V2H V2G V2L Ni izihe nyungu zo gusharija ibyuma mu cyerekezo cy'ibiri?

Ni izihe nyungu zo gusharija ibintu mu cyerekezo cy'ibiri?
Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "bidirectional chargers" zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bubiri butandukanye. Iya mbere kandi ivugwa cyane ni Vehicle-to-grid cyangwa V2G, yagenewe kohereza cyangwa kohereza ingufu mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi iyo ukeneye ari mwinshi. Iyo ibihumbi by'imodoka zifite ikoranabuhanga rya V2G zicanywe kandi zigakoreshwa, ibi bishobora guhindura uburyo amashanyarazi abikwa kandi agakorwa ku rugero runini. Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs) zifite bateri nini kandi zikomeye, bityo imbaraga z'ibihumbi by'imodoka zifite V2G zishobora kuba nyinshi cyane. Menya ko V2X ari ijambo rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa mu gusobanura itandukaniro ryose ritatu ryavuzwe hano hepfo.

Imodoka ijya kuri grid cyangwa V2G – EV yohereza ingufu mu mahanga kugira ngo ishyigikire grid y'amashanyarazi.
Ingufu za EV zikoreshwa mu gutwara imodoka cyangwa mu rugo cyangwa mu bucuruzi.
Imodoka ijya gupakira cyangwa V2L * – EV ishobora gukoreshwa mu guha ingufu ibikoresho cyangwa mu gusharija izindi EV
* V2L ntisaba charger y'icyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri kugira ngo ikore

Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gukoresha charger za EV zo mu cyerekezo cy’ibice bibiri ni ukujyana imodoka mu rugo cyangwa V2H. Nk’uko amazina abivuga, V2H ituma EV ikoreshwa nk’uburyo bwa bateri yo mu rugo kugira ngo ibike ingufu zirenze imirasire y’izuba no gutanga ingufu ku nzu yawe. Urugero, uburyo busanzwe bwa bateri yo mu rugo, nka Tesla Powerwall, bufite ubushobozi bwa 13.5kWh. Mu buryo bunyuranye, EV isanzwe ifite ubushobozi bwa 65kWh, bingana n’inkuta za Tesla hafi eshanu. Kubera ubushobozi bwa bateri bunini, EV yuzuye umuriro ishobora gufasha inzu isanzwe iminsi myinshi yikurikiranya cyangwa irenga iyo ihujwe n’izuba ryo hejuru y’inzu.

kuva ku modoka kugera ku rubuga rwa interineti – V2G
Imodoka ijya kuri gridi (V2G) niho igice gito cy'ingufu za bateri ya EV zibitswe cyoherezwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi iyo bikenewe, bitewe n'uburyo serivisi itangwa. Kugira ngo winjire muri gahunda za V2G, hakenewe charger ya DC igana impande zombi hamwe na EV ijyanye nayo. Birumvikana ko hari inyungu z'amafaranga zo kubikora kandi ba nyiri EV bahabwa inguzanyo cyangwa bakagabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi. EV zifite V2G zishobora kandi gutuma nyiri EV yitabira gahunda y'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi (VPP) kugira ngo rwongere ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza no gutanga ingufu mu gihe cy'ubusabe bwinshi. EV nkeya muri ubu zifite ubushobozi bwo gusharija V2G na DC igana impande zombi; izi zirimo Nissan Leaf (ZE1) ya nyuma na Mitsubishi Outlander cyangwa Eclipse plug-in hybrids.

Nubwo byamamazwa, kimwe mu bibazo biri mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya V2G ni imbogamizi mu mikorere no kutagira gahunda zisanzwe zo gushyushya amashanyarazi n'ibihuza. Imashini zishyushya amashanyarazi, kimwe n'imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, zifatwa nk'ubundi buryo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi kandi zigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yose agenga umutekano no kuzimya amashanyarazi mu gihe habayeho ikibazo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo batsinde izi ngorane, bamwe mu bakora imodoka, nka Ford, bakoze sisitemu zoroshye zo gushyushya amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya AC zikoresha amashanyarazi ya Ford EV gusa kugira ngo zitange amashanyarazi mu rugo aho kohereza mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Izindi, nka Nissan, zikoresha ibyuma bishyushya amashanyarazi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga nka Wallbox Quasar, byasobanuwe mu buryo burambuye hepfo. Menya byinshi ku byiza by'ikoranabuhanga rya V2G.
Muri iki gihe, imodoka nyinshi za EV zifite aho zihurira n’imodoka zisanzwe za CCS DC. Kuri ubu, imodoka yonyine ya EV ikoresha aho zihurira n’imodoka ya CCS mu gusharija impande ebyiri ni Ford F-150 Lightning EV iherutse gusohoka. Ariko, izindi modoka za EV zifite aho zihurira na CCS zizaboneka zifite ubushobozi bwa V2H na V2G mu gihe cya vuba, aho VW itangaza ko imodoka zayo zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gutanga aho zihurira impande ebyiri mu 2023.
2. Imodoka ijya mu rugo – V2H
Imodoka ijya mu rugo (V2H) isa na V2G, ariko ingufu zikoreshwa mu rugo aho kuzishyira mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Ibi bituma amashanyarazi ya EV akora nk'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha batiri mu rugo kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kwikorera, cyane cyane iyo ihujwe n'izuba ryo hejuru y'inzu. Ariko, inyungu igaragara cyane ya V2H ni ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu zo gusimbura mu gihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi.

Kugira ngo V2H ikore, ikenera charger ya EV y’icyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho, harimo na meter y’ingufu (CT meter) ishyirwa ku gice cy’ingenzi cy’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi. CT meter igenzura urujya n’uruza rw’ingufu ijya cyangwa iva ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Iyo sisitemu ibonye ingufu za grid zikoreshwa n’urugo rwawe, imenyesha charger ya EV y’icyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri kohereza ingano ingana, bityo igakuraho ingufu zose zikomoka ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, iyo sisitemu ibonye ingufu zisohoka mu kirere ziturutse ku mirasire y’izuba yo hejuru, irayihindura kugira ngo ishyushe EV, bisa cyane n’uburyo charger za EV zigezweho zikora. Kugira ngo ishyushe amashanyarazi yongere imbaraga mu gihe habaye ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi cyangwa ikibazo, sisitemu ya V2H igomba kuba ishobora kumenya ibura ry’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi no kuwutandukanya n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhuza (switch). Ibi bizwi nka islanding, kandi inverter y’icyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri ikora nk’inverter idakoresha grid ikoresha bateri ya EV. Ibikoresho byo gutandukanya grid birakenewe kugira ngo ishobore gukora backup, kimwe na hybrid inverters zikoreshwa muri sisitemu za bateri zongere imbaraga.