurumidza kuwanikwa paruzhinji, kunyanya ari pamigwagwa mikuru, anogonesa kufamba kwenguva refu uye anogona kugadzirisa kunetseka kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana, chipingamupinyi pakushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi. Kufanana nemacharger anononoka, macharger anokurumidza kuwanikwa paruzhinji anopawo mhinduro dzekuchaja kune vatengi vasina mukana wakavimbika wekuchaja vega, zvichikurudzira kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzevagari. Huwandu hwemacharger anokurumidza kuwanikwa hwakawedzera ne330 000 pasi rose muna 2022, kunyange hazvo huwandu hwakawanda (inenge 90%) hwekukura kwakabva kuChina. Kushandiswa kwemacharger anokurumidza kuwanikwa kunotsiva kushomeka kwemacharger edzimba mumaguta ane vanhu vakawanda uye kunotsigira zvinangwa zveChina zvekushandiswa kwemagetsi nekukurumidza. China ine macharger anokurumidza 760 000, asi huwandu hwese hwemacharger anokurumidza kuwanikwa paruzhinji huri mumapurovhinzi gumi chete.

MuEurope huwandu hwese hwema "fast charger" hwaipfuura 70 000 pakupera kwa2022, kuwedzera kweinenge 55% zvichienzaniswa negore ra2021. Nyika dzine ma "fast charger" akawanda ndiGermany (anopfuura 12 000), France (9 700) neNorway (9 000). Pane chinangwa chakajeka muEuropean Union chekuvandudza zvivakwa zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji, sezvakaratidzwa nechibvumirano chechinguvana pamusoro peAlternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), iyo ichaisa zvinodiwa zvekuchaja zvemagetsi muTrans-European network-transport (TEN-T) pakati peEuropean Investment Bank neEuropean Commission. EUR 1.5 bhiriyoni inowanikwa pakupera kwa2023 yezvivakwa zvemafuta akasiyana, kusanganisira kuchaja nekukurumidza kwemagetsi.

United States yakaisa macharger 6 300 muna 2022, anenge zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvemacharger acho aive Tesla Supercharger. Huwandu hwemacharger ekukurumidza hwakasvika 28 000 pakupera kwa2022. Kuendeswa kwemagetsi kunotarisirwa kuwedzera mumakore anotevera mushure mekubvumidzwa nehurumende (NEVI). Nyika dzese dzemuUS, Washington DC, nePuerto Rico dziri kutora chikamu muchirongwa ichi, uye dzakatopihwa mari inosvika USD 885 miriyoni muna 2023 yekutsigira kugadzirwa kwemacharger mumakiromita 122 000 emugwagwa mukuru. US Federal Highway Administration yazivisa mwero mutsva wenyika wemacharger eEV anotsigirwa nehurumende kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoenderana, kuvimbika, kuwanikwa uye kuenderana. Pamwero mutsva, Tesla yakazivisa kuti ichavhura chikamu cheUS Supercharger yayo (apo Superchargers inomiririra 60% yehuwandu hwemacharger ekukurumidza muUnited States) uye network yeDestination Charger kune vasiri veTesla EV.

Nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzeveruzhinji dziri kudiwa zvakanyanya kuti zviite kuti magetsi emagetsi emagetsi akwanise kushandiswa zvakanyanya

Kushandiswa kwezvivakwa zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji vachitarisira kukura kwekutengesa kweEV kwakakosha pakushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi akawanda. Semuenzaniso, muNorway, kwaive nemagetsi emagetsi anosvika 1.3 emabhatiri panzvimbo yekuchaja yeveruzhinji muna 2011, izvo zvakatsigira kushandiswazve. Pakupera kwa2022, neinopfuura 17% yemagetsi eLDV ari maBEV, kwaive ne25 maBEV panzvimbo yekuchaja yeveruzhinji muNorway. Kazhinji, sezvo mugove wemagetsi emagetsi ebhatiri uchiwedzera, chiyero chekuchaja paBEV chinoderera. Kukura kwekutengesa kweEV kunogona kungoenderera mberi chete kana kudiwa kwekuchaja kuchizadzikiswa nezvivakwa zvinosvikika uye zvinokwanisika, kungave kuburikidza nekuchaja kwega mudzimba kana kubasa, kana nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzinosvikika neveruzhinji.

Chiyero chemagetsi eLDV pachaja yeruzhinji

Nzvimbo yekuchaja yeruzhinji pachiyero cheLDV yebhatiri nemagetsi munyika dzakasarudzwa zvichienzaniswa nechikamu cheLDV yemagetsi yebhatiri

Kunyange hazvo maPHEV asinganyanyi kuvimba nezvivakwa zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji kupfuura maBEV, kugadzira mitemo ine chekuita nekuwanikwa kwakakwana kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja kunofanira kusanganisira (uye kukurudzira) kuchaja kweveruzhinji kwePHEV. Kana huwandu hwese hwemagetsi eLDV panzvimbo yekuchaja hukafungidzirwa, avhareji yepasi rose muna 2022 yaive maEV gumi pachaja. Nyika dzakadai seChina, Korea neNetherlands dzakaramba dzine maEV asingasviki gumi pachaja mumakore apfuura. Munyika dzinovimba zvakanyanya nekuchaja kweveruzhinji, huwandu hwemachaja anowanikwa pachena hwave huchiwedzera nekukurumidza kunoenderana nekushandiswa kweEV.

Zvisinei, mune mamwe misika inozivikanwa nekuwanikwa kwakapararira kwekuchaja dzimba (nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwedzimba dzemhuri imwe chete dzine mukana wekuisa charger) huwandu hwemaEV panzvimbo yekuchaja yeruzhinji hunogona kutowedzera. Semuenzaniso, muUnited States, chiyero chemaEV pachaja i24, uye muNorway chinodarika 30. Sezvo kupinda kwemagetsi eEV pamusika kuchiwedzera, kuchaja kweruzhinji kunowedzera kukosha, kunyangwe munyika idzi, kutsigira kushandiswa kwemagetsi eEV pakati pevatyairi vasina mukana wekuchaja dzimba dzega kana nzvimbo yebasa. Zvisinei, chiyero chakanakisa chemaEV pachaja chichasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro emuno uye zvinodiwa nemutyairi.

Pamwe chinonyanya kukosha kupfuura huwandu hwemachaja eruzhinji aripo isimba rese rekuchaja reruzhinji paEV, tichifunga kuti machaja anokurumidza anogona kushandira maEV akawanda kupfuura machaja anononoka. Munguva yekutanga yekushandiswa kweEV, zvine musoro kuti simba rekuchaja riripo paEV rive rakakwirira, tichifunga kuti kushandiswa kwechaja kuchava kwakaderera kusvika musika wakura uye kushandiswa kwezvivakwa kwava kushanda zvakanaka. Zvichienderana neizvi, European Union's paAFIR inosanganisira zvinodiwa kuti simba rese remagetsi ripihwe zvichienderana nehukuru hwezvikepe zvakanyoreswa.

Pasi rose, avhareji yesimba rekuchaja reveruzhinji pa LDV yemagetsi inenge 2.4 kW pa EV. MuEuropean Union, chiyero ichi chakaderera, neavhareji inenge 1.2 kW pa EV. Korea ine chiyero chepamusoro che7 kW pa EV, kunyangwe machaja mazhinji everuzhinji (90%) ari machaja anononoka.

Huwandu hwemagetsi eLDV panzvimbo yekuchaja yeruzhinji uye kW pamagetsi eLDV, 2022

Vhura

Huwandu hwemagetsi eLDV papoindi yekuchaja kweruzhinji paLDV dzemagetsi ega egaNew ZealandIcelandAustraliaNorwayBrazilGermanySwedenUnited StatesDenmarkPortugalUnited KingdomSpainCanadaIndonesiaFinlandSwitzerlandJapanThailandEuropean UnionFrancePolandMexicoBelgiumWorldItalyChinaIndiaSouth AfricaChileGreeceNetherlandsKorea08162432404856647280889610400.61.21.82.433.64.24.85.466.67.27.8

• EV / EVSE (chikamu chezasi)
• kW / EV (chikamu chepamusoro)

Munzvimbo umo marori emagetsi ari kuwanikwa muzvitoro, marori emagetsi ane mabhatiri anogona kukwikwidzana zvichienderana neTCO nemarori edhiziri enguva dzose pamabasa akasiyana-siyana, kwete muguta nemunharaunda chete, asiwo muzvikamu zvematunhu nematractor-trailer. Zvinhu zvitatu zvinosarudza nguva inosvikwa mitero; mari yemafuta nekushanda (semuenzaniso mutsauko uripo pakati pemitengo yedhiziri nemagetsi inotarisana nevanoita marori, uye mari shoma yekugadzirisa); uye rubatsiro rweCAPEX kuderedza musiyano uripo pamutengo wekutenga mota dzepakutanga. Sezvo marori emagetsi achigona kupa mashandiro akafanana nemitengo yakaderera yehupenyu hwese (kusanganisira kana mutengo wakaderedzwa unoshandiswa), iyo varidzi vemotokari vanotarisira kudzoreredza mari dzekutanga chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza kana votenga rori remagetsi kana renguva dzose.

Hupfumi hwemarori emagetsi mukushandiswa kwemarori marefu hunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya kana mari yekuchaja ikaderedzwa nekuwedzera "off-shift" (semuenzaniso husiku kana dzimwe nguva refu dzekuzorora) kuchaja zvishoma nezvishoma, kuwana zvibvumirano zvekutenga zvakawanda nevanoshanda negrid "pakati pekushanda" (semuenzaniso panguva yekuzorora), kukurumidza (kusvika 350 kW), kana kukurumidza (>350 kW), uye kutsvaga mikana yekuchaja yakangwara uye mikana yemota-ku-grid kuti uwane mari yekuwedzera.

Marori emagetsi nemabhazi achashandisa simba rawo guru pakuchaja magetsi panguva yekushanda. Izvi zvichaitwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekuchaja dzepachivande kana kuti dzepachivande kana pazviteshi zveveruzhinji pamigwagwa mikuru, uye kazhinji husiku hwese. Nzvimbo dzekuchaja magetsi dzinoda kugadzirwa, uye kazhinji dzinogona kuda kugadziriswa kwegridi yekugovera nekutumira magetsi. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemota, kuchaja kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja kuchakwana kufukidza mabasa mazhinji mumabhazi emumaguta pamwe nemabasa emarori emumaguta nematunhu.

Mitemo inorayira nguva dzekuzorora inogonawo kupa nguva yekuchaja pakati pekushanda kana paine nzira dzekuchaja nekukurumidza kana nekukurumidza: European Union inoda kuzorora kwemaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu mushure memaawa mana nehafu ega ega ekutyaira; United States inorayira maminetsi makumi matatu mushure memaawa masere.

Nzvimbo zhinji dzekuchaja dzinoshandiswa pakutengesa (DC) dzinokwanisa kushaja nekukurumidza dziripo parizvino dzinobvumira simba remagetsi riri pakati pe250-350 kW. Zvakasvikwa neEuropean Council neParamende zvinosanganisira nzira yekuisa zvivakwa zvemotokari dzemagetsi dzinorema kutanga muna 2025. Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvezvinodiwa zvemagetsi zvemarori emunharaunda uye ekufamba kwenguva refu muUS neEurope zvakaona kuti simba rekuchaja rinodarika 350 kW, uye rinosvika 1 MW, rinogona kudiwa kuti marori emagetsi ashajwe zvizere panguva yekuzorora kwemaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu.

Vachiziva kudiwa kwekuwedzera kuchaja nekukurumidza kana nekukurumidza sechinodiwa kuti mabasa emunharaunda uye, kunyanya, ashande kwenguva refu, tekinoroji uye hupfumi, muna 2022 Traton, Volvo, naDaimler vakatanga mubatanidzwa wakazvimirira, Nemari inosvika EUR 500 miriyoni kubva kumapoka matatu ekugadzira zvinhu, chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekuisa nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzinopfuura 1 700 dzinokurumidza (300 kusvika 350 kW) uye dzinokurumidza (1 MW) muEurope yese.

Mipimo yakawanda yekuchaja iri kushandiswa pari zvino, uye hunyanzvi hwekuchaja nekukurumidza huri kugadzirwa. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mitemo yekuchaja inowirirana zvakanyanya uye kushanda pamwe chete kwemota dzemagetsi dzinorema kuchadiwa kudzivirira mitengo, kusashanda zvakanaka, uye matambudziko kune vanopinza mota nevanoshanda kunze kwenyika ayo angagadzirwa nevagadziri vanotevera nzira dzakasiyana.

MuChina, vagadziri vemagetsi pamwe chete neChina Electricity Council neCHAdeMO's "ultra ChaoJi" vari kugadzira mwero wekuchaja mota dzemagetsi dzinorema dzinosvika ma megawatts akati wandei. MuEurope nemuUnited States, mwero weCharIN Megawatt Charging System (MCS), ine simba guru re. iri kugadzirwa neInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO) nedzimwe sangano. Mwero wekupedzisira weMCS, uyo uchadiwa kuti utange kushandiswa mukutengeserana, unotarisirwa mugore ra2024. Mushure menzvimbo yekutanga yekuchaja ma megawatt inopihwa neDaimler Trucks nePortland General Electric (PGE) muna 2021, pamwe nekudyara mari nemapurojekiti muAustria, Sweden, Spain neUnited Kingdom.

Kutengeserana kwemachaja ane simba re1 MW kunoda mari yakawanda, sezvo zviteshi zvine simba rakawanda kudaro zvichakonzera mari yakawanda mukuisa nekuvandudza grid. Kugadzirisa mamodheru ebhizinesi remagetsi eruzhinji nemitemo yemagetsi, kuronga kuronga pakati pevane chekuita nazvo uye kuchaja zvine hungwaru zvinogona kubatsira rutsigiro rwakananga kuburikidza nemapurojekiti ekuyedza uye zvinokurudzira zvemari zvinogonawo kukurumidzisa kuratidzwa nekushandiswa mumatanho ekutanga. Ongororo ichangobva kuitwa inoratidza mamwe magadzirirwo akakosha ekugadzira zviteshi zvekuchaja zvine mwero zveMCS:

• Kuronga nzvimbo dzekuchaja panzvimbo dzemigwagwa mikuru dziri pedyo nemitsetse yemagetsi nedzezviteshi zvinogona kuva mhinduro yakanaka yekuderedza mari uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwechaja.
• Kubatanidza "hukuru hwakarurama" nekubatanidza zvakananga kumagetsi ekufambisa magetsi pakutanga, nokudaro kutarisira simba rinodiwa nehurongwa umo huwandu hwakawanda hwemabasa ekutakura zvinhu hwakaiswa magetsi, pane kusimudzira magrid ekuparadzira magetsi nguva pfupi, zvichave zvakakosha kuderedza mari. Izvi zvinoda kuronga kwakarongeka uye kwakarongeka pakati pevashandi vegrid nevagadziri vezvivakwa zvekuchaja muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Sezvo kubatana kwemasisitimu ekufambisa magetsi uye kugadziriswa kwegrid kuchigona kutora makore mana kusvika masere, kuvaka nzvimbo dzekufambisa magetsi dzinonyanya kukosha kunofanira kutanga nekukurumidza.

Mhinduro dzinosanganisira kuisa nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu uye kubatanidza nzvimbo inogona kushandiswazve, pamwe chete nekuchaja kwakangwara, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza mari yezvivakwa zvine chekuita nekubatanidza grid uye mari yekutenga magetsi (semuenzaniso nekubatsira vanotyaira marori kuderedza mari nekusarudza kusiyana kwemitengo mukati mezuva, kushandisa mikana yemotokari kubva kune imwe kuenda kune imwe, nezvimwewo).

Dzimwe nzira dzekupa simba kumotokari dzinotakura magetsi (HDVs) inyaya yekuchinjana mabhatiri uye masisitimu emigwagwa yemagetsi. Masisitimu emigwagwa yemagetsi anogona kutamisa simba kurori kuburikidza ne inductive coils mumugwagwa, kana kuburikidza ne conductive connections pakati pemotokari nemugwagwa, kana kuburikidza ne catenary (overhead) lines. Catenary nedzimwe nzira dzekuchaja dzinochinja dzinogona kuva nevimbiso yekuderedza mari yeyunivhesiti yesystem-level mukuchinjira kuma zero-emission regional uye long-haul trucks, zvichizadzisa zvakanaka maererano nemari yese yemari uye yekushandisa. Zvinogonawo kubatsira kuderedza zvinodiwa zvebhatiri. Kudiwa kwemabhatiri kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye kushandiswa kwacho kunowedzera kuvandudzwa, kana masisitimu emigwagwa yemagetsi akagadzirwa kuti aenderane kwete nemarori chete asiwo nemotokari dzemagetsi. Zvisinei, nzira dzakadaro dzaizoda magadzirirwo e inductive kana ari mumigwagwa anouya nezvipingamupinyi zvakakura maererano nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nekugadzira, uye anodya mari yakawanda. Panguva imwe chete, masisitimu emigwagwa yemagetsi ane matambudziko makuru akafanana neechitima, kusanganisira kudiwa kukuru kwekuenzanisa nzira nemotokari (sezvinoratidzwa nema tram ne trolley buses), kuenderana nemiganhu yerwendo rurefu, uye mamodheru ekuva nezvivakwa zvakakodzera. Dzinopa mukana mudiki wekuti varidzi vemarori vagone kufamba-famba zvakanaka kana tichitarisa nzira nerudzi rwemota, uye dzine mari yakawanda yekuvandudza, zvese zvichikanganisa kukwikwidzana kwavo kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo dzekuchaja nguva dzose. Zvichienderana nematambudziko aya, masisitimu akadaro anotanga ashandiswa munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoreva kuti panofanira kunge paine kubatana kwakasimba pakati pevane chekuita neveruzhinji nevepachivande. Kuratidzira mumigwagwa yeveruzhinji kusvika pari zvino muGermany neSweden kwave kuchivimba nevane simba kubva kumasangano epachivande neeveruzhinji. Kudanwa kwevatyairi vemagetsi emigwagwa kuri kufungwawo muChina, India, UK neUnited States.

Zvinodiwa zvekuchaja mota dzinorema

Ongororo yeInternational Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) inoratidza kuti kuchinjana mabhatiri emagetsi ane mavhiri maviri mumabasa etekisi (semuenzaniso mabhasikoro etekisi) kunopa TCO inokwikwidzana zvikuru kana tichienzanisa neBEV kana ICE ine mavhiri maviri. Panyaya yekutumira makiromita ekupedzisira uchishandisa vhiri remavhiri maviri, kuchaja mapoinzi parizvino kune mukana weTCO pane kuchinjana mabhatiri, asi nekukurudzira kwakakodzera uye chiyero, kuchinjana kunogona kuva sarudzo inoshanda pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Kazhinji, sezvo avhareji yekufamba kwezuva nezuva ichiwedzera, bhatiri rine mavhiri maviri emagetsi rine kuchinjana mabhatiri rinova rakachipa kupfuura mota dzinochaja mapoinzi kana peturu. Muna 2021, Swappable Batteries Motorcycle Consortium yakavambwa nechinangwa chekurerutsira kuchinjana mabhatiri emotokari dzisina uremu, kusanganisira maviri/mavhiri matatu, nekushanda pamwe chete pane zvinodiwa nemabhatiri zvakafanana.

Kuchinjana mabhatiri emagetsi ane mavhiri maviri/matatu kuri kuwedzera zvakanyanya muIndia. Pari zvino kune makambani anopfuura gumi akasiyana mumusika weIndia, anosanganisira Gogoro, iyo inotungamira tekinoroji yemagetsi yeTaipei uye yekutsinhana mabhatiri. Gogoro inoti mabhatiri ayo anoshandisa 90% yemascooter emagetsi muTaipei yeChina, uye network yeGogoro ine nzvimbo dzinopfuura 12 000 dzekuchinjana mabhatiri dzekutsigira dzinopfuura 500 000 dzemagetsi dzine mavhiri maviri munyika pfumbamwe, kunyanya munzvimbo yeAsia Pacific. Gogoro ikozvino yaumba hukama neZypp Electric iri kuIndia, iyo inomhanya puratifomu yeEV-as-a-service yekutumira zvinhu zvekupedzisira; pamwe chete, vari kuisa nzvimbo nhanhatu dzekuchinjana mabhatiri uye 100 dzemagetsi dzine mavhiri maviri sechikamu chepurojekiti yekutanga yemabasa ekutumira zvinhu zvekupedzisira muguta reDelhi. Pakutanga kwa2023, vakaunganidza mabhatiri avachashandisa kuwedzera zvikepe zvavo kusvika pa200 000 emagetsi ane mavhiri maviri mumaguta makumi matatu eIndia panosvika gore ra2025. Sun Mobility ine nhoroondo yakareba yekuchinjana mabhatiri muIndia, ine nzvimbo dzekuchinjisa mabhatiri munyika yese dzemabhatiri maviri nematatu, kusanganisira e-rickshaw, pamwe chete nevabatsiri vakaita seAmazon India. Thailand iri kuonawo mabasa ekuchinjana mabhatiri evatyairi vematekisi emudhudhudhu nevanotakura zvinhu.

Kunyange zvazvo zvakanyanya kupararira muAsia, kuchinjana mabhatiri nemagetsi ane mavhiri maviri kuri kupararirawo muAfrica. Semuenzaniso, kambani itsva yemagetsi yeRwanda inoshandisa nzvimbo dzekuchinjana mabhatiri, ichinyanya kushumira mabasa etekisi dzemudhudhudhu anoda mafambiro marefu ezuva nezuva. Ampersand yakavaka nzvimbo gumi dzekuchinjana mabhatiri muKigali uye nhatu muNairobi, Kenya. Nzvimbo idzi dzinoita shanduko dzinosvika zviuru makumi matatu nenomwe (37 000) dzemabhatiri pamwedzi.

Kuchinjana mabhatiri emota mbiri kana nhatu kunopa zvakanakira mutengo

Kumarori kunyanya, kuchinjana mabhatiri kunogona kuva nemabhenefiti makuru pane kuchaja nekukurumidza. Chekutanga, kuchinjana mabhatiri kunogona kutora nguva shoma, izvo zvingave zvakaoma uye zvinodhura kuburikidza nekuchaja kwakavakirwa patambo, zvichida charger inokurumidza zvikuru yakabatana nemagridi emagetsi ari pakati nepakati kusvika pakakwirira uye masisitimu ekutonga mabhatiri anodhura uye makemikari emabhatiri. Kudzivisa kuchaja nekukurumidza zvikuru kunogonawo kuwedzera kugona kwebhatiri, mashandiro uye hupenyu hwenguva.

Bhatiri-se-basa (BaaS), kupatsanura kutenga rori nebhatiri, uye kugadzira chibvumirano chekurenda bhatiri, kunoderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekutenga pakutanga. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo marori achiwanzo vimba ne lithium iron phosphate (LFP) mabhatiri, ayo anogara kwenguva refu kupfuura mabhatiri e lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), akakodzera kuchinjana maererano nekuchengetedzeka uye mutengo wakaderera.

Zvisinei, mari yekuvaka chiteshi ingangove yakakwira pakuchinjana mabhatiri emota tichifunga nezvehukuru hwemota uye mabhatiri anorema, izvo zvinoda nzvimbo yakawanda nemidziyo yakakosha kuti zviitwe. Chimwe chipingamupinyi chikuru ndechekuti mabhatiri aenderane nehukuru hwakatarwa uye kugona, izvo maOEM emota angangoona sedambudziko rekukwikwidzana sezvo dhizaini uye kugona kwemabhatiri chiri chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa pakati pevagadziri vemarori emagetsi.

China iri pamberi mukuchinjana mabhatiri emarori nekuda kwerutsigiro rwakakosha rwemutemo uye kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kuchaja tambo. Muna 2021, MIIT yeChina yakazivisa kuti maguta akati wandei aizoedza tekinoroji yekuchinjana mabhatiri, kusanganisira kuchinjana mabhatiri eHDV mumaguta matatu. Vanenge vese vagadziri vemarori makuru ekuChina, kusanganisira FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, uye SAIC.

China iri pamberi mukuchinjana mabhatiri emota

China ndiyo iri kutungamirawo mukutsinhana mabhatiri emota dzevafambi. Munzira dzese, huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekutsinhana mabhatiri muChina hwakanga hwasvika pakupera kwa2022, 50% yakakwira kupfuura pakupera kwa2021. NIO, iyo inogadzira mota dzinoshandisa mabhatiri uye nzvimbo dzinotsigira kuchinjana, inoshanda kupfuura muChina, ichishuma kuti network iyi inofukidza zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveChina. Hafu yenzvimbo dzavo dzekutsinhana dzakaiswa muna 2022, uye kambani yakaisa chinangwa chenzvimbo dzekutsinhana mabhatiri zviuru zvina pasi rose panosvika gore ra2025. Kambani yavo yekutsinhana mabhatiri inogona kuita maswip anodarika mazana matatu pazuva, ichichaja mabhatiri anosvika gumi nematatu panguva imwe chete nesimba re20-80 kW.

NIO yakazivisawo hurongwa hwekuvaka nzvimbo dzekuchinjana mabhatiri muEurope sezvo mota dzavo dzinoshandisa kuchinjana mabhatiri dzava kuwanikwa mumisika yeEurope pakupera kwa2022. Nzvimbo yekutanga yekuchinjana mabhatiri yeNIO muSweden yakavhurwa muna uye pakupera kwa2022, nzvimbo gumi dzekuchinjana mabhatiri dzeNIO dzakanga dzavhurwa muNorway, Germany, Sweden neNetherlands. Kusiyana neNIO, ine nzvimbo dzekuchinjana mabhatiri dzinoshandira mota dzeNIO, nzvimbo dzeAulton dzinoshanda nekambani yekuChina inoshandisa nzvimbo dzekuchinjana mabhatiri dzinotsigira mhando makumi matatu kubva kumakambani gumi nematanhatu akasiyana emotokari.

Kuchinjana mabhatiri kunogonawo kuva sarudzo inokwezva kune makambani emota dzeLDV, ayo mabasa avo anonyanya kugadzikana nenguva yekuchaja kupfuura mota dzemunhu. Kambani itsva yeUS Ample parizvino ine nzvimbo gumi nembiri dzekuchinjana mabhatiri munzvimbo yeSan Francisco Bay, inonyanya kushandira mota dzeUber dzinofamba nebhazi.

China ndiyo iri kutungamirawo mukutsinhana mabhatiri nemotokari dzevatakuri

Mareferensi

Macharger anononoka ane simba rakaderera pane kana kuti rakaenzana ne22 kW. Macharger anokasira ndeaya ane simba rakakwirira kupfuura 22 kW uye anosvika 350 kW. "Mapoinzi ekuchaja" uye "macharger" anoshandiswa achichinjana uye anoreva masoketi ekuchaja ega ega, zvichiratidza huwandu hwemaEV anogona kuchaja panguva imwe chete. "Mapoinzi ekuchaja" anogona kunge aine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuchaja.

Kare, murayiro waimbovepo, AFIR, kana yangobvumidzwa zviri pamutemo, waizova mutemo unosunga, uchitaura, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, daro guru pakati pemachaja akaiswa paTEN-T, migwagwa mikuru neyechipiri mukati meEuropean Union.

Mhinduro dzinokurudzira dzinobva pakutengeserana uye dzinosangana nematambudziko ekupa simba rakakwana pakumhanya kwemugwagwa mukuru.