Ukutshaja Okukhawulezayo Kokupholisa Ulwelo: Indlela Elandelayo Yeminyaka Emi-5 Yokutshaja I-EV

Impendulo ekhawulezileyo:Ukutshaja okukhawulezayo okupholisiweyo lulwelo yindlela ephambili yobuchwepheshe yokutshaja kwe-EV enamandla aphezulu (480kW nangaphezulu) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2031, kuba ukupholisa umoya ngokwasemzimbeni akunakukwazi ukugcina umsinga oqhubekayo we-500A–800A ngeentambo zokutshaja kunye neemodyuli zamandla ngaphandle kokunyuka kobushushu okungamkelekanga, ubunzima bekhebula, okanye ukonakala kwesixhumi. Ngokujikelezisa i-dielectric coolant ngee-loops zokupholisa ezivaliweyo, ezilinganiswe yi-IP68, iitshaja ezipholisiweyo lulwelo zigcina ukunyuka kobushushu bekhebula ngaphakathi kwe-50K, zivumele imisinga yokutshaja ye-500A+, zixhase amaqonga ezithuthi ze-800V/1000V, kwaye zinikeze ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa okungaphezulu kwe-96.5% - ukunciphisa iindleko zizonke zobunini (TCO) nge-15–25% xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo ezifanayo ezipholisiweyo ngomoya kwiindlela ezinkulu, kwiindawo zokumisa iilori, nakwiindawo zokugcina iinqanawa.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• I-500A yindlela entsha yokuqalisa.Itshaja ye-480kW kwi-800V ifuna i-600A ye-DC current eqhubekayo; ziintambo ezipholisiweyo lulwelo kuphela ezikumgangatho we-500A–800A ezinokuzisa ngentambo umqhubi anokuyiphakamisa.
• Ukupholisa kuhamba ukusuka kwimodyuli ukuya kwiluphu.Eli shishini liyatshintsha ukusuka kwiimodyuli ezivuthelwa ngumoya, ezivezwe luthuli ukuya kwiimodyuli ezivaliweyo ezipholisiweyo lulwelo kunye neemodyuli zomoya ezizimeleyo ze-IP65 ezinobomi beyunithi yokupholisa iiyure ezingama-25,000 nangaphezulu.
• Ukusebenza kakuhle yi-ROI lever efihliweyo.Isikhululo esipholileyo ngolwelo esisebenza kakuhle ngama-96.5% xa kuthelekiswa nesixhobo esipholileyo ngomoya esingama-91–93% sichitha amandla angaphantsi ngama-3.5–5.5 ekhulwini njengobushushu — sixabisa amawaka ee-euro kwindawo nganye ngonyaka xa kusetyenziswa amandla angama-480kW.
• Imigangatho sele ivaliwe kule ndlela.I-IEC 61851-23:2023 iyalela inkxaso yeqonga le-1000V+ kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lokupholisa ulwelo ngokwe-IEC 62196-3:2022; I-ISO 15118 Plug & Charge kunye ne-OCPP 2.0.1 ngoku zizinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-HPC yorhwebo.
• Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu yi-1MW+.Izihlanganisi ze-MCS (Megawatt Charging System) ezifikelela kwi-1,500A kunye nezikhululo ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo ezingama-600kW–1MW kwiilori ze-EV kunye neebhasi zichaza umjikelo wotyalo-mali olandelayo.
• Ukupholisa ulwelo akunyanzelekanga ukuba kusetyenziswe kwi-480kW+.Kula manqanaba ombane, ububanzi bekhebula, ubunzima, kunye nemida yobushushu kwenza izibhamu ezipholileyo ngomoya zingasebenzi kwaye zingakhuselekanga ekusetyenzisweni kwemihla ngemihla kwezorhwebo.

Ukuntywila Okunzulu: Kutheni Ukupholisa Ulwelo Kuphumelela Ngaphezulu Kwe-480kW

Ifiziksi: kutheni ukupholisa umoya kuphazamiseka kwi-500A

Amandla okutshaja yimveliso yevolthi kunye nomsinga. Kwiqonga lebhetri ye-800V, i-480kW ifunaI-600A ye-DC yangoku— kwaye i-600kW ifuna i-750A. Ukufudumeza iiJoule kwintambo kunye nesixhumi kulandela i-I²R, ngoko ke ukuphinda kabini amandla ombane kuphinda kane ubushushu obuveliswa kwintambo yobhedu.

Iintambo ze-DC ezipholisiweyo ngomoya ezilinganiswe kwi-200–250A zisebenzisa iindawo ezinkulu zobhedu kunye ne-insulation etyebileyo ukusasaza ubushushu. Ukwandisa loo ndlela ukuya kwi-600A kuvelisa intambo ethi:

• Inzima kakhulu(30kg+ ngesixhobo ngasinye sokudibanisa umpu), nto leyo ebangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokudinwa kwindawo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwesixhobo sokudibanisa;
• Iqinile kwaye iqinile, okwenza i-plug-in ergonomics ingamkeleki kubaqhubi bemihla ngemihla;
• Isebenza kakuhle kwi-connector pin, ukukhawulezisa ukukhula kokumelana noqhagamshelwano, ukugoba, kunye nokutshintshwa kwesixhumi ngaphambi kwexesha.

Ukupholisa ulwelo kuyawuphelisa lo mkhwa. Isipholisi sihamba ngemijelo esecaleni komqhubi, sikhupha ubushushu kumthombo. Isiphumo iba yintambo elinganiswe yi-500A enexabiso eliphantsi.isiqingatha sobubanzi kunye nesinye kwisithathu sobunzimayento elinganayo epholileyo emoyeni, ngelixa ibamba ukunyuka kobushushu besixhumi ukuya kumda olawulwayo.

Ulawulo lobushushu bekhebula kunye nesixhumi: iluphu yokupholisa ye-500A–800A

Inkqubo engaphantsi ebalulekileyo yiyunithi yokupholisa ulwelo ejikeleza i-coolant ngesibhamu sokutshaja. Iyunithi yokupholisa ye-MIDA's EV-HPC-PCU-01 — yenzelweIinkqubo zekhebula zokutshaja ezipholileyo zolwelo ezingama-500A— luyilo olumeleyo kwaye lubonisa ukusebenza okufanele kuqatshelwe ngabaqhubi beemvilophu:

Amanqaku abalulekileyo obunjineli abathengi ekufuneka bawaqinisekise:

1. Iluphu yokupholisa ye-dielectric evaliweyo (IP68).Isibandisi asizichukumisi izixhobo ze-elektroniki; iluphu iyavalwa kwaye icinezelwe, nto leyo esusa ungcoliseko kunye neendleko zokongeza.
2. Indlu yentloko esebenzayo yobushushu.Iyunithi kufuneka ibambe ukunyuka kobushushu bekhebula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-≤50K nokubaImozulu engama-50°C— lo ngumahluko phakathi kwetshaja egcina amandla apheleleyo e-500A ehlotyeni laseSpain kunye netshaja ehla nge-30%.
3. Unxibelelwano olungafunekiyo.I-telemetry esekelwe kwi-MODBUS ivumela umlawuli wesitishi ukuba asuse umbane ngaphambi kokuba kuphulwe imida yobushushu, nto leyo ekhusela zombini isixhumi kunye nendawo yokungena kwesithuthi.

Kwiindawo ezineemoto ezininzi, i-MIDA ikwabonelelaiinkqubo zokupholisa ulwelo olunemipu emibiniezisebenza ngeentambo ezimbini ezinamandla aphezulu ezivela kwiluphu enye yokupholisa, nto leyo enciphisa inani leenxalenye zesitayile ngasinye.

Uyilo lwemodyuli yamandla: iimodyuli ezipholileyo ngolwelo kunye nemijelo yomoya ehlukanisiweyo ye-IP65

Ngaphezulu kwama-480kW, uxinano lobushushu ngaphakathi kwikhabhathi yamandla luba yingxaki yesibini yobushushu. Eli shishini lidibene kwiindlela ezimbini ezithembekileyo kakhulu:

• Iimodyuli zamandla ezipholisiweyo lulwelo (40kW–125kW).Isibandisi sipholisa ngokuthe ngqo iipleyiti zesiseko ze-power semiconductor. Ezi modyuli zisebenza zipholile kwaye zizolile, zifikelela kubuninzi bamandla kwirakhi nganye, kwaye zikhethwa kwiikhabhathi ezingama-600kW+ apho umthamo womoya unganeli ngokwasemzimbeni.
• Iimodyuli ze-IP65 ezizimeleyo ze-air-duct.Zisetyenziswa kwizikhululo ezimi phantsi ezingama-60kW–480kW, ezi modyuli zitsala umoya opholileyo ngepayipi evaliweyo engachukumisi i-PCB. Uthuli, inkungu yetyuwa, kunye nokufuma — ezona zinto zibulala kakhulu iimodyuli ezisemgangathweni zomoya — azifikeleli kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, nto leyo eyandisa ixesha eliphakathi ukuya ekungasebenzini ngaphaya kweeyure ezingama-500,000.

I-MIDA ibhala zombini iindlela zayo kuzo zonkeukupholisa imodyuli yamandlaipotifoliyo. Kubaqhubi, isiphumo esisebenzayo kukubaiindleko zokugcina: iimodyuli ezisemgangathweni zomoya ongeniswayo kwiindawo ezinothuli okanye ezikunxweme zihlala zingasebenzi kakuhle kwiinyanga ezi-6-12, ngelixa iimodyuli ezizimeleyo kunye nezipholileyo ngolwelo ziphila iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokuthunyelwa kwenkonzo.

I-Silicon carbide (SiC): isixhobo esivumela i-semiconductor

Ukupholisa ulwelo kunye neSiC ziyahambelana. IiSiC MOSFET zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihamba ngelahleko eziphantsi kuneesilicon IGBTs, nto leyo enciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu kwasekuqaleni — kodwa kwimveliso ye-600A+, kwanelahleko eziphuculweyo zeSiC kufuneka zilawulwe ngokukhutheleyo. Iipleyiti ezibandayo ezipholisiweyo zibotshelelwe ngqo kwiimodyuli zeSiC zibonelela nge-96.5%+ yokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa ngoku abasebenzayo ngoku abakulindeleyo kwizixhobo ze-HPC, ngelixa bevumela iikhabhathi ezincinci ezihambelana neendawo zenkonzo yeendlela ezinkulu kunye neendawo zedolophu.

Inqanaba lenkqubo: ukuba isikhululo esipholileyo esingama-480kW–720kW sinjani ngokwenene

Isitishi se-HPC esipholileyo ngolwelo sanamhlanje (umz., ii-MIDA'sIsikhululo sokutshaja se-DC esipholileyo se-600kW) idibanisa:

• Uluhlu lwemveliso:I-200V – 1000V DC, egubungela iinqanawa ze-400V ezindala kunye namaqonga esizukulwana esilandelayo e-800V/1000V;
• Izihlanganisi ezininzi:I-CCS1, i-CCS2, i-CHAdeMO, i-GB/T (kunye neendidi ezilungele i-NACS), zitshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwizithuthi ezi-3 ngaxeshanye kwikhabhathi enye;
• Iintambo ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo ze-500Angesibhamu esinamandla aphezulu;
• I-OCPP 1.6J / 2.0.1yokuzulazula ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokutshaja okukrelekrele, kunyeukulinganisela umthwalo onamandlaukukhusela uqhagamshelo lwegridi;
• Iplagi kunye nokutshaja kwe-ISO 15118ukuqinisekiswa okungenamthungo, nakwi-hardware ekwaziyo ukubhekisa kwicala elinye, ukudluliselwa kwamandla kwe-V2G/V2H;
• Imvulophu yokusebenza:−30°C ukuya ku +70°C, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izixhobo zikwazi ukusebenza ukusuka eSiberia ukuya eGulf.

Imigangatho eyenza ukupholisa ulwelo kube yimfuneko (2024–2030)

Nabani na othenga izixhobo ze-480kW+ namhlanje othenga izixhobo ze-hardware ezisebenzisa amandla angaphezu kwama-480kWhayiI-IEC 61851-23:2023-ivumelana nemithetho, izixhobo ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo zithenga izinto ezilahlekileyo.

I-ROI / TCO: Ityala leShishini lokuPholisa ulwelo

Izixhobo ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo zinomvuzo ophambili we-10-20% ngaphezu kwezixhobo ezipholisiweyo ngomoya. Izibalo ze-TCO zisazithanda kuzo zonke iimeko ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokulawula iindleko:

1. Ukonga amandla — ixabiso eliphindaphindayo elidityaniswe

Umahluko ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuguqula awuyonto yobuhle. Thelekisa isikhululo esipholileyo ngolwelo kwiUkusebenza kakuhle kwe-96.5%kunye neyunithi epholileyo yomoya ephantsi e91–93%:

• Iprofayili yendawo: Isitishi se-480kW, sisebenza iiyure ezili-10 ngosuku kumthwalo oqhelekileyo we-60% (umthamo oqhelekileyo we-288kW) →≈1.05 GWh/ngonyakaihanjisiwe.
• Umsantsa wokusebenza kakuhle: 96.5% vs 93% →≈3.5% yemveliso elahlekileyo njengobushushu→ ≈36,800 kWh/ngonyaka ichithwa.
• Nge-€0.15/kWh, oko kukuthi≈€5,500/ngonyaka kwindawo nganyekwinkcitho yombane enokuthintelwa — ngaphambi kokuqwalasela umthwalo ophezulu wokupholisa, ubungakanani be-HVAC, kunye neentlawulo zemfuno ephezulu.

Kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 yezixhobo kwiindawo ezi-3-4, le nto ingaphezulu kwexabiso lehardware iyonke.

2. Ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokugcinwa — iindleko ezifihlakeleyo zothuli

• Iimodyuli ezisemgangathweni ezingenisa umoya: ukungena kothuli/ukufuma → ifestile yokusilela eqhelekileyo iinyanga ezi-6-12 kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni okanye kwimizi-mveliso → iindleko zokuhambisa + zokutshintsha iimodyuli ngesiganeko ngasinye.
• Iimodyuli zomoya ezizimeleyo ze-IP65 / ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo: MTTF > iiyure ezingama-500,000; iiyunithi zokupholisa ezitywiniweyo zinikwe umlinganiselo weeyure ezingama-25,000.
• Izihlanganisi ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo: amaqondo obushushu aphantsi eephini → ukukhula kancinci kokumelana nokuxinana → ukutshintshwa okuncinci kweentambo/imipu (indibano yeentambo ze-500A yinto ebalulekileyo).

Uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olusebenzayo lokulungisa indawo yendlela enomoya opholileyo enemipu emi-6 lufanelekile.2–4× ngaphezulukunokufakelwa okufanayo okupholisiweyo lulwelo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba iifeni, izihluzi, kunye neemodyuli zomoya ziyasilela rhoqo.

3. Ingeniso kunye nengeniso — icala elibhekiselele kwimfuno

Kwindawo yendlela okanye yeenqwelo-moya, ixesha liyingeniso:

• Isitishi esipholileyo ngolwelo esingama-480kW esineentambo ezingama-500A sigcina umbane ophezulu kwi-yonkeiseshoni yokutshaja; izikhululo ezipholileyo emoyeni ziyawohloka emva kwemizuzu eli-10–20, nto leyo eyandisa amaxesha eseshoni ngama-30–50% ehlotyeni.
• Amandla aphezulu ahlala ixesha elide = iiseshoni ezimfutshane =iiseshoni ezingaphezulu ngevenkile nganye ngosuku— eyona ngeniso inkulu elawulwa yi-CPO.
• Isitayile esinye se-480kW sithatha indawo yesitayile se-3–4 x 120kW ukuze sisebenzise amandla alinganayo emihla ngemihla, ukusika indawo, iindleko zoqhagamshelo lwegridi, kunye ne-CAPEX yendawo.

Uthelekiso lwe-TCO lweminyaka emi-5 olubonisayo (indawo yendlela engu-480kW)

Isiphelo siyahambelana kuzo zonke iindawo:ukupholisa ulwelo kunciphisa i-TCO yeminyaka emi-5 malunga nama-20–35%kumanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo, ngelixa abaqhubi besenza ukuba amava okutshaja abekwe emgceni. Ukuze ufumane isalathiso esineenkcukacha zehardware, jonga kwi-MIDA'sIsikhululo sokutshaja esikhawulezayo se-DC esingu-480kWnjengendawo yokungena kuluhlu olupholisiweyo lulwelo.

Imbono yeminyaka emi-5 (2026–2031)

1. Ukutshaja iMegawatt kufika ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima.Izihlanganisi ze-MCS ezilinganiswe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,500A kunye nezitishi ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo zeklasi ye-1MW ziya kwenza ukutshaja kwelori kube semgangathweni; lindela ukuba iikhabhathi ezingama-600kW–1MW zibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwiindlela ezinkulu eYurophu naseMntla Melika ngo-2028.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-NACS kuyakhawuleza.UMntla Melika udibana kwi-SAE J3400; izibhamu ezipholileyo zolwelo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu (CCS2 + NACS + GB/T) ziba zezona zithunyelwa ngaphandle.
3. Iiplatifomu ze-1000V ziba zizixhobo eziphambili.Ngoyilo lwezithuthi lwe-IEC 61851-23:2023 kunye ne-800V/1000V, iitshaja ezingaphantsi kwe-480kW ziya kulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci ziithenda zeenqwelo.
4. Ukupholisa kuba yimpahla yedijithali elawulwayo.I-MODBUS/CAN telemetry kwi-cooling loops inika ulwazi ngamafu — ukuqikelela kwangaphambili, ukujonga impilo ye-coolant, kunye ne-O&M schedule ithatha indawo yenkonzo yokusabela.
5. Ukudibana kwe-BESS + i-HPC epholisiweyo ngolwelo.Iindawo ezifakwe ibhetri (ilanga + indawo yokugcina + i-600kW HPC) zinciphisa iindleko zoqhagamshelo lwegridi kunye neentlawulo zemfuno ephezulu; iimodyuli ezipholisiweyo lulwelo zingumqolo wobushushu owenza ukuhanjiswa kombane weklasi ye-1MW ukusuka kwigridi encinci kube nokwenzeka.

FAQ

1. Yintoni itshaja ye-EV epholileyo engamanzi?Itshaja ye-EV epholisiweyo ngolwelo ijikeleza i-dielectric coolant ngee-loops ezivaliweyo ngaphakathi kwikhabhathi yamandla kunye nendibano yentambo yokutshaja/isixhumi ukuze isuse ubushushu. Ngokungafaniyo neeyunithi ezipholisiweyo ngomoya ezivuthela umoya ongqongileyo (ohlala unothuli) phezu kwe-elektroniki, iinkqubo ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo zigcina izinto zikwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi nelizinzileyo, elivumela umbane oqhubekayo we-500A+ kwaye uxhase ukutshaja kwe-480kW–1MW.

2. Kutheni iitshaja ezingama-480kW+ zifuna ukupholisa ulwelo?Kwi-480kW kwiqonga le-800V, umbane ufikelela kwi-600A; kwi-600kW ufikelela kwi-750A. Ubushushu kwiintambo kunye nezixhumi bufikelela kwisikwere sombane (I²R). Ukupholisa umoya kuya kufuna iintambo eziqinileyo nezinzima kwaye kuya kubangela ukuba isixhumi sitshise kakhulu kwaye siphele kwimizuzu embalwa. Ukupholisa ulwelo kugcina ubushushu bentambo bunyuka ngaphakathi kwe-50K kwaye kubamba amandla apheleleyo kulo lonke ixesha.

3. Ngowuphi umlinganiselo wangoku onokuxhaswa ziintambo zokutshaja ezipholileyo ngolwelo?Iintambo ze-DC ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo lwezorhwebo namhlanje zilinganiswe kwi-500A–800A (CCS2/GB/T), kunye neendidi ze-NACS kwi-250A–600A kunye nezihlanganisi ze-MCS/CHAOJI ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,500A zokutshaja i-megawatt. Umlinganiselo wentambo kufuneka uhambelane nombane wokukhupha wesikhululo: isikhululo se-480kW kwi-800V sifuna ubuncinane umpu opholisiweyo ngolwelo we-600A.

4. Itshaja epholiswe lulwelo isebenza kakuhle kangakanani kunetshaja epholiswe ngumoya?Izikhululo zombane ezipholileyo nezizimeleyo zifikelela kwi-≥96.5% yokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqula i-AC ukuya kwi-DC, ngelixa iiyunithi zomoya eziphantsi zihlala kwi-91-93%. Kwi-480kW kunye neeyure ezili-10 zokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla, loo msantsa wamanqaku angama-3.5-5.5 uchitha malunga ne-36,000-58,000 kWh kwindawo nganye ngonyaka - amawaka ee-euro kwiindleko zombane ezinokuphepheka.

5. Ngaba iitshaja ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo zifuna ukulungiswa okungakumbi?Hayi — idla ngokuba ngaphantsi. Iluphu yokupholisa ivalwe (IP68), ngoko ke akukho zihluzo okanye iifeni zokutshintsha. Iiyunithi zokupholisa zilinganiswa iiyure ezingama-25,000, kwaye iimodyuli zamandla ezizimeleyo okanye ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo zinezibalo ze-MTBF ezingaphezulu kakhulu kuneemodyuli zomoya, ezihlala zingasebenzi kwiinyanga ezi-6-12 kwiindawo ezinothuli okanye ezikunxweme.

6. Ngaba ukupholisa ulwelo kuyabiza ixabiso eliphezulu kwangaphambili?Ewe kuyo nayiphi na imeko yokusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo. Iprimiyamu yehardware idla ngokufunyanwa ngaphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12-24 ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqula, ukutshintshwa kwemodyuli/iintambo ezimbalwa, kunye neeseshoni ezingaphezulu ngama-30-50% kwisitayile ngasinye ngosuku. Ngokwesiseko se-TCO seminyaka emi-5, iindawo ezipholileyo ezingama-480kW ezingamanzi zibiza malunga nama-20-35% kwisitayile ngasinye kunezimo ezifanayo ezipholileyo ngomoya.

7. Yeyiphi imigangatho esebenzayo ekutshajeni ngokukhawuleza okupholisiweyo lulwelo?Isakhelo esiphambili yi-IEC 61851-23:2023 (1000V+ DC output, insulation monitoring, high-power safety), IEC 62196-3:2022 (iimfuno zesixhumi esipholileyo kunye nentambo), ISO 15118-2/-20:2022 (iPlug & Charge, amandla amabini), SAE J3400 (NACS), kunye ne-OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 yokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi kunye nokutshaja okukrelekrele. Abathengi kufuneka bazifune zonke ezi zinto kuyo nayiphi na i-480kW+.

I-MIDA Power (Shanghai Mida EV Power Co., Ltd.) iyila kwaye ivelise izitishi zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC ezipholileyo ngolwelo ukusuka kwi-480kW ukuya kwi-720kW, iinkqubo zekhebula ezipholileyo ngolwelo ze-500A–800A, kunye neemodyuli zamandla ezizimeleyo zeendlela ezinkulu, iinqanawa, kunye nezicelo zokutshaja zeklasi ye-megawatt. Nxibelelana neqela lethu lobunjineli ukuze ufumane inkxaso yeprojekthi ye-OEM/ODM.