Kuchaja Mwachangu kwa Madzi Oziziritsa: Njira Yotsatira ya Zaka 5 Yochaja Ma EV

Yankho Lachangu:Kuchaja mwachangu koziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndiye njira yodziwika bwino yochaja mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (480kW ndi kupitirira apo) mpaka 2031, chifukwa kuzizira kwa mpweya sikungathe kupirira mphamvu yopitilira ya 500A–800A kudzera mu zingwe zochaja ndi ma module amphamvu popanda kukwera kwa kutentha kosavomerezeka, kulemera kwa chingwe, kapena kuwonongeka kwa cholumikizira. Mwa kufalitsa choziziritsira cha dielectric kudzera mu zozungulira zoziziritsa, zoyesedwa ndi IP68, ma charger oziziritsidwa ndi madzi amasunga kutentha kwa chingwe mkati mwa 50K, kuthandizira ma current ochaja a 500A+, kuthandizira nsanja zamagalimoto a 800V/1000V, ndikupereka mphamvu yosinthira yoposa 96.5% - kuchepetsa mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO) ndi 15–25% poyerekeza ndi zomangamanga zofanana zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya pamisewu yayikulu, malo oimika magalimoto, ndi malo osungira magalimoto.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• 500A ndiye maziko atsopano.Chojambulira cha 480kW pa 800V chimafuna mphamvu ya DC yopitilira 600A; zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi zokha zomwe zili ndi 500A–800A ndi zomwe zingabweretse ndi chingwe chomwe dalaivala angakweze.
• Kuzizira kumayenda kuchokera pa module kupita ku kuzungulira.Makampaniwa akusintha kuchoka pa ma module opumira mpweya, odzaza fumbi kupita ku ma module otsekedwa oziziritsidwa ndi madzi komanso ma module a IP65 odzipatula omwe ali ndi moyo wa maola 25,000+ wozizira.
• Kuchita bwino ndiye cholowa chobisika cha ROI.Siteshoni yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi yogwira ntchito bwino ndi 96.5% poyerekeza ndi chipangizo choziziritsidwa ndi mpweya cha 91–93% chimawononga mphamvu zochepa ndi 3.5–5.5 peresenti poyerekeza ndi kutentha — zomwe zimafunika ma euro masauzande ambiri pa siteshoni iliyonse pachaka pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya 480kW.
• Miyezo yakhala ikulowa kale mu chizolowezichi.IEC 61851-23:2023 imafuna kuti pulatifomu ya 1000V+ ithandizidwe komanso kuti chitetezo cha madzi chiziziziritsidwe malinga ndi IEC 62196-3:2022 chikhale chofunikira; ISO 15118 Plug & Charge ndi OCPP 2.0.1 tsopano ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa HPC yamalonda.
• Dongosolo la zaka 5 ndi 1MW+.Ma connector a MCS (Megawatt Charging System) omwe ali ndi mphamvu zokwana 1,500A ndi 600kW–1MW omwe amaziziritsidwa ndi madzi a magalimoto a EV ndi mabasi ndi omwe amafotokoza nthawi yotsatira yogulira.
• Kuziziritsa madzi sikofunikira pa 480kW+.Pa mphamvu zimenezi, kukula kwa chingwe, kulemera, ndi malire a kutentha zimapangitsa mfuti zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya kukhala zosagwira ntchito komanso zosatetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pamalonda.

Kuzama Kwambiri: Chifukwa Chake Kuziziritsa kwa Madzi Kumapambana Mphamvu Yoposa 480kW

Fiziki: Chifukwa Chake Kuzizira kwa Mpweya Kumachepa pa 500A

Mphamvu yochaja imachokera ku magetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Pa nsanja ya batri ya 800V, mphamvu ya 480kW imafunika600A ya DC yamakono— ndipo 600kW imafuna 750A. Kutentha kwa Joule mu chingwe ndi cholumikizira kumatsatira I²R, kotero kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yamagetsi kumachulukitsa kanayi kutentha komwe kumapangidwa mu mkuwa wa chingwe.

Zingwe za DC zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya zomwe zili ndi mphamvu ya 200–250A zimagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zazikulu za mkuwa komanso zotetezera kutentha kwambiri kuti zifalikire kutenthako. Kukulitsa njira imeneyo kufika pa 600A kumapanga chingwe chomwe ndi:

• Zolemera kwambiri(30kg+ pa cholumikizira chilichonse cha mfuti), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutopa kulephereke pamalo olumikizirana;
• Wokhuthala komanso wolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma plug-in ergonomics asakhale ovomerezeka kwa oyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku;
• Kuthamanga kwambiri pa pini yolumikizira, kufulumizitsa kukula kwa kukana kukhudzana, kupingasa, ndi kusintha cholumikizira msanga.

Kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kumathetsa kusiyana kumeneku. Choziziritsira chimadutsa m'njira zomwe zili pafupi ndi kondakitala, ndikutulutsa kutentha komwe kumachokera. Zotsatira zake ndi chingwe chovomerezeka cha 500A chokhala ndi pafupifupitheka la m'mimba mwake ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwakeya chofanana ndi mpweya wozizira, pamene kutentha kwa cholumikizira kukukwera kufika pa malire olamulidwa.

Kusamalira kutentha kwa chingwe ndi cholumikizira: kuzungulira koziziritsira kwa 500A–800A

Dongosolo lofunika kwambiri ndi chipangizo choziziritsira madzi chomwe chimazungulira choziziritsira kudzera mu mfuti yochajira. Chipangizo choziziritsira cha MIDA cha EV-HPC-PCU-01 — chopangidwiraMakina a chingwe chochapira choziziritsidwa ndi madzi a 500A— ndi kapangidwe koyimira ndipo kamasonyeza momwe ogwira ntchito mu envelopu ayenera kunenera:

Mfundo zazikulu zaukadaulo zomwe ogula ayenera kutsimikizira:

1. Chizunguliro choziziritsira cha dielectric chotsekedwa (IP68).Choziziritsira sichikhudza zamagetsi; kuzungulirako kumatsekedwa ndipo kumayikidwa mphamvu, zomwe zimachotsa kuipitsidwa ndi ndalama zowonjezera.
2. Chipinda chotenthetsera chogwira ntchito.Chipangizocho chiyenera kukweza kutentha kwa chingwe kufika pa ≤50K ngakhale pa50°C malo ozungulira— uku ndiko kusiyana pakati pa chojambulira chomwe chimasunga mphamvu yonse ya 500A m'chilimwe cha ku Spain ndi chomwe chimachepa ndi 30%.
3. Kulankhulana kosafunikira.Telemetry yochokera ku MODBUS imalola wowongolera siteshoni kuchotsa mphamvu yamagetsi asanawononge malire a kutentha, kuteteza cholumikizira ndi malo olowera galimoto.

Pa malo okhala ndi magalimoto ambiri, MIDA imaperekansomakina ozizira amadzimadzi okhala ndi mfuti ziwirizomwe zimatumikira zingwe ziwiri zamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera ku chizunguliro chimodzi choziziritsira, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zigawo pa malo oimikapo magetsi.

Kapangidwe ka module yamagetsi: ma module oziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndi ma duct a mpweya olekanitsidwa a IP65

Kupitirira 480kW, kuchuluka kwa kutentha mkati mwa kabati yamagetsi kumakhala vuto lachiwiri la kutentha. Makampaniwa agwirizana pa zomangamanga ziwiri zodalirika kwambiri:

• Ma module amphamvu oziziritsidwa ndi madzi (40kW–125kW).Choziziritsira chimaziziritsa mwachindunji ma baseplate a semiconductor amagetsi. Ma module awa amagwira ntchito yozizira komanso chete, amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pa raki iliyonse, ndipo amakondedwa kwambiri m'makabati a 600kW+ komwe mpweya sukwanira.
• Ma module a IP65 odzipatula a mpweya.Ma module awa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oimika pansi a 60kW–480kW, amakoka mpweya woziziritsa kudzera mu duct yotsekedwa yomwe sikhudza PCB. Fumbi, chifunga cha mchere, ndi chinyezi - zomwe zimapha kwambiri ma module okhazikika opumira mpweya - sizimafika pamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yapakati ilephereke kupitirira maola 500,000.

MIDA imalemba njira zonse ziwirizi m'njira zake zonse ziwirikuziziritsa kwa gawo lamagetsiKwa ogwira ntchito, zotsatira zake zenizeni ndimtengo wokonza: ma modules okhazikika opumira mpweya m'malo afumbi kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi zambiri amalephera mkati mwa miyezi 6-12, pomwe ma modules odzipatula ndi oziziritsidwa ndi madzi amakhala zaka zambiri popanda kutumizidwa kwa ntchito.

Silicon carbide (SiC): chothandizira cha semiconductor

Kuziziritsa madzi ndi SiC ndizogwirizana. Ma SiC MOSFET amasintha mofulumira ndipo amachita zinthu zochepa kuposa ma silicon IGBT, zomwe zimachepetsa kupanga kutentha poyamba — koma pa 600A+ output, ngakhale kutayika kwa SiC komwe kwakula kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu. Ma plate ozizira oziziritsidwa ndi madzi omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku ma module a SiC amapereka ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosinthira 96.5%+ zomwe tsopano akuyembekezera kuchokera ku zida za HPC, pomwe amalola makabati ang'onoang'ono omwe amakwanira madera ochitira ntchito pamsewu ndi malo opumulirako mumzinda.

Mulingo wa dongosolo: momwe siteshoni yoziziritsira madzi ya 480kW–720kW ilili kwenikweni

Siteshoni yamakono ya HPC yozizira ndi madzi (monga MIDA's)Malo ochapira a DC oziziritsidwa ndi madzi a 600kW) imagwirizanitsa:

• Zotsatira zosiyanasiyana:200V – 1000V DC, yomwe imagwira ntchito zombo zakale za 400V ndi nsanja zatsopano za 800V/1000V;
• Zolumikizira zingapo:CCS1, CCS2, CHAdeMO, GB/T (ndi mitundu yokonzeka ya NACS), yomwe imachaja magalimoto atatu nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku kabati imodzi;
• Zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi za 500Apa mfuti yamphamvu kwambiri;
• OCPP 1.6J / 2.0.1kuti muzitha kuyendayenda momasuka komanso kuti muzitha kuyatsa zinthu mwanzeru, kuphatikizakulinganiza katundu mwamphamvukuteteza kulumikizana kwa gridi;
• Pulagi ndi Chaja ya ISO 15118kuti zitsimikizidwe bwino, komanso pa hardware yokhoza kusinthasintha mbali zonse ziwiri, V2G/V2H power transfer;
• Envelopu yogwirira ntchito:−30°C mpaka +70°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangizozi zigwire ntchito kuyambira ku Siberia kupita ku Gulf.

Miyezo yomwe imapangitsa kuti kuziziritsa madzi kukhale kofunikira (2024–2030)

Aliyense amene akugula zida zamphamvu zoposa 480kW lero ndi amene ali ndiosatiKufotokoza IEC 61851-23:2023- zida zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malamulo, zikugula zinthu zomwe zasowa.

ROI / TCO: Nkhani Yabizinesi Yokhudza Kuziziritsa Madzi

Zipangizo zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi zimakhala ndi phindu la 10-20% pasadakhale kuposa zomwe zimaziritsidwa ndi mpweya. Masamu a TCO amawakondabe pazochitika zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pali zinthu zitatu zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera — mtengo wobwerezabwereza womwe umaphatikizana

Kusiyana kwa mphamvu yosinthira sikokongola. Yerekezerani siteshoni yozizira ndi madzi paKuchita bwino kwa 96.5%ndi chipangizo choziziritsa mpweya chotsika mtengo pa91–93%:

• Mbiri ya malo: siteshoni ya 480kW, imagwira ntchito maola 10 patsiku pa avareji ya 60% ya katundu (avareji ya 288kW yogwiritsidwa ntchito) →≈1.05 GWh/chakazoperekedwa.
• Kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito: 96.5% vs 93% →≈3.5% ya mphamvu yotuluka yomwe yatayika ngati kutentha→ ≈36,800 kWh/chaka zimawonongeka.
• Pa €0.15/kWh, ndiye kuti≈€5,500/chaka pa malo aliwonsemu ndalama zomwe zingapewedwe zamagetsi — musanaganizire kuchuluka kwa kuziziritsa, kukula kwa HVAC, ndi ndalama zomwe zimafunika kwambiri.

Pa nthawi ya zaka 5 ya zida pamalo atatu mpaka anayi, chinthu chimodzichi chimaposa mtengo wonse wa zida.

2. Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi kukonza — mtengo wobisika wa fumbi

• Ma module okhazikika opumira mpweya: kulowa kwa fumbi/chinyezi → nthawi zambiri kulephera kwa miyezi 6-12 m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena mafakitale → ndalama zotumizira + kusinthana kwa ma module pa chochitika chilichonse.
• Ma modules a IP65 odzipatula a mpweya / oziziritsidwa ndi madzi: MTTF > maola 500,000; mayunitsi ozizira otsekedwa adavotera maola 25,000.
• Zolumikizira zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi: kutentha kochepa kwa mapini → kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa kukana kukhudzana → kusintha kochepa kwa zingwe/mfuti (cholumikizira chingwe cha 500A ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri).

Bajeti yokwanira yokonza msewu waukulu wokhala ndi mfuti 6 zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya ndi2–4 × apamwambakuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi kuyika kofanana ndi madzi ozizira, makamaka chifukwa mafani, zosefera, ndi ma module opumira mpweya amalephera nthawi zonse.

3. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi ndalama zomwe zimalowa — nkhani yokhudza kufunika kwa zinthu

Pa msewu waukulu kapena malo oyendera magalimoto, nthawi ndi ndalama:

• Siteshoni yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi ya 480kW yokhala ndi zingwe za 500A imasunga mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba kwambiriyonsenthawi yochaja; malo ozizira ndi mpweya amawonongeka patatha mphindi 10-20, zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi ya nthawiyo ndi 30-50% m'chilimwe.
• Mphamvu yowonjezereka yokhazikika = magawo afupikitsa =magawo ambiri pa sitolo patsiku— ndalama zambiri zomwe CPO imalamulira zimathandizira kwambiri.
• Chipinda chimodzi cha 480kW chimalowa m'malo mwa 3–4 x 120kW kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mofanana ndi mphamvu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, kudula malo, mtengo wolumikizira gridi, ndi malo a CAPEX.

Kuyerekeza kwa TCO kwa zaka 5 (malo okwana 480kW pamsewu waukulu)

Mapeto ake ndi ofanana m'madera osiyanasiyana:Kuzizira kwa madzi kumachepetsa TCO ya zaka 5 ndi pafupifupi 20–35%pamlingo wogwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda, pamene madalaivala akuimirira pamzere kuti apeze zomwe akufunikira pa hardware. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za hardware, onani MIDA'sSiteshoni yochapira mwachangu ya 480kW DCmonga poyambira kufika pa malo ozizira ndi madzi.

Chiyembekezo cha Zaka 5 (2026–2031)

1. Kuchaja kwa Megawatt kufika chifukwa cha ntchito yaikulu.Ma connector a MCS omwe ali ndi mphamvu zokwana 1,500A ndi malo ozizira amadzimadzi a kalasi imodzi (1MW) adzakhazikitsa njira yofanana yolipirira magalimoto; kuyembekezera kuti makabati a 600kW–1MW azikhala ngati njira yodziwika bwino ku Europe ndi North America pofika chaka cha 2028.
2. Kuphatikizana kwa NACS kumafulumira.North America ikugwirizana ndi SAE J3400; mfuti zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi (CCS2 + NACS + GB/T) zimakhala zida zotumizira kunja.
3. Mapulatifomu a 1000V amakhala otchuka kwambiri.Ndi IEC 61851-23:2023 ndi mapangidwe a magalimoto a 800V/1000V, ma charger a sub-480kW adzataya pang'onopang'ono ma tender a fleet.
4. Kuziziritsa kumakhala chuma cha digito choyendetsedwa bwino.Kuwerengera kwa MODBUS/CAN pa ma loops ozizira kumadyetsa kusanthula kwa mitambo — kuneneratu kuchedwa, kuwunika thanzi la coolant, ndi nthawi ya O&M m'malo mwa ntchito yothandiza.
5. BESS + HPC yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi.Malo okhala ndi batri (mphamvu ya dzuwa + malo osungira + 600kW HPC) amachepetsa ndalama zolumikizira gridi ndi ndalama zolipirira kufunikira kwakukulu; ma module oziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndi omwe amathandiza kwambiri kutentha komwe kumapangitsa kuti kutumiza mphamvu ya 1MW kuchokera ku gridi yaying'ono kukhale kotheka.

FAQ

1. Kodi chojambulira cha EV choziziritsidwa ndi madzi n'chiyani?Chojambulira cha EV choziziritsidwa ndi madzi chimazungulira choziziritsira cha dielectric kudzera m'malupu otsekedwa mkati mwa kabati yamagetsi ndi cholumikizira cha chingwe/cholumikizira kuti chichotse kutentha. Mosiyana ndi mayunitsi oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya omwe amapukutira mpweya wozungulira (nthawi zambiri fumbi) pa zamagetsi, makina oziziritsidwa ndi madzi amasunga zinthuzo pa kutentha kotsika komanso kokhazikika, komwe kumalola mphamvu yamagetsi ya 500A+ yopitilira komanso kuthandizira kuchaja kwa 480kW–1MW.

2. N’chifukwa chiyani ma charger a 480kW+ amafunika kuziziritsidwa ndi madzi?Pa 480kW pa nsanja ya 800V, mphamvu yamagetsi imafika 600A; pa 600kW imafika 750A. Kutentha mu zingwe ndi zolumikizira kumafanana ndi sikweya ya mphamvu yamagetsi (I²R). Kuziziritsa mpweya kungafunike zingwe zokhuthala komanso zolemera kwambiri ndipo kungayambitse kuzizira kwambiri ndi kusokonekera kwa cholumikizira mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kumasunga kutentha kwa chingwe mkati mwa 50K ndipo kumakhala ndi mphamvu zonse pa gawo lonselo.

3. Kodi zingwe zochapira zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi zimatha kupirira mulingo wanji wamagetsi?Zingwe za DC zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi masiku ano zili ndi chiwerengero cha 500A–800A (CCS2/GB/T), ndipo mitundu ya NACS ili pa 250A–600A ndi zolumikizira za MCS/CHAOJI mpaka 1,500A kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pochaja megawatt. Chiwerengero cha zingwe chiyenera kufanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa ya siteshoni: siteshoni ya 480kW pa 800V imafuna mfuti yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi ya 600A.

4. Kodi chochapira choziziritsidwa ndi madzi chimagwira ntchito bwino bwanji kuposa choziziritsidwa ndi mpweya?Malo opumira mpweya oziziritsidwa ndi madzi komanso odzipatula amafika pa ≥96.5% mphamvu yosinthira AC-to-DC, pomwe mayunitsi opumira mpweya otsika nthawi zambiri amakhala pa 91-93%. Pa mphamvu ya 480kW ndi maola 10 ogwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, kusiyana kwa mfundo 3.5-5.5 kumawononga pafupifupi 36,000-58,000 kWh pamalo aliwonse pachaka - ma euro masauzande ambiri mu ndalama zamagetsi zomwe zingapewedwe.

5. Kodi ma charger oziziritsidwa ndi madzi amafunika kukonzedwa kwambiri?Ayi — nthawi zambiri zochepa. Chizunguliro cha coolant chimakhala chotsekedwa (IP68), kotero palibe zosefera kapena mafani oti zilowe m'malo. Magawo oziziritsira amawerengedwa kwa maola pafupifupi 25,000, ndipo ma module amphamvu odzipatula kapena oziziritsidwa ndi madzi ali ndi ziwerengero za MTBF kuposa ma module opumira mpweya, omwe nthawi zambiri amalephera mkati mwa miyezi 6-12 m'malo afumbi kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

6. Kodi kuziziritsa madzi ndikofunika pamtengo wokwera kwambiri pasadakhale?Inde pazochitika zilizonse zogwiritsira ntchito malonda. Mtengo wa hardware nthawi zambiri umabwezedwa mkati mwa miyezi 12-24 kudzera mu mphamvu yosinthira, kusintha ma module/ma chingwe ochepa, komanso magawo ochulukirapo a 30-50% pa sitolo iliyonse patsiku. Pamaziko a TCO ya zaka 5, malo oziziritsidwa ndi madzi a 480kW ndi otsika mtengo pafupifupi 20-35% pa sitolo iliyonse kuposa makina ofanana oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya.

7. Ndi miyezo iti yomwe imagwira ntchito pochaja mwachangu choziziritsidwa ndi madzi?Chimango chachikulu ndi IEC 61851-23:2023 (1000V+ DC output, insulation monitoring, high-power safety), IEC 62196-3:2022 (zofunikira pa cholumikizira choziziritsidwa ndi madzi ndi chingwe), ISO 15118-2/-20:2022 (Plug & Charge, bidirectional power), SAE J3400 (NACS), ndi OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwa netiweki ndi smart-charging. Ogula ayenera kufunikira zonsezi pa 480kW+ tender iliyonse.

MIDA Power (Shanghai Mida EV Power Co., Ltd.) imapanga ndikupanga malo ochapira mwachangu a DC oziziritsidwa ndi madzi kuyambira 480kW mpaka 720kW, makina a chingwe oziziritsidwa ndi madzi a 500A–800A, ndi ma module amphamvu a duct odzipatula a ntchito zochapira pamsewu waukulu, fleet, ndi megawatt-class. Lumikizanani ndi gulu lathu la mainjiniya kuti mupeze thandizo pa pulojekiti ya OEM/ODM.