I-V2H V2G V2L Zithini iindlela zokutshaja ezibhekisa kwicala ngalinye?

Ziziphi iindlela zokutshaja ezisetyenziswa kwicala ngalinye?
Iitshaja ezibhekisa kwicala elinye zingasetyenziselwa usetyenziso olubini olwahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala nekuthethwa ngayo kakhulu yiVehicle-to-grid okanye iV2G, eyenzelwe ukuthumela okanye ukuthumela amandla kwigridi yombane xa imfuno iphezulu. Ukuba amawaka ezithuthi ezineteknoloji yeV2G zixhunyiwe kwaye zivuliwe, oku kunamandla okuguqula indlela umbane ogcinwa kwaye uveliswa ngayo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ii-EV zineebhetri ezinkulu nezinamandla, ngoko ke amandla adibeneyo amawaka ezithuthi ezineV2G anokuba makhulu kakhulu. Qaphela ukuba iV2X ligama elisetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha ukuchaza zonke iinguqulelo ezintathu ezichazwe ngezantsi.

Isithuthi-ukuya-kwigridi okanye i-V2G – i-EV ithumela ngaphandle amandla ukuxhasa igridi yombane.
Isithuthi ukuya ekhaya okanye i-V2H – Amandla e-EV asetyenziselwa ukunika amandla ikhaya okanye ishishini.
Isithuthi-esiya kulayisha okanye i-V2L * – i-EV ingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla izixhobo okanye ukutshaja ezinye ii-EV
* I-V2L ayifuni tshaja ejikelezayo ukuze isebenze

Ukusetyenziswa kwesibini kweetshaja ze-EV ezibhekisa kwicala elinye zezeMoto ukuya ekhaya okanye i-V2H. Njengoko amagama esitsho, i-V2H ivumela i-EV ukuba isetyenziswe njengenkqubo yebhetri yasekhaya ukugcina amandla elanga agqithisileyo kunye nokunika amandla ikhaya lakho. Umzekelo, inkqubo yebhetri yasekhaya eqhelekileyo, efana ne-Tesla Powerwall, inomthamo we-13.5kWh. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-EV eqhelekileyo inomthamo we-65kWh, olingana nee-Powerwalls zeTesla eziphantse zibe zintlanu. Ngenxa yomthamo webhetri omkhulu, i-EV etshajiweyo ngokupheleleyo inokuxhasa ikhaya eliqhelekileyo kangangeentsuku ezininzi ezilandelelanayo okanye ixesha elide xa idityaniswe ne-solar yophahla.

ukusuka kwisithuthi ukuya kwigridi – V2G
I-Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) kulapho inxalenye encinci yamandla ebhetri ye-EV egciniweyo ithunyelwa khona kwigridi yombane xa ifuneka, kuxhomekeke kwilungiselelo lenkonzo. Ukuze uthabathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ze-V2G, kufuneka itshaja ye-DC ejikelezayo kunye ne-EV ehambelanayo. Kakade ke, kukho izibonelelo zemali zokwenza oku kwaye abanini be-EV banikwa iikhredithi okanye iindleko zombane ezincitshisiweyo. Ii-EV ezine-V2G zinokwenza umnini ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yesityalo samandla esibonakalayo (VPP) ukuphucula uzinzo lwegridi kunye nokubonelela ngamandla ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu. Zimbalwa kuphela ii-EV okwangoku ezine-V2G kunye nokukwazi ukutshaja kwe-DC ejikelezayo; ezi ziquka imodeli yamva nje iNissan Leaf (ZE1) kunye neMitsubishi Outlander okanye i-Eclipse plug-in hybrids.

Nangona isasazwa, enye yeengxaki zokuqaliswa kwetekhnoloji ye-V2G yimingeni yolawulo kunye nokungabikho kwemigaqo yokutshaja ye-bidirectional standard kunye nezihlanganisi. Iitshaja ze-bidirectional, njengee-solar inverters, zithathwa njengolunye uhlobo lokuvelisa umbane kwaye kufuneka zihlangabezane nayo yonke imigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokuvalwa kwe-valve xa igridi ingaphumeleli. Ukuze boyise ezi ngxaki, abanye abavelisi bezithuthi, njengeFord, baphuhlise iinkqubo ezilula zokutshaja ze-AC bidirectional ezisebenza kuphela ngee-Ford EVs ukubonelela ngombane ekhaya endaweni yokuthumela ngaphandle kwigridi. Ezinye, ezifana neNissan, zisebenzisa iitshaja ze-bidirectional ze-universal ezifana neWallbox Quasar, ezichazwe ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngezantsi. Funda ngakumbi malunga neenzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-V2G.
Kule mihla, uninzi lwee-EV zixhotyiswe nge-CCS DC charge port eqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, i-EV ekuphela kwayo esebenzisa i-CCS port yokutshaja kabini yiFord F-150 Lightning EV ekhutshwe kutshanje. Nangona kunjalo, ii-EV ezininzi ezine-CCS connection ports ziya kufumaneka nge-V2H kunye ne-V2G kungekudala, njengoko i-VW ibhengeza ukuba iimoto zayo zombane ze-ID zinokunikezela nge-bidirection charging ngaxesha lithile ngo-2023.
2. Isithuthi esiya ekhaya – V2H
Isithuthi-ukuya-ekhaya (V2H) sifana neV2G, kodwa amandla asetyenziswa apha ekhaya ukunika amandla ekhayeni endaweni yokuba afakwe kwigridi yombane. Oku kwenza i-EV isebenze njengenkqubo yebhetri eqhelekileyo yasekhaya ukunceda ukwandisa ukuzimela, ingakumbi xa idibene nelanga eluphahleni. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nzuzo ibonakalayo yeV2H kukukwazi ukubonelela ngombane oxhasayo ngexesha lokucima kombane.

Ukuze i-V2H isebenze, ifuna itshaja ye-EV ehambelanayo necala elihambahambayo kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo, kuquka imitha yamandla (imitha ye-CT) efakwe kwindawo ephambili yoqhagamshelo lwegridi. Imitha ye-CT ijonga ukuhamba kwamandla ukuya nokubuya kwigridi. Xa inkqubo ibona amandla egridi asetyenziswa likhaya lakho, inika umqondiso kwitshaja ye-EV ecalahambahambayo ukuba ikhuphe inani elilinganayo, ngaloo ndlela isusa nawuphi na amandla athathwe kwigridi. Ngokufanayo, xa inkqubo ibona amandla athunyelwa ngaphandle kwi-solar array yophahla, ijika oku ukuze itshaje i-EV, efana kakhulu nendlela ezisebenza ngayo iitshaja ze-EV ezikrelekrele. Ukuze kusebenze amandla okugcina xa kukho ukucima kombane okanye imeko kaxakeka, inkqubo ye-V2H kufuneka ikwazi ukubona ukucima kwegridi kwaye ikwahlukanise kwinethiwekhi isebenzisa i-contactor ezenzekelayo (iswitshi). Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-islanding, kwaye i-inverter ecalahambahambayo ngokuyintloko isebenza njenge-inverter engaphandle kwegridi esebenzisa ibhetri ye-EV. Izixhobo zokwahlukanisa igridi ziyafuneka ukuze kusebenze ukusebenza kokugcina, njengee-inverters ezixutyiweyo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zebhetri yokulondoloza.