V2H V2G V2L He aha ngā whakamahinga o te utunga ā-rua?

He aha ngā whakamahinga o te utunga ā-rua?
E rua ngā whakamahinga e taea ai te whakamahi i ngā rihi hiko e rua ngā ahunga. Ko te tuatahi, ko te mea e kōrerohia ana ko te Waka-ki-te-Whatunga, ko te V2G rānei, i hangaia hei tuku, hei kaweake rānei i te pūngao ki te whatunga hiko ina nui te tono. Mena ka monohia, ka whakahohehia hoki ngā mano tini o ngā waka me te hangarau V2G, ka taea e tēnei te whakarerekē i te āhua o te penapena me te whakaputa hiko i runga i te tauine nui. He nui, he kaha ngā pākahiko o ngā EV, nō reira ka nui rawa te mana o ngā mano tini o ngā waka me te V2G. Kia mahara ko te V2X he kupu e whakamahia ana i ētahi wā hei whakaahua i ngā momo e toru e whakaahuatia ana i raro nei.

Waka-ki-te-whatunga, V2G rānei – Ka kaweake te pūngao e te EV hei tautoko i te whatunga hiko.
Waka-ki-te-kāinga, V2H rānei – Ka whakamahia te pūngao EV hei whakakaha i te kāinga, i te pakihi rānei.
Waka-ki-te-uta, V2L rānei * – Ka taea te whakamahi i te EV hei whakakaha i ngā taputapu, hei utu rānei i ētahi atu EV
* Kāore e hiahiatia he rihi taha-rua mō te V2L hei whakahaere

Ko te whakamahinga tuarua o ngā rihi hiko EV rua-ara ko te Waka-ki-te-kāinga, te V2H rānei. E ai ki ngā ingoa, mā te V2H ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi EV hei pūnaha pākahiko kāinga hei penapena i te kaha o te rā me te whakakaha i tō kāinga. Hei tauira, ko te kaha o tētahi pūnaha pākahiko kāinga noa, pērā i te Tesla Powerwall, he 13.5kWh. He rerekē, ko te kaha o tētahi EV toharite he 65kWh, he rite ki te tata ki te rima ngā Tesla Powerwall. Nā te nui o te kaha o te pākahiko, ka taea e tētahi EV kua whakakīia katoatia te tautoko i tētahi kāinga toharite mō ētahi rā karapīpiti, mō te roa atu rānei ina honoa ki te hiko rā o runga o te tuanui.

waka-ki-te whatunga – V2G
Ko te waka-ki-te-whatunga (V2G) te wāhi e tukuna atu ai he wāhanga iti o te pūngao pākahiko EV kua rongoatia ki te whatunga hiko ina hiahiatia, i runga i te whakaritenga ratonga. Hei whai wāhi atu ki ngā kaupapa V2G, me whai rihi DC rua-ara me te EV hototahi. He pono, he maha ngā whakatenatena pūtea hei mahi i tēnei, ā, ka whakawhiwhia ngā kaipupuri EV ki ngā whiwhinga, ki ngā utu hiko iti rānei. Ka taea hoki e ngā EV me te V2G te āhei i te kaipupuri ki te whai wāhi atu ki tētahi kaupapa tipu hiko mariko (VPP) hei whakapai ake i te pumau o te whatunga me te tuku hiko i ngā wā tino hiahia. He iti noa iho ngā EV kei a rātou te kaha V2G me te utu DC rua-ara i tēnei wā; kei roto i ēnei ko te tauira hou o Nissan Leaf (ZE1) me te Mitsubishi Outlander, te Eclipse plug-in hybrids rānei.

Ahakoa te rongonui, ko tētahi o ngā raruraru o te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau V2G ko ngā wero ture me te kore o ngā kawa utu rua-ara paerewa me ngā hononga. Ko ngā rihi rua-ara, pērā i ngā inverters solar, e kiia ana ko tētahi atu momo whakaputa hiko, ā, me tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru me te whakaweto ture katoa mēnā ka pakaru te whatunga hiko. Hei whakakore i ēnei uauatanga, kua whakawhanakehia e ētahi kaihanga waka, pērā i a Ford, ngā pūnaha utu rua-ara AC māmā e mahi ana me ngā EV Ford anake hei tuku hiko ki te kāinga, kaua ki te kaweake ki te whatunga hiko. Ko ētahi atu, pērā i a Nissan, e whakamahi ana i ngā rihi rua-ara whānui pērā i te Wallbox Quasar, e whakamāramahia ana i raro nei. Ako atu mō ngā painga o te hangarau V2G.
I ēnei rā, ko te nuinga o ngā EV he tauranga utu CCS DC paerewa. I tēnei wā, ko te Ford F-150 Lightning EV anake e whakamahi ana i te tauranga CCS mō te utunga taha-rua ko te Ford F-150 Lightning EV i tukuna tata nei. Heoi, ka nui ake ngā EV me ngā tauranga hononga CCS ka wātea me te kaha V2H me te V2G i roto i ngā rā tata nei, me te panuitanga a VW ka tukuna pea e āna waka hiko ID te utunga taha-rua i te tau 2023.
2. Waka ki te Kāinga – V2H
He rite te V2H ki te V2G, engari ka whakamahia te hiko ā-rohe hei whakakaha i te whare, kaua ki te whāngai ki te whatunga hiko. Mā tēnei ka taea e te EV te mahi pērā i te pūnaha pākahiko o te whare noa hei āwhina i te whakanui ake i te mana motuhake, inā koa ka honoa ki te pūngao rā o runga o te whare. Heoi, ko te painga nui o te V2H ko te kaha ki te whakarato hiko tārua i te wā e mate ana te hiko.

Kia taea ai e V2H te whakahaere, me whai rihi hiko EV rua-ara hototahi me ngā taputapu tāpiri, tae atu ki tētahi mita pūngao (mita CT) kua tāutahia ki te pūwāhi hononga whatunga matua. Ka aroturukihia e te mita CT te rere o te pūngao ki te whatunga me te hoki mai. Ina kitea e te pūnaha te pūngao whatunga e pau ana i tō whare, ka tohu ki te rihi hiko EV rua-ara kia tukuna he nui ōrite, ā, ka whakataurite i tētahi hiko e tangohia ana mai i te whatunga. Waihoki, ina kitea e te pūnaha te pūngao e kaweake ana mai i tētahi huinga pūngao rā i runga i te tuanui, ka hurihia tēnei hei utu i te EV, he tino rite ki te mahi a ngā rihi hiko EV atamai. Hei whakahohe i te hiko tārua i roto i te wā e pōuri ana, e ohorere ana rānei, me taea e te pūnaha V2H te kite i te motuhanga o te whatunga me te wehe atu i te whatunga mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakapā aunoa (pana). E mōhiotia ana tēnei ko te motuhanga, ā, ko te kaitahuri rua-ara te mahi hei kaitahuri kore-whatunga mā te whakamahi i te pākahiko EV. Me whai taputapu wehe whatunga hei whakahohe i te mahi tārua, he rite ki ngā kaitahuri ranu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha pākahiko tārua.