Gushyushya vuba amazi mu gihe gito: Imyaka 5 iri imbere mu gushyushya amashanyarazi

Igisubizo cyihuse:Gushyushya vuba hakoreshejwe amazi ni icyerekezo cy’ikoranabuhanga gikuru cyo gusharija ingufu nyinshi za EV (480kW no hejuru yayo) kugeza mu 2031, kuko gukonjesha umwuka bidashobora kwihanganira 500A–800A ikomeza umuriro binyuze mu nsinga zo gushyushya n’amashanyarazi nta kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe ku buryo butemerwa, uburemere bw’insinga, cyangwa kwangirika kw’umuyoboro. Mu kuzenguruka icyuma gikonjesha cya dielectric mu miyoboro ifunze, ifite ubushobozi bwa IP68 bwo gukonjesha, chargers zikonjesha amazi zituma ubushyuhe bw’insinga buzamuka muri 50K, zigatuma 500A+ ibasha gushyushya, zigashyigikira platforms z’imodoka za 800V/1000V, kandi zigatanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu hejuru ya 96.5% - bikagabanya ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga (TCO) ho 15–25% ugereranije n’inyubako zingana na zo zikonjesha umwuka ku mihanda minini, aho imodoka zihagarara, n’aho imodoka zihagarara.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• 500A ni yo shingiro rishya.Shajara ya 480kW kuri 800V ikenera 600A y'umuvuduko wa DC uhoraho; insinga zikonjeshwa n'amazi zifite amanota 500A–800A ni zo gusa zishobora kuyitanga hakoreshejwe insinga umushoferi ashobora guterura.
• Gukonjesha biva kuri module bijya kuri ruziga.Inganda zirimo kuva kuri module zihumeka n’umuyaga, zirimo ivumbi zijya kuri module zifunze zikonjeshwa n’amazi n’imiyoboro y’umwuka ya IP65 ifite ubuzima bw’amasaha arenga 25.000 mu gukonjesha.
• Gukora neza ni cyo kintu kihishe gifasha mu gutanga inyungu.Sitasiyo ikonjeshwa n’amazi ikora neza ku kigero cya 96.5% ugereranyije n’iyakonjeshwa n’umwuka ikoreshwa ku kigero cya 91–93%, itakaza ingufu nkeya hagati ya 3.5–5.5% ugereranyije n’ubushyuhe - ifite agaciro k’amayero ibihumbi kuri buri santimetero ku mwaka ku gipimo cya 480kW.
• Amahame ngenderwaho yamaze gufatirwa mu musaruro.IEC 61851-23:2023 itegeka ko porogaramu ya 1000V+ ishyigikirwa n'ibisabwa mu gukonjesha amazi nk'uko biteganywa na IEC 62196-3:2022; ISO 15118 Plug & Charge na OCPP 2.0.1 ubu ni byo bishingirwaho mu gupima HPC y'ubucuruzi.
• Gahunda y'imyaka 5 ni 1MW+.Imiyoboro ya MCS (Megawatt Charging System) ifite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha amashanyarazi bugera kuri 1.500A na 600kW–1MW ku makamyo na bisi bya EV ni byo bigena urwego rw'ishoramari rukurikira.
• Gukonjesha amazi si amahitamo kuri 480kW+.Kuri izi ngufu, umurambararo w'insinga, uburemere, n'ubushyuhe ntarengwa bituma imbunda zikonjeshwa n'umwuka zidakora neza kandi zidateje akaga ku ikoreshwa rya buri munsi mu bucuruzi.

Kwibira mu mazi menshi: Impamvu gukonjesha amazi bitwara imbaraga zirenze 480kW

Fiziki: impamvu gukonjesha umwuka bigabanuka kuri 500A

Ingufu zo gusharija zikomoka kuri voltage na power. Kuri bateri ya 800V, 480kW ikenera600A y'umuyoboro wa DC— kandi 600kW ikenera 750A. Gushyushya Joule mu mugozi no mu muhuza bikurikiza I²R, bityo imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zikubye kabiri inshuro enye ubushyuhe bwakozwe mu mugozi.

Insinga za DC zikonjeshejwe n'umwuka zifite amanota angana na 200–250A zikoresha ibice binini by'umuringa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo zikwirakwize ubwo bushyuhe. Gushyira ubushyuhe kuri 600A bitanga insinga zikurikira:

• Biremereye cyane(30kg+ kuri buri teraniro ry'imbunda), bigatuma umunaniro unanirwa aho icyuma gitera imbaraga;
• Ubunini kandi bukomeye, bituma ergonomics zikoreshwa mu gusohora amashanyarazi zitemerwa ku bashoferi ba buri munsi;
• Ishyushye cyane ku gikoresho cyo guhuza, kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubudahangarwa bw’aho uhurira n’aho uhurira, guhagarara, no gusimbuza ibyuma bihuza n’aho uhurira ...

Gukonjesha amazi bigabanya ubu bufatanye. Konjesha inyura mu miyoboro yegereye icyuma gikonjesha, ikavana ubushyuhe aho isoko rituruka. Umuyoboro wa 500A ufite hafikimwe cya kabiri cy'umurambararo n'igice cya gatatu cy'uburemereby’ikigereranyo cy’umwuka ukonjeshejwe, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’umuhuza buzamuka kugeza ku rugero ntarengwa rugenzurwa.

Gucunga ubushyuhe bw'insinga n'ibihuza: uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwa 500A–800A

Sisitemu ntoya ni igice cy'ingenzi gikonjesha amazi gikwirakwiza icyuma gikonjesha mu mbunda isharira. Igice cyo gukonjesha cya MIDA cya EV-HPC-PCU-01 — cyageneweSisitemu zo gusharija zikoresha insinga zikonjesha amazi za 500A— ni igishushanyo mbonera kandi kigaragaza imikorere y'abakoresha amabahasha bagomba kugaragaza:

Ingingo z'ingenzi z'ubuhanga abaguzi bagomba kugenzura:

1. Umuyoboro w'amazi ufunze neza (IP68).Akamashini gakonjesha ntigakora ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga; uruziga rurafungwa kandi rugashyirwamo umuvuduko, bikuraho umwanda n'ikiguzi cyo kongeramo.
2. Icyumba cy'ubushyuhe gikora neza.Iki gikoresho kigomba gukomeza ubushyuhe bw'insinga kugeza kuri ≤50K ndetse no ku giheikirere kirimo ubushyuhe bwa 50°C— iri ni itandukaniro riri hagati y’icyuma gitanga umuriro gitanga 500A mu mpeshyi yo muri Esipanye n’ikindi gitanga 30%.
3. Itumanaho ridasanzwe.Telemetri ishingiye kuri MODBUS ituma umugenzuzi wa sitasiyo akuraho umuriro mbere y’uko imipaka y’ubushyuhe irenga, ibi bikaba birinda umuhuza n’aho imodoka yinjira.

Ku mbuga zikoresha imodoka nyinshi, MIDA itanga kandisisitemu zo gukonjesha amazi zikoresha imbunda ebyirizikoresha insinga ebyiri zikoresha ingufu nyinshi ziturutse ku murongo umwe wo gukonjesha, bigabanya umubare w'ibice bya buri cyumba.

Imiterere ya module y'amashanyarazi: modules zikonjeshwa n'amazi n'imiyoboro y'umwuka ya IP65

Hejuru ya 480kW, ubushyuhe buri mu kabati k'amashanyarazi buba ikibazo cya kabiri cy'ubushyuhe. Inganda zahujwe n'imiterere ibiri yizewe cyane:

• Modules z'ingufu zikonjeshwa n'amazi (40kW–125kW).Konjesha ikonjesha neza ibice by'inyuma by'amashanyarazi. Izi modules zikora buhoro kandi zituje, zigira imbaraga nyinshi kuri buri kirahuri, kandi zikundwa cyane ku makabati ya 600kW+ aho ingano y'umwuka idahagije.
• Modules za IP65 zometseho imiyoboro y'umwuka.Izi module zikoreshwa mu miyoboro ya 60kW–480kW yo hasi, zikurura umwuka ukonjesha unyuze mu muyoboro ufunze udakora kuri PCB. Ivumbi, umunyu n'ubushuhe - ibi byica cyane module zisanzwe zihumeka - ntibigera ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, bigatuma igihe cyo hagati kigera ku guhomba kirenga amasaha 500.000.

MIDA igaragaza uburyo bwombi bwo gukoreshagukonjesha module y'amashanyaraziporoteyineti. Ku bakoresha, ingaruka zifatika niikiguzi cyo kubungabunga: module zisanzwe zihumeka mu bidukikije by’umukungugu cyangwa ku nkombe akenshi zirananirwa mu mezi 6-12, mu gihe modules zonyine n’izikonjeshejwe n’amazi zigumaho imyaka myinshi zidahawe serivisi.

Karubide ya silikoni (SiC): igikoresho gifasha semiconductor

Gukonjesha amazi na SiC byuzuzanya. SiC MOSFET zihinduranya vuba kandi zikora ibihombo bike ugereranyije na silicon IGBTs, bigabanya ubushyuhe mu ntangiriro - ariko ku musaruro wa 600A+, ndetse n'igihombo cya SiC cyiza kigomba gucungwa neza. Amasafuriya akonjeshejwe amazi afatanye neza na SiC modules atanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu ku kigero cya 96.5% ubu abakora HPC biteze, mu gihe bifasha utubati duto dukwiranye n'uduce twa serivisi zo mu muhanda n'aho imijyi iherereye.

Urwego rwa sisitemu: icyo sitasiyo ikonjesha amazi ya 480kW–720kW ari cyo mu by'ukuri

Sitasiyo ya HPC igezweho ikonjeshwa n'amazi (urugero, MIDA'sSitasiyo yo gushyushya DC ya 600kW ikonjeshejwe n'amazi) bihuza:

• Ingano y'ibisohoka:200V – 1000V DC, ikubiyemo indege za kera za 400V n'ibikoresho bya 800V/1000V byo mu gisekuru gishya;
• Ibihuza byinshi:CCS1, CCS2, CHAdeMO, GB/T (n'izindi mashini ziteguye gukoresha NACS), zishyushya imodoka zigera kuri 3 icyarimwe uhereye ku kabati kamwe;
• Insinga 500A zikonjeshejwe n'amazikuri buri mbunda ifite imbaraga nyinshi;
• OCPP 1.6J / 2.0.1ku idirishya rifunguye no gusharija mu buryo bw'ubwenge, hamwe n'ibindikuringaniza imizigo ihindagurikakurinda imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi;
• Igikoresho cyo gushyiramo no gushyushya cya ISO 15118ku bijyanye no kwemeza neza ibintu mu buryo butagoramye, no ku bikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora impande ebyiri, kohereza ingufu za V2G/V2H;
• Ibahasha yo gukoresha:−30°C kugeza +70°C, bigatuma ibikoresho bitangira gukoreshwa kuva muri Siberiya kugera mu kigobe cy'inyanja.

Amahame agenga gukonjesha amazi ni itegeko (2024–2030)

Umuntu wese uguze ibikoresho bipima 480kW+ uyu munsi ni ndentabwoIEC 61851-23:2023 isobanura ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n'amazi, byujuje ibisabwa, irimo kugura imitungo yabuze aho ikorera.

ROI / TCO: Ikibazo cy'ubucuruzi mu gukonjesha amazi

Ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n'amazi bifite igiciro cya mbere cya 10-20% ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n'umwuka. Imibare ya TCO iracyabikunda muri buri kibazo gikoreshwa cyane. Hari ibintu bitatu bitwara amafaranga menshi:

1. Gukoresha neza ingufu — igiciro gihoraho kivangavanze

Itandukaniro mu mikorere y'impinduka si ubwiza. Gereranya sitasiyo ikonjeshwa n'amazi kuri96.5% by'imikorere myizahamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha umwuka muke kiri ku91–93%:

• Imiterere y'aho iherereye: Sitasiyo ya 480kW, ikora amasaha 10 ku munsi ku mutwaro mpuzandengo wa 60% (impuzandengo ya 288kW) →≈1.05 GWh/umwakabyatanzwe.
• Itandukaniro ry'imikorere myiza: 96.5% ugereranije na 93% →≈3.5% by'umusaruro utakaza nk'ubushyuhe→ ≈36,800 kWh/umwaka byatakaye.
• Kuri €0.15/kWh, ni ukuvuga≈€5,500/umwaka kuri buri kibanzamu gukoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo bushoboka — mbere yo gushyira mu byiciro imbaraga nyinshi zo gukonjesha, ingano ya HVAC, n'amafaranga menshi yo gukenera amashanyarazi.

Mu gihe cy'imyaka 5 y'ibikoresho ku mbuga 3-4, iki gicuruzwa kimwe kirenze igiciro cy'ibikoresho byose.

2. Igihe cyo gukora no kubungabunga — ikiguzi cyihishe cy'umukungugu

• Moduli zisanzwe zihumeka: ivumbi/ubushuhe bwinjira → Idirishya risanzwe ryangirika amezi 6-12 mu nkombe cyangwa mu nganda → ikiguzi cyo kohereza + ikiguzi cyo guhindura module kuri buri gikorwa.
• IP65 isolated air-duct / modules zikonjeshwa n'amazi: MTTF > amasaha 500.000; units zifunze zo gukonjesha zifite amanota 25.000.
• Ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n'amazi: ubushyuhe buke bw'imigozi → kwiyongera buhoro k'ubudahangarwa bw'imigozi → gusimbuza insinga/imbunda bike (guteranya insinga za 500A ni ikintu cy'ingenzi).

Ingengo y'imari ifatika yo kubungabunga ahantu hafite imbunda 6 zikonjeshwa n'umwuka nihejuru ya 2–4×kurusha uko byakorwa mu buryo bungana n’ubwo mu gukonjesha amazi, ahanini bitewe nuko abafana, abayungurura, n’ibikoresho bihumeka bidashobora gukomeza.

3. Umusaruro n'amafaranga yinjizwa — ikibazo cyo ku ruhande rw'ubusabe

Mu muhanda munini cyangwa ahantu hakorerwa ingendo z'imodoka, igihe ni cyo cyunguka:

• Sitasiyo ikonjesha amazi ya 480kW ifite insinga za 500A ikomeza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ku rugero rwo hejurubyoseigihe cyo gusharija; sitasiyo zikonjeshejwe n'umwuka ziragabanuka nyuma y'iminota 10-20, bikongera igihe cyo gukoranaho ho 30-50% mu mpeshyi.
• Imbaraga nyinshi zirambye = ibihe bigufi =imyitozo myinshi kuri buri kabati ku munsi— ni cyo kintu kinini cyinjiza amafaranga menshi CPO igenzura.
• Akabati kamwe ka 480kW gasimbura akabati ka 3–4 x 120kW gatanga ingufu zingana ku munsi, kugabanya ingufu, igiciro cyo guhuza amashanyarazi, n'aho kagenewe CAPEX.

Igereranya ry'ibiciro bya TCO ry'imyaka 5 (ahantu 480kW umuhanda munini)

Umwanzuro urahuye mu turere twose:gukonjesha amazi bigabanya TCO y'imyaka 5 ku kigero cya 20–35%.ku rwego rw'ikoreshwa ry'ubucuruzi, mu gihe utanga uburyo bwo gusharija abashoferi bakurikirana. Kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro birambuye ku bikoresho, reba MIDA'sSitasiyo yo gushyushya vuba ya DC ifite imbaraga za 480kWnk'aho binjirira mu gice gikonjeshwa n'amazi.

Icyerekezo cy'imyaka 5 (2026–2031)

1. Gutanga Megawatt bigeze ku isoko rikomeye.Ibikoresho bya MCS bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi bigera kuri 1,500A na sitasiyo zikonjesha amazi zo mu bwoko bwa 1MW bizagena uburyo amakamyo akoresha amashanyarazi ahagaze; biteganijwe ko amakabati ya 600kW–1MW azaba ari yo akoreshwa mu mihanda inyuranye mu Burayi no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bitarenze 2028.
2. Guhuza NACS byihutisha.Amerika ya Ruguru ihurira kuri SAE J3400; imbunda zikonjeshwa n'amazi (CCS2 + NACS + GB/T) ziba imbunda zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu kohereza mu mahanga.
3. Platifomu za 1000V ziba ingenzi.Hamwe n’imiterere y’imodoka ya IEC 61851-23:2023 na 800V/1000V, chargers zo munsi ya 480kW zizajya zitakaza amasoko y’imodoka buhoro buhoro.
4. Gukonjesha biba umutungo w'ikoranabuhanga ucungwa.Uburyo bwo gupima amakuru bwa MODBUS/CAN ku miyoboro yo gukonjesha butanga uburyo bwo gusesengura imiterere y'ibicu — gupima amakuru mbere y'igihe, kugenzura ubuzima bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha, no guteganya igihe bya O&M bisimbura serivisi yo gusubiza ibibazo.
5. BESS + HPC ikonjeshejwe n'amazi.Ahantu hakoreshwa batiri (izuba + ububiko + 600kW HPC) hagabanya ikiguzi cyo guhuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'amafaranga menshi yo gukenera; modules zikonjeshwa n'amazi ni zo zifasha mu gutanga ingufu za 1MW ukoresheje umuyoboro muto w'amashanyarazi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ishari ya EV ikonjeshwa n'amazi ni iki?Imashini ya EV ikonjeshwa n'amazi izenguruka icyuma gikonjesha cy'amashanyarazi binyuze mu migozi ifunze iri mu kabati k'amashanyarazi no mu gice cy'insinga/icyuma gihuza umuriro kugira ngo ikureho ubushyuhe. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n'umwuka bihuha umwuka uri mu kirere (akenshi uba ufite ivumbi) hejuru y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, sisitemu ikonjeshwa n'amazi zigumana ibice ku bushyuhe buri hasi kandi buhamye, ibyo bigatuma amashanyarazi ahoraho ya 500A+ kandi agashyigikira gusharija kwa 480kW–1MW.

2. Kuki chargers za 480kW+ zikenera gukonjesha amazi?Ku gipimo cya 480kW kuri platform ya 800V, umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ugera kuri 600A; kuri 600kW ugera kuri 750A. Gushyushya insinga n'ibihuza bipima umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kare (I²R). Gukonjesha umwuka byasaba insinga nini cyane kandi ziremereye kandi byatera gushyuha cyane no kwangirika mu minota mike. Gukonjesha amazi bituma ubushyuhe bw'insinga buzamuka muri 50K kandi bugafata imbaraga zose mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa.

3. Ni iyihe ngano y'amashanyarazi ishobora gushyigikirwa n'insinga zishyushya zikonjeshejwe n'amazi?Insinga za DC zikonjeshwa n'amazi muri iki gihe zifite amanota 500A–800A (CCS2/GB/T), aho NACS ifite 250A–600A n'ibihuza bya MCS/CHAOJI bigera kuri 1.500A kugira ngo ishakishe megawati. Igipimo cy'insinga kigomba guhuzwa n'amashanyarazi aturuka kuri sitasiyo: sitasiyo ya 480kW kuri 800V isaba nibura imbunda ikonjeshwa n'amazi ifite amanota 600A.

4. Ishari ikonjeshwa n'amazi irusha iyikonjeshwa n'umwuka ikora neza gute?Sitasiyo nziza zikonjeshwa n’izifite imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi zikoresha amazi n’izifite imiyoboro yihariye zigera kuri ≥96.5% ku buryo bwo guhindura AC kuva kuri DC kugeza kuri AC, mu gihe ibikoresho bifite umwuka muke bikunze kuba kuri 91-93%. Ku mbaraga 480kW n’amasaha 10 yo gukora ku munsi, icyo kinyuranyo cy’amanota 3.5-5.5 gitakaza hagati ya kWh 36.000-58.000 kuri buri kibanza ku mwaka - ibihumbi by’amayero mu kiguzi cy’amashanyarazi gishobora kwirindwa.

5. Ese chargers zikonjeshejwe n'amazi zikeneye kwitabwaho cyane?Oya — akenshi ni bike. Umuyoboro w’amazi ufunze neza (IP68), bityo nta mashini ziyungurura cyangwa abafana bagomba gusimbuza. Ibikoresho bikonjesha bihabwa amanota agera ku masaha 25.000, kandi modules z’amashanyarazi zikozwe mu buryo bwa 'isolation-duct' cyangwa modules zikonjeshwa n’amazi zifite imibare ya MTBF iruta cyane modules zihumeka, akenshi zinanirwa mu mezi 6-12 mu bidukikije by’umukungugu cyangwa ku nkombe.

6. Ese gukonjesha amazi bifite agaciro gakomeye mbere y'igihe?Yego ku ikoreshwa ry’ubucuruzi iryo ari ryo ryose. Igiciro cy’ibikoresho gikunze kugaruzwa mu mezi 12-24 binyuze mu gukoresha neza cyane, gusimbuza module/insinga bike, no kwiyongeraho 30-50% kuri buri duka ku munsi. Ku myaka 5, ahantu hakonjeshwa n’amazi 480kW hahendutse kuri buri duka ku kigero cya 20-35% ugereranyije n’aho hakonjeshejwe n’umwuka.

7. Ni ayahe mahame agenga gusharija vuba hakoreshejwe amazi?Urufatiro rw'ibanze ni IEC 61851-23:2023 (1000V+ DC output, insulation monitoring, high-power security), IEC 62196-3:2022 (ibisabwa mu guhuza amazi n'insinga), ISO 15118-2/-20:2022 (Plug & Charge, bidirectional power), SAE J3400 (NACS), na OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 kugira ngo umuyoboro n'amashanyarazi bikore neza. Abaguzi bagomba kubikenera byose kuri 480kW+ pinning iyo ari yo yose.

MIDA Power (Shanghai Mida EV Power Co., Ltd.) ikora kandi igakora sitasiyo zo gushyushya vuba za DC zikonjeshwa n'amazi kuva kuri 480kW kugeza kuri 720kW, sisitemu za 500A–800A zikonjeshwa n'amazi, hamwe na modules z'amashanyarazi za solitated-duct zo gukoresha mu mihanda minini, mu modoka nini, no mu cyiciro cya megawatt. Hamagara itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga kugira ngo uhabwe ubufasha ku mushinga wa OEM/ODM.