Zochitika pa Zomangamanga Zolipiritsa

Ngakhale kuti kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kutchaja kukukwaniritsidwa pakali pano pochaja nyumba, machaja opezeka pagulu akufunika kwambiri kuti apereke mwayi wofanana ndi wodzaza mafuta m'magalimoto wamba. M'madera okhala anthu ambiri, makamaka m'mizinda yodzaza anthu, komwe mwayi wochaja nyumba ndi wochepa, zomangamanga zochaja anthu onse ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti magalimoto a EV agwiritsidwe ntchito. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, panali malo ochaja anthu onse okwana 2.7 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, opitilira 900,000 omwe adayikidwa mu 2022, pafupifupi kuwonjezeka kwa 55% pa katundu wa 2021, komanso kofanana ndi kukula kwa 50% komwe kusanachitike mliri pakati pa 2015 ndi 2019.

Zoyatsira pang'onopang'ono

Padziko lonse lapansi, malo opitilira 600 000 oyitanitsa pang'onopang'ono1Zinakhazikitsidwa mu 2022, 360,000 mwa izo zinali ku China, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha ma charger ochedwa mdzikolo chifike pa oposa 1 miliyoni. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, dziko la China linali ndi ma charger ochedwa opitilira theka la chiwerengero cha padziko lonse lapansi.

Europe ili pa nambala yachiwiri, ndi ma charger ochedwa 460,000 mu 2022, kuwonjezeka kwa 50% kuchokera chaka chatha. Netherlands ikutsogolera ku Europe ndi ma charger ochedwa 117,000, kutsatiridwa ndi pafupifupi 74,000 ku France ndi 64,000 ku Germany. Chiwerengero cha ma charger ochedwa ku United States chinawonjezeka ndi 9% mu 2022, chomwe ndi chiwongola dzanja chotsika kwambiri pakati pa misika yayikulu. Ku Korea, stock yochedwa charger yawirikiza kawiri chaka ndi chaka, kufika pa 184,000 charger points.

Zoyatsira mwachangu

Ma charger ofulumira omwe amapezeka pagulu, makamaka omwe ali m'mbali mwa misewu ikuluikulu, amalola maulendo ataliatali ndipo amatha kuthana ndi nkhawa zakutali, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma EV. Monga ma charger ofulumira, ma charger ofulumira a boma amaperekanso njira zothetsera mavuto kwa ogula omwe alibe mwayi wodalirika wogwiritsa ntchito ma EV, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma EV m'madera ambiri a anthu. Chiwerengero cha ma charger ofulumira chinawonjezeka ndi 330,000 padziko lonse lapansi mu 2022, ngakhale kuti kukula kwakukulu (pafupifupi 90%) kunachokera ku China. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma charger ofulumira kumathandizira kusowa kwa ma charger apakhomo m'mizinda yokhala ndi anthu ambiri ndipo kumathandizira zolinga za China zogwiritsa ntchito ma EV mwachangu. China ili ndi ma charger ofulumira okwana 760,000, koma kuchuluka kwa ma charger onse ofulumira a boma kuli m'maboma khumi okha.

Ku Ulaya, katundu wonse wolipirira mwachangu anali oposa 70,000 pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, kuwonjezeka kwa pafupifupi 55% poyerekeza ndi chaka cha 2021. Mayiko omwe ali ndi katundu wambiri wolipirira mwachangu ndi Germany (oposa 12,000), France (9,700) ndi Norway (9,000). Pali cholinga chomveka bwino ku European Union chopititsa patsogolo zomangamanga zolipirira anthu onse, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi mgwirizano wanthawi yochepa pa Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), womwe udzakhazikitse zofunikira pakulipirira magetsi kudzera mu netiweki ya trans-European network-transport (TEN-T) pakati pa European Investment Bank ndi European Commission zidzapereka ndalama zoposa EUR 1.5 biliyoni pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2023 pa zomangamanga zamafuta ena, kuphatikizapo kulipirira mwachangu magetsi.

United States idakhazikitsa ma charger 6,300 ofulumira mu 2022, pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa anayi mwa iwo anali Tesla Supercharger. Chiwerengero chonse cha ma charger ofulumira chidafika 28,000 kumapeto kwa 2022. Kutumizidwa kwa ma charger ofulumira kukuyembekezeka kukwera m'zaka zikubwerazi pambuyo poti boma lavomereza (NEVI). Mayiko onse aku US, Washington DC, ndi Puerto Rico akutenga nawo mbali mu pulogalamuyi, ndipo apatsidwa kale ndalama zokwana USD 885 miliyoni mu 2023 zothandizira kupanga ma charger pamtunda wa makilomita 122,000 pamsewu waukulu. US Federal Highway Administration yalengeza miyezo yatsopano yadziko lonse ya ma charger a EV omwe amathandizidwa ndi boma kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi ogwirizana, odalirika, opezeka mosavuta komanso ogwirizana. Pa miyezo yatsopanoyi, Tesla yalengeza kuti itsegula gawo la US Supercharger yake (komwe Superchargers imayimira 60% ya chiwerengero chonse cha ma charger ofulumira ku United States) ndi netiweki ya Destination Charger kwa ma EV omwe si a Tesla.

Malo ochapira anthu onse akufunika kwambiri kuti magetsi a EV agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zomangamanga zochapira anthu poyembekezera kukula kwa malonda a EV ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a EV ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku Norway, panali magetsi amagetsi pafupifupi 1.3 a batire pa malo aliwonse ochapira anthu onse mu 2011, zomwe zinathandizira kuti ayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, pomwe ma LDV opitilira 17% anali ma BEV, panali ma BEV 25 pa malo aliwonse ochapira anthu onse ku Norway. Kawirikawiri, pamene gawo la ma LDV amagetsi a batire likukwera, chiŵerengero cha magetsi pa BEV chimachepa. Kukula kwa malonda a EV kungapitirirebe ngati kufunikira kwa magetsi kukukwaniritsidwa ndi zomangamanga zomwe zikupezeka mosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo, kaya kudzera mu kutchapira anthu m'nyumba kapena kuntchito, kapena malo ochapira anthu onse.

Chiŵerengero cha ma LDV amagetsi pa chojambulira cha anthu onse

Malo ochajira anthu onse pa chiŵerengero cha LDV ya batri ndi yamagetsi m'maiko ena poyerekeza ndi gawo la LDV yamagetsi ya batri

Ngakhale ma PHEV sadalira kwambiri zomangamanga zolipirira anthu onse kuposa ma BEV, kupanga mfundo zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kokwanira kwa malo olipirira anthu kuyenera kuphatikizapo (ndikulimbikitsa) kulipiritsa anthu onse kwa ma PHEV. Ngati chiwerengero chonse cha ma LDV amagetsi pa malo olipirira chiganiziridwa, avareji yapadziko lonse mu 2022 inali pafupifupi ma EV khumi pa cholipiritsa chilichonse. Mayiko monga China, Korea ndi Netherlands akhala ndi ma EV ochepera khumi pa cholipiritsa chilichonse m'zaka zapitazi. M'maiko omwe amadalira kwambiri kulipiritsa anthu onse, chiwerengero cha ma charger omwe amapezeka pagulu chakhala chikukulirakulira pa liwiro lomwe likugwirizana kwambiri ndi kuyikidwa kwa ma EV.

Komabe, m'misika ina yomwe imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwakukulu kwa ma charger panyumba (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyumba za mabanja amodzi zomwe zili ndi mwayi woyika charger), chiwerengero cha ma EV pa malo ochajira anthu onse chikhoza kukhala chokwera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, chiŵerengero cha ma EV pa charger ndi 24, ndipo ku Norway ndi choposa 30. Pamene kuchuluka kwa ma EV pamsika kukuchulukirachulukira, kutchajira anthu onse kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri, ngakhale m'maiko awa, kuti athandizire kugwiritsa ntchito ma EV pakati pa madalaivala omwe alibe mwayi wopeza njira zochajira kunyumba kapena kuntchito. Komabe, chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha ma EV pa charger chidzasiyana kutengera momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo komanso zosowa za madalaivala.

Mwina chofunika kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa ma charger apagulu omwe alipo ndi mphamvu yonse yochaja pagulu pa EV, popeza ma charger othamanga amatha kutumikira ma EV ambiri kuposa ma charger ochedwa. Poyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma EV, ndizomveka kuti mphamvu yochaja yomwe ilipo pa EV ikhale yokwera, poganiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma charger kudzakhala kotsika mpaka msika utakula ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga kukhale kogwira mtima kwambiri. Mogwirizana ndi izi, European Union pa AFIR ikuphatikizapo zofunikira kuti mphamvu yonse yamagetsi iperekedwe kutengera kukula kwa magalimoto olembetsedwa.

Padziko lonse lapansi, mphamvu yapakati yochapira anthu onse pa LDV yamagetsi ndi pafupifupi 2.4 kW pa EV. Mu European Union, chiŵerengerochi ndi chotsika, ndipo avareji ndi pafupifupi 1.2 kW pa EV. Korea ili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha 7 kW pa EV, ngakhale kuti ma charger ambiri a anthu onse (90%) ndi omwe amachaja pang'onopang'ono.

Chiwerengero cha ma LDV amagetsi pa malo ochapira anthu onse ndi kW pa LDV yamagetsi iliyonse, 2022

Tsegulani

Chiwerengero cha ma LDV amagetsi pa malo ochajira kW a anthu onse pa ma LDV amagetsi New ZealandIceland AustraliaNorwayBrazilGermanySwedenUnited StatesDenmarkPortugalUnited KingdomSpainCanadaIndonesiaFinlandSwitzerlandJapanThailandEuropean UnionFrancePolandMexicoBelgiumWorldItalyChinaIndiaSouth AfricaChileGreeceNetherlandsKorea08162432404856647280889610400.61.21.82.433.64.24.85.466.67.27.8

• EV / EVSE (mzere wapansi)
• kW / EV (mzere wapamwamba)

M'madera omwe magalimoto amagetsi akuyamba kupezeka pamsika, magalimoto amagetsi a batri amatha kupikisana pamaziko a TCO ndi magalimoto amagetsi a dizilo wamba kuti agwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana, osati m'mizinda ndi m'madera okha, komanso m'magawo a thirakitala ndi mathirakitala am'deralo komanso akutali. Magawo atatu omwe amatsimikiza nthawi yomwe ikufika ndi misonkho; ndalama zamafuta ndi ntchito (monga kusiyana pakati pa mitengo ya dizilo ndi magetsi omwe ogwira ntchito zamagalimoto amakumana nawo, ndi ndalama zochepa zokonzera); ndi ndalama zothandizira za CAPEX kuti achepetse kusiyana kwa mtengo wogulira magalimoto amtsogolo. Popeza magalimoto amagetsi amatha kupereka ntchito zomwezo ndi ndalama zochepa zogulira (kuphatikiza ngati mtengo wotsika ukugwiritsidwa ntchito), momwe eni magalimoto amayembekezera kubwezeretsanso ndalama zoyambira ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posankha ngati agule galimoto yamagetsi kapena yachizolowezi.

Zachuma za magalimoto amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mtunda wautali zitha kukonzedwa bwino kwambiri ngati ndalama zolipirira zitha kuchepetsedwa mwa kuwonjezera "ntchito yopuma" (monga nthawi yausiku kapena nthawi zina yayitali yopuma) kuyitanitsa pang'onopang'ono, kupeza mapangano ogulira zinthu zambiri ndi ogwira ntchito pa gridi yamagetsi kuti "agwire ntchito pakati" (monga nthawi yopuma), kuthamanga (mpaka 350 kW), kapena kuthamanga kwambiri (>350 kW), ndikufufuza mwayi wolipirira mwanzeru komanso mwayi wopeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku magalimoto kupita ku gridi yamagetsi.

Magalimoto amagetsi ndi mabasi adzadalira mphamvu zambiri zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pochaja nthawi zonse. Izi zidzachitika makamaka m'malo ochaja achinsinsi kapena achinsinsi kapena m'malo ochitira masewera a anthu onse m'misewu ikuluikulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri usiku wonse. Malo ochapira magetsi omwe akuchulukirachulukira adzafunika kupangidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri angafunike kukonzedwanso kwa magiya ogawa ndi magiya. Kutengera ndi zofunikira pa malo oimika magalimoto, kuchapira malo ochapira kudzakwanira kugwira ntchito zambiri m'mabasi akumatauni komanso m'malo ochitira magalimoto akumatauni ndi m'madera osiyanasiyana.

Malamulo omwe amalamula nthawi yopuma angaperekenso nthawi yoti munthu adzalipire pakati pa nthawi yopuma ngati pali njira zolipirira mwachangu kapena mwachangu kwambiri paulendo: European Union imafuna mphindi 45 zopuma mukatha maola 4.5 aliwonse oyendetsa galimoto; United States imafuna mphindi 30 mukatha maola 8.

Malo ambiri ochajira mwachangu omwe amapezeka pamsika (DC) pakadali pano amapereka mphamvu kuyambira 250-350 kW. Bungwe la European Council ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo lidakwaniritsa njira yochepetsera pang'onopang'ono yogwiritsira ntchito zomangamanga zamagalimoto olemera amagetsi kuyambira mu 2025. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa zofunikira zamagetsi pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono komanso aatali ku US ndi Europe apeza kuti mphamvu yochajira yoposa 350 kW, komanso yokwera mpaka 1 MW, ingafunike kuti magalimoto amagetsi azitha kudzaza mphamvu zawo mkati mwa mphindi 30 mpaka 45.

Pozindikira kufunika kokweza mphamvu ya kuchaja mwachangu kapena mwachangu kwambiri ngati chofunikira kuti ntchito zonse za m'madera, makamaka, ziyende bwino paukadaulo komanso pazachuma, mu 2022 Traton, Volvo, ndi Daimler adakhazikitsa mgwirizano wodziyimira pawokha, Ndi ndalama zokwana EUR 500 miliyoni kuchokera ku magulu atatu opanga zinthu zazikulu, cholinga cha pulogalamuyi ndikuyika malo ochaja opitilira 1,700 mwachangu (300 mpaka 350 kW) ndi ultra-fast (1 MW) ku Europe konse.

Miyezo yambiri yochajira ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano, ndipo ukadaulo wokhudza kuchajira mwachangu kwambiri ukupangidwa. Kuonetsetsa kuti miyezo yochajira ikugwirizana kwambiri komanso kugwirira ntchito limodzi kwa magalimoto akuluakulu a EV kudzafunika kuti tipewe mtengo, kusagwira ntchito bwino, ndi zovuta kwa ogulitsa magalimoto ochokera kunja ndi ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zingapangidwe ndi opanga kutsatira njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ku China, opanga magetsi m'modzi mwa makampani opanga magetsi ku China Electricity Council ndi kampani ya CHAdeMO ya "ultra ChaoJi" akupanga muyezo wolipirira magalimoto amagetsi olemera mpaka ma megawatt angapo. Ku Europe ndi ku United States, zofunikira za CharIN Megawatt Charging System (MCS), zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya. zikupangidwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ndi mabungwe ena. Zomwe MCS ikufuna kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamalonda, zikuyembekezeka mu 2024. Pambuyo pa malo oyamba olipirira magetsi a megawatt omwe Daimler Trucks ndi Portland General Electric (PGE) adapereka mu 2021, komanso ndalama ndi mapulojekiti ku Austria, Sweden, Spain ndi United Kingdom.

Kugulitsa ma charger okhala ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka ya 1 MW kudzafuna ndalama zambiri, chifukwa malo ofunikira mphamvu zambiri adzawononga ndalama zambiri pakukhazikitsa ndi kukonza ma gridi. Kukonzanso machitidwe a bizinesi yamagetsi ya anthu onse komanso malamulo a gawo lamagetsi, kugwirizanitsa mapulani pakati pa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi izi komanso kuyatsa mwanzeru kungathandize Thandizo lachindunji kudzera mu mapulojekiti oyesera ndi zolimbikitsira zachuma kungathandizenso kuwonetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito magawo oyamba. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa zina zofunika kuziganizira popanga malo oyitanitsa magetsi ovomerezedwa a MCS:

• Kukonzekera malo ochapira magetsi m'malo osungira magalimoto akuluakulu pafupi ndi mizere yotumizira magetsi ndi malo osinthira magetsi kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera ndalama ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito ma charger.
• Kulumikizana "koyenera" ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji ku mizere yotumizira magetsi pachiyambi, motero kuyembekezera zosowa za mphamvu za dongosolo lomwe kuchuluka kwa ntchito zonyamula katundu kwagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'malo mokweza ma gridi ogawa nthawi yomweyo komanso kwakanthawi kochepa, kudzakhala kofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse ndalama. Izi zidzafuna kukonzekera bwino komanso kogwirizana pakati pa ogwira ntchito pa gridi ndi opanga zomangamanga omwe amalipiritsa ndalama m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
• Popeza kulumikizana kwa makina otumizira magiya ndi kukweza magiya kungatenge zaka 4-8, kukonza malo ndi kumanga malo ochapira zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuyenera kuyamba mwachangu momwe zingathere.

Mayankho akuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malo osungiramo zinthu osasinthika ndikuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa m'deralo, kuphatikiza ndi kuyitanitsa mwanzeru, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwa gridi ndi ndalama zogulira magetsi (monga mwa kulola oyendetsa magalimoto akuluakulu kuchepetsa mtengo mwa kugawa mitengo mosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto kuchokera ku gridi kupita ku gridi, ndi zina zotero).

Njira zina zoperekera magetsi ku magalimoto akuluakulu amagetsi (HDVs) ndi kusinthana mabatire ndi machitidwe amagetsi amisewu. Machitidwe amagetsi amisewu amatha kusamutsa magetsi kupita ku galimoto yayikulu kudzera mu ma coil oyendetsera msewu, kapena kudzera mu kulumikizana kwa conductive pakati pa galimoto ndi msewu, kapena kudzera mu catenary (overhead). Catenary ndi njira zina zolipirira mphamvu zitha kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chochepetsa ndalama zamakina a yunivesite posintha kukhala magalimoto apakati komanso akutali, zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito poganizira ndalama zonse ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Zingathandizenso kuchepetsa zosowa za batire. Kufunika kwa batire kungachepe kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kungawongoleredwenso, ngati machitidwe amagetsi a misewu apangidwa kuti azigwirizana osati ndi magalimoto akuluakulu okha komanso magalimoto amagetsi. Komabe, njira zotere zingafunike mapangidwe oyendetsera kapena mkati mwa msewu omwe amabwera ndi zopinga zazikulu pankhani ya chitukuko ndi kapangidwe ka ukadaulo, ndipo amadya ndalama zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, machitidwe amagetsi amisewu amabweretsa mavuto akulu ofanana ndi a gawo la njanji, kuphatikiza kufunikira kwakukulu kwa njira ndi magalimoto (monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi ma tram ndi mabasi a trolley), kuyanjana kudutsa malire a maulendo ataliatali, ndi mitundu yoyenera ya umwini wa zomangamanga. Amapereka kusinthasintha kochepa kwa eni magalimoto akuluakulu pankhani ya misewu ndi mitundu ya magalimoto, ndipo ali ndi ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera ntchito, zonse zomwe zimakhudza mpikisano wawo poyerekeza ndi malo ochapira nthawi zonse. Popeza pali zovuta izi, machitidwe oterewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino kwambiri poyamba m'misewu yonyamula katundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zingaphatikizepo mgwirizano wapafupi pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi anthu wamba komanso omwe ali ndi chidwi. Ziwonetsero pamisewu ya anthu mpaka pano ku Germany ndi Sweden zakhala zikudalira akatswiri ochokera ku mabungwe achinsinsi komanso aboma. Kupempha oyendetsa magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi kukuganiziridwanso ku China, India, UK ndi United States.

Zofunikira pakuchaja magalimoto olemera

Kusanthula kwa International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) kukusonyeza kuti kusinthana mabatire amagetsi a mawilo awiri mu ntchito za taxi (monga ma taxi a njinga) kumapereka TCO yopikisana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma BEV kapena mawilo awiri a ICE omwe amachajitsa malo. Pankhani yotumiza ma mile yomaliza kudzera pa galimoto ya mawilo awiri, kutchajitsa malo pakadali pano kuli ndi ubwino wa TCO kuposa kusinthana mabatire, koma ndi mfundo zoyenera komanso kukula, kusinthana kungakhale njira yabwino pazifukwa zina. Kawirikawiri, pamene mtunda wapakati woyenda tsiku lililonse ukuwonjezeka, galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi ya mawilo awiri yokhala ndi kusinthana mabatire imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa magalimoto ochajitsa malo kapena mafuta. Mu 2021, Swappable Batteries Motorcycle Consortium idakhazikitsidwa ndi cholinga chothandizira kusinthana mabatire a magalimoto opepuka, kuphatikiza mawilo awiri/atatu, pogwira ntchito limodzi pazinthu zomwe mabatire amafanana.

Kusinthana kwa mabatire amagetsi a mawilo awiri/atatu kukukulirakulira kwambiri ku India. Pakadali pano pali makampani oposa khumi osiyanasiyana pamsika waku India, kuphatikiza Gogoro, kampani yotsogola paukadaulo wosinthana mabatire ndi ma scooter amagetsi ku Taipei ku China. Gogoro imati mabatire ake amagwiritsa ntchito 90% ya ma scooter amagetsi ku Taipei ku China, ndipo netiweki ya Gogoro ili ndi malo osinthira mabatire opitilira 12,000 othandizira mawilo awiri amagetsi opitilira 500,000 m'maiko asanu ndi anayi, makamaka m'chigawo cha Asia Pacific. Gogoro tsopano yapanga mgwirizano ndi Zypp Electric yaku India, yomwe imayendetsa nsanja ya EV-as-a-service yotumizira mawilo otsiriza; pamodzi, akuyika malo 6 osinthira mabatire ndi mawilo awiri amagetsi 100 ngati gawo la pulojekiti yoyesera yotumizira mawilo otsiriza a bizinesi mumzinda wa Delhi. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2023, adasonkhanitsa ma helikopita omwe adzagwiritse ntchito kukulitsa magalimoto awo kufika pa magalimoto 200,000 amagetsi m'mizinda 30 yaku India pofika chaka cha 2025. Sun Mobility ili ndi mbiri yakale yosinthana mabatire ku India, ndi malo osinthirana mabatire m'dziko lonselo a magalimoto amagetsi ...

Ngakhale kuti ku Asia kuli kofala kwambiri, kusinthana mabatire ndi mawilo awiri amagetsi kukufalikiranso ku Africa. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yoyambira njinga zamoto zamagetsi ku Rwanda imagwiritsa ntchito malo osinthira mabatire, makamaka popereka ntchito zama taxi a njinga zamoto zomwe zimafuna kuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali tsiku lililonse. Ampersand yamanga malo khumi osinthira mabatire ku Kigali ndi atatu ku Nairobi, Kenya. Malo awa amagwira ntchito pafupifupi 37,000 osinthira mabatire pamwezi.

Kusinthana kwa mabatire a magalimoto awiri/atatu kumapereka ubwino pamtengo

Makamaka kwa magalimoto akuluakulu, kusinthana mabatire kungakhale ndi ubwino waukulu kuposa kutchaja mwachangu kwambiri. Choyamba, kusinthana kungatenge nthawi yochepa, zomwe zingakhale zovuta komanso zodula kwambiri pochaja pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe, zomwe zimafuna charger yothamanga kwambiri yolumikizidwa ku ma gridi apakati mpaka apamwamba komanso njira zoyendetsera mabatire okwera mtengo komanso mankhwala a mabatire. Kupewa kutchaja mwachangu kwambiri kungathandizenso kuwonjezera mphamvu ya batire, magwiridwe antchito, komanso moyo wa nthawi yonse.

Battery-as-a-service (BaaS), yomwe imalekanitsa kugula galimoto ndi batri, komanso kukhazikitsa pangano lobwereka batri, imachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wogulira pasadakhale. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza magalimoto nthawi zambiri amadalira lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) batri chemistry, zomwe zimakhala zolimba kuposa mabatire a lithiamu nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), ndi oyenera kusinthana pankhani ya chitetezo ndi mtengo wake.

Komabe, mtengo womangira siteshoni mwina udzakhala wokwera posintha mabatire a galimoto chifukwa cha kukula kwa galimoto ndi mabatire olemera, zomwe zimafuna malo ambiri ndi zida zapadera kuti zisinthe. Cholepheretsa china chachikulu ndichakuti mabatire azikhala ofanana kukula ndi mphamvu inayake, zomwe ma OEM a galimoto angaone ngati zovuta kuti apikisane chifukwa kapangidwe ndi mphamvu ya mabatire ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakati pa opanga magalimoto amagetsi.

China ili patsogolo pa kusinthana mabatire a magalimoto akuluakulu chifukwa cha thandizo lalikulu la mfundo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangidwa kuti ugwirizane ndi kuyatsa mawaya. Mu 2021, MIIT yaku China idalengeza kuti mizinda ingapo idzayesa ukadaulo wosinthana mabatire, kuphatikiza kusinthana mabatire a HDV m'mizinda itatu. Pafupifupi makampani onse akuluakulu opanga magalimoto akuluakulu aku China, kuphatikiza FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, ndi SAIC.

China ili patsogolo pa kusinthana mabatire a magalimoto akuluakulu

China ndi mtsogoleri pakusinthana mabatire a magalimoto apaulendo. M'njira zonse, chiwerengero chonse cha malo osinthira mabatire ku China chinali pafupifupi kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, 50% kuposa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021. NIO, yomwe imapanga magalimoto osinthira mabatire komanso malo osinthira mabatire, imagwira ntchito zambiri kuposa ku China, ponena kuti netiwekiyi imaphimba magawo awiri mwa atatu a dziko la China. Theka la malo awo osinthira mabatire adakhazikitsidwa mu 2022, ndipo kampaniyo yakhazikitsa cholinga cha malo osinthira mabatire 4,000 padziko lonse lapansi pofika chaka cha 2025. Kampaniyo malo awo osinthira mabatire amatha kusinthana mabatire opitilira 300 patsiku, ndikuchaja mabatire 13 nthawi imodzi pamphamvu ya 20-80 kW.

NIO yalengezanso mapulani omanga malo osinthira mabatire ku Europe pamene magalimoto awo osinthira mabatire anayamba kupezeka m'misika yaku Europe kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022. Malo oyamba osinthira mabatire a NIO ku Sweden adatsegulidwa ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, malo khumi osinthira mabatire a NIO anali atatsegulidwa ku Norway, Germany, Sweden ndi Netherlands. Mosiyana ndi NIO, yomwe malo ake osinthira mabatire amatumikira magalimoto a NIO, malo osinthira mabatire aku China a Aulton amathandizira mitundu 30 kuchokera kumakampani 16 osiyanasiyana a magalimoto.

Kusinthana kwa mabatire kungakhalenso njira yokongola kwambiri kwa magalimoto a taxi a LDV, omwe ntchito zawo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pa nthawi yobwezeretsanso mphamvu kuposa magalimoto a anthu. Kampani yoyambira ku US ya Ample pakadali pano ili ndi malo 12 osinthira mabatire m'dera la San Francisco Bay, makamaka omwe amapereka magalimoto a Uber rideshare.

China ndi mtsogoleri pakusintha mabatire a magalimoto onyamula anthu

Zolemba

Ma charger ochedwa amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa kapena zofanana ndi 22 kW. Ma charger othamanga ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoposa 22 kW ndi mpaka 350 kW. "Ma charger points" ndi "charger" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana ndipo amatanthauza malo ochajira, kusonyeza chiwerengero cha ma EV omwe amatha kuchajira nthawi imodzi. "Malo ochajira" akhoza kukhala ndi malo ambiri ochajira.

Kale lamulo, lomwe AFIR yomwe ikuperekedwa, ikangovomerezedwa mwalamulo, lidzakhala lamulo lolimba, lonena kuti, pakati pa zinthu zina, mtunda wokwanira pakati pa ma charger omwe adayikidwa m'mbali mwa TEN-T, misewu yayikulu ndi yachiwiri mkati mwa European Union.

Mayankho oyambitsa zinthu amachokera kutali kwambiri ndi malonda ndipo akukumana ndi zovuta kuti apereke mphamvu zokwanira pa liwiro la msewu waukulu.