Cov Qauv Hauv Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse Uas Them Nqi

Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm qhov kev thov them tam sim no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev them hauv tsev, cov chaw them rau pej xeem tau nce ntxiv kom muab kev yooj yim thiab kev nkag mus tau zoo ib yam li kev ntxiv roj rau cov tsheb ib txwm muaj. Hauv cov nroog loj, tshwj xeeb, qhov twg kev nkag mus rau kev them hauv tsev tsawg dua, cov chaw them rau pej xeem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv EV. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2022, muaj 2.7 lab qhov chaw them rau pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb, ntau dua 900 000 tau teeb tsa hauv xyoo 2022, kwv yees li 55% nce ntxiv ntawm xyoo 2021, thiab sib piv rau tus nqi loj hlob ua ntej muaj kev sib kis ntawm 50% ntawm xyoo 2015 thiab 2019.

Cov khoom them qeeb qeeb

Thoob ntiaj teb, muaj ntau tshaj 600 000 qhov chaw them qeeb rau pej xeem1tau teeb tsa rau xyoo 2022, 360 000 ntawm cov no nyob hauv Suav teb, ua rau cov khoom siv them qeeb hauv lub tebchaws muaj ntau dua 1 lab. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2022, Suav teb yog lub tsev rau ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov khoom siv them qeeb rau pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb.

Tebchaws Europe yog lub tebchaws thib ob, nrog rau tag nrho 460 000 lub tshuab them qeeb hauv xyoo 2022, nce 50% ntawm xyoo dhau los. Lub tebchaws Netherlands ua tus thawj coj hauv Tebchaws Europe nrog 117 000, ua raws li kwv yees li 74 000 hauv Fabkis thiab 64 000 hauv lub tebchaws Yelemees. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tshuab them qeeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau nce 9% hauv xyoo 2022, qhov kev loj hlob qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov lag luam loj. Hauv Kauslim Teb, cov khoom lag luam them qeeb tau nce ob npaug txhua xyoo, ncav cuag 184 000 qhov chaw them.

Cov khoom them ceev ceev

Cov chaw them ceev uas pej xeem siv tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, ua rau lawv mus tau deb dua thiab daws tau qhov teeb meem kev ntxhov siab, uas yog ib qho teeb meem rau kev siv EV. Ib yam li cov chaw them qeeb, cov chaw them ceev rau pej xeem kuj muab cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov neeg siv khoom uas tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau kev them ceev ntiag tug, yog li txhawb kom siv EV thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov pej xeem. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw them ceev tau nce 330 000 thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2022, txawm hais tias feem ntau (yuav luag 90%) ntawm kev loj hlob los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Kev siv cov chaw them ceev them rau qhov tsis muaj chaw them hauv tsev hauv cov nroog uas muaj neeg coob coob thiab txhawb nqa Tuam Tshoj lub hom phiaj rau kev siv EV sai. Tuam Tshoj muaj tag nrho 760 000 lub chaw them ceev, tab sis ntau dua ntawm tag nrho cov chaw them ceev rau pej xeem tsuas yog nyob hauv kaum lub xeev xwb.

Nyob teb chaws Europe, tag nrho cov khoom siv them ceev ceev muaj ntau tshaj 70 000 thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2022, nce li ntawm 55% piv rau xyoo 2021. Cov teb chaws uas muaj cov khoom siv them ceev ceev loj tshaj plaws yog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees (ntau tshaj 12 000), Fabkis (9 700) thiab Norway (9 000). Muaj lub hom phiaj meej meej thoob plaws European Union los txhim kho cov chaw them nqi rau pej xeem ntxiv, raws li tau qhia los ntawm kev pom zoo ib ntus ntawm Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Kev Siv Roj Av Lwm Txoj (AFIR), uas yuav teeb tsa cov kev cai them nqi hluav taws xob thoob plaws kev sib txuas lus hla tebchaws Europe (TEN-T) ntawm European Investment Bank thiab European Commission yuav ua rau ntau tshaj EUR 1.5 billion muaj thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2023 rau cov chaw siv roj av lwm txoj, suav nrog kev them nqi hluav taws xob sai.

Xyoo 2022, Tebchaws Meskas tau teeb tsa 6 300 lub tshuab them ceev ceev, kwv yees li peb feem plaub ntawm cov no yog Tesla Superchargers. Tag nrho cov khoom siv them ceev ceev tau txog 28 000 thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2022. Kev xa tawm yuav nrawm dua hauv xyoo tom ntej tom qab tsoomfwv tau pom zoo rau (NEVI). Txhua lub xeev hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Washington DC, thiab Puerto Rico tab tom koom nrog hauv qhov kev pab cuam, thiab twb tau muab USD 885 lab nyiaj txiag rau xyoo 2023 los txhawb kev tsim cov tshuab them thoob plaws 122 000 km ntawm txoj kev loj. Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Loj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm cov qauv tshiab hauv tebchaws rau cov tshuab them EV uas tau txais nyiaj los ntawm tsoomfwv kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib xws, kev ntseeg siab, kev nkag tau yooj yim thiab kev sib haum xeeb. ntawm cov qauv tshiab, Tesla tau tshaj tawm tias nws yuav qhib ib feem ntawm nws lub US Supercharger (qhov twg Superchargers sawv cev rau 60% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv them ceev ceev hauv Tebchaws Meskas) thiab Destination Charger network rau cov tsheb tsis yog Tesla EVs.

Cov chaw them nqi rau pej xeem tseem ceeb zuj zus kom thiaj li siv tau EV ntau dua

Kev siv cov chaw them hluav taws xob rau pej xeem kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag khoom EV yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv EV dav dav. Piv txwv li, hauv Norway, muaj kwv yees li 1.3 lub roj teeb hluav taws xob LDVs rau ib qho chaw them hluav taws xob rau pej xeem hauv xyoo 2011, uas txhawb nqa kev siv ntxiv. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2022, nrog ntau dua 17% ntawm LDVs yog BEVs, muaj 25 BEVs rau ib qho chaw them hluav taws xob rau pej xeem hauv Norway. Feem ntau, thaum cov feem ntawm cov roj teeb hluav taws xob LDVs nce ntxiv, qhov chaw them hluav taws xob ib qho piv ntawm BEV txo qis. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag khoom EV tsuas yog tuaj yeem txhawb nqa yog tias qhov kev thov them hluav taws xob tau ntsib los ntawm cov chaw siv tau yooj yim thiab pheej yig, los ntawm kev them hluav taws xob ntiag tug hauv tsev lossis ntawm chaw ua haujlwm, lossis cov chaw them hluav taws xob rau pej xeem.

Qhov sib piv ntawm cov LDV hluav taws xob rau ib lub tshuab them hluav taws xob pej xeem

Qhov chaw them nyiaj rau pej xeem ib feem ntawm roj teeb-hluav taws xob LDV hauv cov tebchaws xaiv piv rau roj teeb hluav taws xob LDV feem sib koom

Txawm hais tias PHEVs tsis tshua vam khom rau cov chaw them hluav taws xob rau pej xeem dua li BEVs, kev tsim txoj cai ntsig txog kev muaj chaw them hluav taws xob txaus yuav tsum suav nrog (thiab txhawb kom) them hluav taws xob PHEV rau pej xeem. Yog tias suav tag nrho cov LDV hluav taws xob rau ib qho chaw them hluav taws xob, qhov nruab nrab thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2022 yog kwv yees li kaum lub EVs rau ib lub charger. Cov teb chaws xws li Tuam Tshoj, Kauslim Teb thiab Netherlands tau tswj hwm tsawg dua kaum lub EVs rau ib lub charger thoob plaws xyoo dhau los. Hauv cov teb chaws uas vam khom rau kev them hluav taws xob rau pej xeem, tus lej ntawm cov chargers uas pej xeem siv tau tau nthuav dav ntawm qhov ceev uas feem ntau phim EV xa tawm.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qee lub khw uas muaj kev them nqi hauv tsev dav dav (vim muaj ntau lub tsev neeg ib leeg uas muaj lub sijhawm los teeb tsa lub charger) tus lej ntawm EVs ib qho chaw them nqi rau pej xeem tuaj yeem siab dua. Piv txwv li, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov sib piv ntawm EVs ib lub charger yog 24, thiab hauv Norway yog ntau dua 30. Raws li kev nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm EVs nce ntxiv, kev them nqi rau pej xeem tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws no, los txhawb kev siv EV ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb uas tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm them nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib piv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm EVs ib lub charger yuav txawv raws li cov xwm txheej hauv zos thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb.

Tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb dua li tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob rau pej xeem muaj yog tag nrho cov peev xwm them hluav taws xob rau pej xeem ib lub EV, vim tias cov chaw them hluav taws xob ceev tuaj yeem pab tau ntau lub EV dua li cov chaw them hluav taws xob qeeb. Thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev siv EV, nws ua rau muaj kev nkag siab tias lub zog them hluav taws xob muaj rau ib lub EV yuav siab, xav tias kev siv lub chaw them hluav taws xob yuav tsawg me ntsis kom txog thaum kev ua lag luam loj hlob thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hauv paus yuav ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Raws li qhov no, European Union ntawm AFIR suav nrog cov kev cai rau tag nrho cov peev xwm fais fab uas yuav tsum muab raws li qhov loj ntawm cov nkoj sau npe.

Thoob ntiaj teb, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub peev xwm them fais fab rau pej xeem ib lub tsheb fais fab LDV yog li ntawm 2.4 kW ib lub tsheb EV. Hauv European Union, qhov piv txwv qis dua, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm 1.2 kW ib lub tsheb EV. Kauslim muaj qhov piv txwv siab tshaj plaws ntawm 7 kW ib lub tsheb EV, txawm tias feem ntau cov chaw them fais fab rau pej xeem (90%) yog cov chaw them fais fab qeeb.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsheb fais fab LDV rau ib qho chaw them nyiaj rau pej xeem thiab kW rau ib lub tsheb fais fab LDV, 2022

Qhib

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov LDV hluav taws xob ib qho chaw them kW ntawm kev them pej xeem ib qho LDV hluav taws xob New Zealand Iceland Australia Norway Brazil Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Sweden Tebchaws Meskas Denmark Portugal United Kingdom Spain Canada Indonesia Finland Switzerland Nyiv Thaib Teb European Union Fabkis Poland Mexico Belgium Ntiaj Teb Ltalis Tuam Tshoj Is Nrias teb South Africa Chile Greece Netherlands Kauslim Teb 08162432404856647280889610400.61.21.82.433.64.24.85.466.67.27.8

• EV / EVSE (qauv hauv qab)
• kW / EV (axis sab saum toj)

Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob tau muaj muag hauv khw, cov tsheb thauj khoom siv roj teeb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem sib tw ntawm TCO nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom diesel ib txwm muaj rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, tsis yog hauv nroog thiab cheeb tsam xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv thaj chaw tsheb laij teb thiab tsheb thauj khoom hauv cheeb tsam thiab kev thauj mus los ntev. Peb qhov kev ntsuas uas txiav txim siab lub sijhawm uas ua tiav yog cov nqi them; roj thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm (piv txwv li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi diesel thiab hluav taws xob uas cov neeg tsav tsheb thauj khoom ntsib, thiab txo cov nqi kho); thiab CAPEX kev pab nyiaj txiag los txo qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi yuav tsheb ua ntej. Vim tias cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab cov haujlwm tib yam nrog cov nqi qis dua (suav nrog yog tias tus nqi luv nqi raug siv), qhov uas cov tswv tsheb xav kom rov qab tau cov nqi ua ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab seb puas yuav yuav lub tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob lossis ib txwm muaj.

Cov kev lag luam rau cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob hauv kev siv deb tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo yog tias cov nqi them tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm kev ua kom "tawm-sijhawm" (piv txwv li hmo ntuj lossis lwm lub sijhawm ntev dua ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm), kev ruaj ntseg cov ntawv cog lus yuav khoom ntau nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv grid rau "nruab nrab-sijhawm" (piv txwv li thaum so), ceev (txog li 350 kW), lossis ceev heev (> 350 kW), thiab tshawb nrhiav kev them hluav taws xob ntse thiab cov cib fim tsheb-rau-grid rau cov nyiaj tau los ntxiv.

Cov tsheb thauj khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov tsheb npav yuav vam khom kev them hluav taws xob thaum tsis ua haujlwm rau feem ntau ntawm lawv lub zog. Qhov no feem ntau yuav ua tiav ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob ntiag tug lossis ib nrab ntiag tug lossis ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb pej xeem ntawm txoj kev loj, thiab feem ntau yog thaum hmo ntuj. Cov chaw nres tsheb los pabcuam kev thov kom muaj hluav taws xob hnyav yuav tsum tau tsim kho, thiab feem ntau yuav xav tau kev txhim kho cov phiaj xwm faib khoom thiab kis. Nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm lub tsheb, kev them hluav taws xob hauv chaw nres tsheb yuav txaus los them rau feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm hauv tsheb npav hauv nroog nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsheb thauj khoom hauv nroog thiab cheeb tsam.

Cov cai uas yuam kom muaj sijhawm so kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab lub sijhawm rau kev them nqi nruab nrab yog tias muaj kev xaiv them nqi ceev lossis ceev heev nyob rau ntawm txoj kev: European Union xav kom muaj 45 feeb so tom qab txhua 4.5 teev ntawm kev tsav tsheb; Tebchaws Meskas yuam kom 30 feeb tom qab 8 teev.

Feem ntau cov chaw them hluav taws xob ceev ceev (DC) uas muaj nyob hauv khw tam sim no ua rau muaj zog fais fab txij li 250-350 kW. uas European Council thiab Parliament tau txais suav nrog kev maj mam siv cov khoom siv rau cov tsheb thauj khoom hnyav uas siv hluav taws xob pib xyoo 2025. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no txog cov kev xav tau fais fab rau kev ua haujlwm tsheb thauj khoom hauv cheeb tsam thiab ntev hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Europe pom tias lub zog them hluav taws xob siab dua 350 kW, thiab siab txog 1 MW, yuav tsum tau them kom tag nrho cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm so 30- txog 45 feeb.

Pom qhov xav tau kev nthuav dav ntawm kev them hluav taws xob ceev lossis ultra-fast ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam thiab, tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm ntev kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev lag luam, xyoo 2022 Traton, Volvo, thiab Daimler tau tsim ib qho kev koom tes ua lag luam ywj pheej, Nrog EUR 500 lab hauv kev nqis peev ua ke los ntawm peb pawg tsim khoom hnyav, qhov kev pib no lub hom phiaj yog xa ntau dua 1 700 qhov chaw them hluav taws xob ceev (300 txog 350 kW) thiab ultra-fast (1 MW) thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe.

Tam sim no muaj ntau tus qauv them nqi uas siv tau, thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev them nqi ceev heev tseem tab tom tsim kho. Yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv them nqi thiab kev sib koom ua ke rau cov tsheb fais fab hnyav kom tsis txhob muaj tus nqi, kev tsis ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev cov nyom rau cov neeg xa khoom tsheb thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb thoob ntiaj teb uas yuav tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ua raws li txoj kev sib txawv.

Hauv Suav teb, cov neeg koom tes tsim kho Tuam Tshoj Hluav Taws Xob Council thiab CHAdeMO's "ultra ChaoJi" tab tom tsim tus qauv them rau cov tsheb fais fab hnyav rau ntau lub megawatts. Hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas, cov lus qhia rau CharIN Megawatt Charging System (MCS), nrog rau lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm. tab tom raug tsim los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Txheem (ISO) thiab lwm lub koom haum. Cov lus qhia kawg ntawm MCS, uas yuav xav tau rau kev xa tawm lag luam, xav tias yuav muaj rau xyoo 2024. Tom qab thawj qhov chaw them megawatt uas Daimler Trucks thiab Portland General Electric (PGE) muab hauv xyoo 2021, nrog rau kev nqis peev thiab cov haujlwm hauv Austria, Sweden, Spain thiab United Kingdom.

Kev lag luam ntawm cov chargers nrog lub zog ntsuas ntawm 1 MW yuav xav tau kev nqis peev ntau, vim tias cov chaw nres tsheb uas muaj kev xav tau hluav taws xob siab yuav raug nqi ntau hauv kev teeb tsa thiab kev txhim kho grid. Kev kho dua tshiab cov qauv lag luam hluav taws xob pej xeem thiab cov cai tswjfwm hluav taws xob, kev sib koom tes npaj thoob plaws cov neeg koom nrog thiab kev them hluav taws xob ntse tuaj yeem pab txhawb nqa ncaj qha los ntawm cov haujlwm sim thiab cov nyiaj txiag txhawb nqa kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb thiab kev siv thaum ntxov. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia txog qee qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov chaw them hluav taws xob MCS:

• Kev npaj cov chaw them hluav taws xob ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb loj ze ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw hloov pauv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txo cov nqi thiab nce kev siv lub tshuab them hluav taws xob.
• Kev sib txuas "loj raws li qhov loj" nrog kev sib txuas ncaj qha rau cov kab xa hluav taws xob thaum ntxov, yog li ntawd kwv yees qhov xav tau hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus uas muaj cov khoom thauj khoom ntau tau siv hluav taws xob, es tsis yog kev txhim kho cov kab hluav taws xob faib khoom ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv thiab lub sijhawm luv luv, yuav tseem ceeb heev rau kev txo cov nqi. Qhov no yuav xav tau kev npaj ua qauv thiab sib koom tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kab hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg tsim kho vaj tse them nqi thoob plaws cov lag luam.
• Vim tias kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab ke xa hluav taws xob thiab kev txhim kho lub network tuaj yeem siv sijhawm 4-8 xyoos, kev teeb tsa thiab kev tsim cov chaw them hluav taws xob tseem ceeb yuav tsum pib sai li sai tau.

Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev teeb tsa chaw cia khoom thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm cov peev xwm rov ua dua tshiab hauv zos, ua ke nrog kev them hluav taws xob ntse, uas tuaj yeem pab txo cov nqi kho vaj tse ntsig txog kev sib txuas ntawm lub network thiab cov nqi yuav hluav taws xob (piv txwv li los ntawm kev pab cov neeg tsav tsheb thauj khoom kom txo qis tus nqi los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi thoob plaws hnub, siv qhov zoo ntawm cov sijhawm tsheb-rau-grid, thiab lwm yam).

Lwm txoj kev xaiv los muab lub zog rau cov tsheb fais fab hnyav (HDVs) yog kev hloov roj teeb thiab cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ntawm txoj kev. Cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ntawm txoj kev tuaj yeem hloov lub zog mus rau lub tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm cov kauj inductive hauv txoj kev, lossis los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub tsheb thiab txoj kev, lossis los ntawm cov kab catenary (overhead). Catenary thiab lwm cov kev xaiv them hluav taws xob dynamic yuav muaj kev cia siab rau kev txo cov nqi ntawm qib system hauv kev hloov mus rau xoom-emission tsheb thauj khoom hauv cheeb tsam thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom ntev, ua tiav zoo hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam. Lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txo cov kev xav tau roj teeb. Kev thov roj teeb tuaj yeem txo qis ntxiv, thiab kev siv ntxiv zoo dua, yog tias cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ntawm txoj kev tau tsim los kom sib xws tsis yog nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom xwb tab sis kuj nrog cov tsheb fais fab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav xav tau cov qauv inductive lossis hauv txoj kev uas muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim qauv, thiab muaj peev txheej ntau dua. Tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ua rau muaj kev cov nyom loj zoo li cov kev tsheb ciav hlau, suav nrog kev xav tau ntau dua rau kev ua kom raug cai ntawm txoj kev thiab tsheb (raws li tau piav qhia nrog trams thiab trolley buses), kev sib raug zoo hla ciam teb rau kev mus ncig ntev, thiab cov qauv tsim kho vaj tse tsim nyog. Lawv muab kev ywj pheej tsawg dua rau cov tswv tsheb thauj khoom hauv cov kev thiab hom tsheb, thiab muaj cov nqi tsim kho siab tag nrho, txhua yam cuam tshuam rau lawv qhov kev sib tw piv rau cov chaw them hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj. Vim muaj cov teeb meem no, cov kab ke no yuav raug xa mus rau ntawm cov chaw thauj khoom siv ntau heev, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev sib koom tes zoo ntawm ntau tus neeg koom nrog pej xeem thiab ntiag tug. Kev tawm tsam ntawm txoj kev pej xeem txog niaj hnub no hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Sweden tau vam khom cov neeg sib tw los ntawm ob lub koom haum ntiag tug thiab pej xeem. Kev hu rau cov neeg tsav tsheb hluav taws xob kuj tseem tab tom txiav txim siab hauv Suav teb, Is Nrias teb, UK thiab Tebchaws Meskas.

Cov kev xav tau them nqi rau cov tsheb thauj khoom hnyav

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Pawg Sab Laj Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Thauj Mus Los Huv (ICCT) qhia tias kev hloov roj teeb rau cov tsheb fais fab ob lub log hauv cov kev pabcuam tsheb tavxij (piv txwv li tsheb kauj vab) muab TCO sib tw tshaj plaws piv rau kev them roj teeb BEV lossis ICE ob lub log. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev xa khoom kawg mais los ntawm ob lub log, kev them roj teeb tam sim no muaj qhov zoo dua ntawm TCO dua li kev hloov roj teeb, tab sis nrog cov nyiaj txhawb nqa txoj cai thiab qhov ntsuas zoo, kev hloov roj teeb tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv ua tau raws li qee qhov xwm txheej. Feem ntau, thaum qhov deb nruab nrab txhua hnub mus ncig nce ntxiv, lub tsheb fais fab ob lub log nrog kev hloov roj teeb yuav pheej yig dua li kev them roj teeb lossis cov tsheb roj av. Xyoo 2021, Lub Koom Haum Tsheb Kauj Vab Hloov Roj Teeb tau tsim los nrog lub hom phiaj los pab txhawb kev hloov roj teeb ntawm cov tsheb sib dua, suav nrog ob/peb lub log, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua ke ntawm cov lus qhia roj teeb.

Kev hloov roj teeb ntawm cov tsheb kauj vab hluav taws xob ob/peb lub log tau nce siab tshwj xeeb hauv Is Nrias teb. Tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj kaum lub tuam txhab sib txawv hauv kev ua lag luam Is Nrias teb, suav nrog Gogoro, lub scooter hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb thiab tus thawj coj hauv kev siv tshuab hloov roj teeb. Gogoro hais tias nws cov roj teeb siv hluav taws xob 90% ntawm cov scooter hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb Taipei, thiab Gogoro network muaj ntau tshaj 12 000 qhov chaw hloov roj teeb los txhawb ntau tshaj 500 000 lub tsheb kauj vab hluav taws xob thoob plaws cuaj lub tebchaws, feem ntau nyob hauv thaj av Asia Pacific. Gogoro tam sim no tau tsim kev koom tes nrog Zypp Electric hauv Is Nrias teb, uas khiav lub platform EV-as-a-service rau kev xa khoom kawg; ua ke, lawv tab tom xa 6 qhov chaw hloov roj teeb thiab 100 lub tsheb kauj vab hluav taws xob ob lub log ua ib feem ntawm qhov project pilot rau kev ua haujlwm xa khoom kawg hauv nroog Delhi. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 2023, lawv tau tsa, uas lawv yuav siv los nthuav lawv cov nkoj mus rau 200 000 lub tsheb fais fab ob lub log thoob plaws 30 lub nroog hauv Is Nrias teb los ntawm xyoo 2025. Sun Mobility muaj keeb kwm ntev dua ntawm kev hloov roj teeb hauv Is Nrias teb, nrog ntau qhov chaw hloov pauv thoob plaws lub tebchaws rau cov tsheb fais fab ob thiab peb lub log, suav nrog e-rickshaws, nrog cov neeg koom tes xws li Amazon Is Nrias teb. Thaib teb kuj pom hauv kev pabcuam hloov roj teeb rau cov tsheb tavxij maus taus thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb xa khoom.

Txawm hais tias feem ntau nyob hauv tebchaws Es Xias, kev hloov roj teeb rau cov tsheb kauj vab ob lub log uas siv hluav taws xob kuj tseem kis mus rau Africa. Piv txwv li, lub tuam txhab pib tsheb kauj vab hluav taws xob Rwandan ua haujlwm hloov roj teeb, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau kev pabcuam cov haujlwm tsheb kauj vab uas xav tau kev tsav tsheb ntev txhua hnub. Ampersand tau tsim kaum qhov chaw hloov roj teeb hauv Kigali thiab peb qhov hauv Nairobi, Kenya. Cov chaw no ua haujlwm ze li ntawm 37 000 qhov hloov roj teeb hauv ib hlis.

Kev hloov roj teeb rau ob/peb lub log muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus nqi

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tsheb thauj khoom, kev hloov roj teeb tuaj yeem muaj qhov zoo dua li kev them ceev heev. Ua ntej, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem siv sijhawm me me, uas yuav nyuaj thiab kim heev los ntawm kev them hluav taws xob raws li cable, xav tau lub charger ceev heev txuas nrog cov hluav taws xob nruab nrab mus rau siab thiab cov txheej txheem tswj roj teeb kim thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg roj teeb. Kev zam kev them ceev heev kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm ntev dua, kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej voj voog.

Kev siv roj teeb ua kev pabcuam (BaaS), kev sib cais kev yuav lub tsheb thauj khoom thiab lub roj teeb, thiab kev tsim daim ntawv cog lus xauj lub roj teeb, ua rau tus nqi yuav khoom ua ntej txo qis heev. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, vim tias cov tsheb thauj khoom feem ntau siv cov roj teeb lithium iron phosphate (LFP), uas ruaj khov dua li cov roj teeb lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), lawv zoo rau kev pauv pauv hauv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev pheej yig.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm kev tsim lub chaw nres tsheb yuav siab dua rau kev hloov roj teeb tsheb thauj khoom vim tias lub tsheb loj dua thiab cov roj teeb hnyav dua, uas xav tau ntau qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb los ua qhov kev hloov pauv. Lwm qhov teeb meem loj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov roj teeb raug teeb tsa rau qhov loj me thiab lub peev xwm, uas cov tsheb thauj khoom OEMs yuav pom tias yog qhov nyuaj rau kev sib tw vim tias kev tsim roj teeb thiab lub peev xwm yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob.

Tuam Tshoj yog tus thawj coj hauv kev hloov roj teeb rau cov tsheb thauj khoom vim muaj kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis los ua kom tiav kev them cable. Xyoo 2021, Tuam Tshoj lub koom haum MIIT tau tshaj tawm tias ntau lub nroog yuav sim siv thev naus laus zis hloov roj teeb, suav nrog kev hloov roj teeb HDV hauv peb lub nroog. Yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab tsim khoom loj hauv Suav teb, suav nrog FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, thiab SAIC.

Tuam Tshoj yog tus thawj coj hauv kev sib pauv roj teeb rau cov tsheb thauj khoom

Tuam Tshoj kuj yog tus thawj coj hauv kev hloov roj teeb rau cov tsheb thauj neeg. Thoob plaws txhua hom, tag nrho cov chaw hloov roj teeb hauv Tuam Tshoj sawv ze li ntawm thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2022, siab dua 50% piv rau thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2021. NIO, uas tsim cov tsheb hloov roj teeb thiab cov chaw hloov txhawb nqa, khiav ntau dua hauv Tuam Tshoj, tshaj tawm tias lub network npog ntau dua ob feem peb ntawm Tuam Tshoj av loj. Ib nrab ntawm lawv cov chaw hloov tau teeb tsa hauv xyoo 2022, thiab lub tuam txhab tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj ntawm 4 000 chaw hloov roj teeb thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm xyoo 2025. Lub tuam txhab lawv cov chaw hloov tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua 300 qhov hloov ib hnub, them txog li 13 lub roj teeb tib lub sijhawm ntawm lub zog ntawm 20-80 kW.

NIO kuj tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm los tsim cov chaw hloov roj teeb hauv Tebchaws Europe thaum lawv cov qauv tsheb uas muaj peev xwm hloov roj teeb tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov lag luam European thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2022. Lub chaw hloov roj teeb NIO thawj zaug hauv Sweden tau qhib rau xyoo thiab thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2022, kaum lub chaw hloov roj teeb NIO tau qhib thoob plaws Norway, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Sweden thiab Netherlands. Sib piv rau NIO, uas nws cov chaw hloov roj teeb pabcuam NIO tsheb, tus neeg teb xov tooj Aulton ntawm Suav teb txhawb nqa 30 tus qauv los ntawm 16 lub tuam txhab tsheb sib txawv.

Kev hloov roj teeb kuj tseem yuav yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau cov tsheb tavxij LDV, uas lawv cov haujlwm muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua rau lub sijhawm rov them dua li cov tsheb ntiag tug. Lub tuam txhab pib tshiab hauv Asmeskas Ample tam sim no ua haujlwm 12 qhov chaw hloov roj teeb hauv thaj chaw San Francisco Bay, feem ntau yog pabcuam Uber rideshare tsheb.

Tuam Tshoj kuj yog tus thawj coj hauv kev pauv roj teeb rau cov tsheb thauj neeg

Cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua piv txwv

Cov chaw them qeeb muaj qhov ntsuas fais fab tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 22 kW. Cov chaw them ceev yog cov uas muaj qhov ntsuas fais fab ntau dua 22 kW thiab txog li 350 kW. "Cov chaw them" thiab "cov chaw them" siv tau hloov pauv thiab xa mus rau cov qhov (sockets) them, uas qhia txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsheb EV uas tuaj yeem them tib lub sijhawm. "Cov chaw them" tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov chaw them.

Yav dhau los yog ib qho lus qhia, AFIR uas tau thov, thaum tau txais kev pom zoo raws cai, yuav dhau los ua ib txoj cai lij choj uas yuav tsum tau ua, uas teev tseg, ntawm lwm yam, qhov deb tshaj plaws ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob uas tau teeb tsa raws TEN-T, txoj kev tseem ceeb thiab txoj kev thib ob hauv European Union.

Cov kev daws teeb meem inductive yog ntxiv los ntawm kev lag luam thiab ntsib cov teeb meem los xa lub zog txaus ntawm txoj kev loj.