Imboni Yezimoto ZaseVietnam: Ukuqonda Ithuba Le-B2B Lezinkampani Zakwamanye Amazwe

Phakathi koguquko oluphawulekayo lomhlaba wonke olushintsha ikusasa lezokuthutha, imakethe yezimoto zikagesi (i-EV) imi phambili ekusungulweni kwezinto ezintsha emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele kanti neVietnam nayo ayihlukile.

Lokhu akuyona nje into eholwa ngabathengi. Njengoba imboni ye-EV ikhula ngamandla, ukwanda kokubambisana kwebhizinisi nebhizinisi (B2B) kuye kwaqala, lapho izinkampani zinganikeza izingxenye nezingxenye noma izinsizakalo ezengeziwe zivula amathuba amaningi anenzuzo. Kusukela esidingweni esikhulayo sengqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV kuya endaweni eguquguqukayo yokukhiqizwa nokuhlinzekwa kwamabhethri, umhlaba wamathuba ulindele.

Kodwa eVietnam, imboni ayikathuthuki kangako. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkampani ezimakethe zingase zizuze enzuzweni yokuqala; noma kunjalo, lokhu kungaba yinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili ngoba kungadingeka zitshale imali ekuthuthukiseni imakethe iyonke.

Sinalokhu engqondweni, sinikeza umbono omfushane wamathuba e-B2B embonini yezimoto zikagesi eVietnam.

Izinselelo zokungena emakethe yezimoto zikagesi zaseVietnam
Ingqalasizinda
Imakethe ye-EV eVietnam ibhekene nezingqinamba eziningi ezihlobene nengqalasizinda. Njengoba isidingo sama-EV sikhula, ukusungulwa kwenethiwekhi yokushaja eqinile kuba yinto ebalulekile ukusekela ukwamukelwa kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, iVietnam okwamanje ibhekene nemikhawulo ngenxa yokuntuleka kweziteshi zokushaja, amandla anele egridi yamandla, kanye nokungabikho kwezinqubo zokushaja ezijwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zici zingadala ubunzima bokusebenza kwamabhizinisi.
“Kukhona nezinselele zokuhlangabezana nomgomo wemboni ye-EV wokuguqula izimoto, njengohlelo lwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha olungakahlangabezani noguquko oluqinile oluya kugesi,” kusho iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha, uLe Anh Tuan, etshela i-workshop ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule.

Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uhulumeni uyazi ngezinselelo zesakhiwo futhi cishe uzosekela izinhlelo eziholwa ngumkhakha ozimele ezithuthukisa ingqalasizinda ebalulekile evumelayo.

Ukuncintisana okuvela kubadlali abaziwayo
Inselele engaba khona kubabambiqhaza bakwamanye amazwe abamukela indlela yokulinda nokubona ingase ivele ekuncintisaneni okukhulu emakethe yaseVietnam. Njengoba amandla embonini yezimoto zikagesi zaseVietnam eqhubeka, ukwanda kwamabhizinisi angaphandle angena kulo mkhakha okhulayo kungabangela ukuncintisana okukhulu.

Amabhizinisi e-B2B emakethe yezimoto zikagesi eVietnam awagcini nje ngokubhekana nokuncintisana okuvela kubadlali abaziwayo basekhaya, njengeVinFast, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Laba badlali bavame ukuba nolwazi oluningi, izinsizakusebenza, kanye neziteshi zokuhlinzeka ezizinzile. Abadlali abakhulu kule makethe, njengeTesla (e-USA), i-BYD (eShayina), kanye neVolkswagen (eJalimane), bonke banezimoto zikagesi okungaba yinselele ukuncintisana nazo.

Inqubomgomo kanye nemvelo yokulawula
Imakethe ye-EV, njengezinye izimboni, ithonywa yizinqubomgomo nemithetho kahulumeni. Ngisho nangemva kokuba kufinyelelwe ekubambisaneni phakathi kwezinkampani ezimbili, zisengabhekana nezinselele ezihlobene nokubhekana nemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi nehlala ishintsha, ukuthola izimvume ezidingekayo, kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi.

Muva nje, uhulumeni waseVietnam ukhiphe isimemezelo esilawula ukuhlolwa kanye nesitifiketi sokuphepha kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo yezimoto nezingxenye ezingenisiwe. Lokhu kunezela ungqimba olwengeziwe lwemithethonqubo yabangenisi. Isinqumo sizoqala ukusebenza ezingxenyeni zezimoto kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMfumfu 2023, bese sisebenza ezimotweni ezenziwe ngokugcwele kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 2025.

Izinqubomgomo ezinjengalezi zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nenzuzo yamabhizinisi asebenza emkhakheni we-EV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ezinqubweni zikahulumeni, izikhuthazo, kanye nezibonelelo zingadala ukungaqiniseki futhi zithinte ukuhlela ibhizinisi isikhathi eside.

Ukutholwa kwamathalente, igebe lamakhono
Ukuze kube nezivumelwano ze-B2B eziphumelelayo, izinsizakusebenza zabantu zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba imboni ikhula, kunesidingo sochwepheshe abanamakhono abanobuchwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe be-EV. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola ochwepheshe abanamakhono kungaba yinselele emabhizinisini aseVietnam njengoba kusenokuntuleka kwezikhungo zemfundo eziqeqesha ngqo le mboni. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zingase zibhekane nezingqinamba ekuqasheni nasekugcineni abasebenzi abafanelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane elisheshayo lokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe lidinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kwabasebenzi abakhona, okungenza inkinga ibe nkulu nakakhulu.

Amathuba
Naphezu kwezinselele ezikhona emakethe ye-EV yasekhaya, kusobala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-EV kuzoqhubeka nokukhula njengoba ukukhathazeka okuphathelene nokungcoliswa komoya, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokuncipha kwemithombo yamandla kuyanda.

Ngaphakathi komongo waseVietnam, ukwanda okuthakazelisayo kwesithakazelo samakhasimende ekwamukelweni kwe-EV kuye kwabonakala ngokwengeziwe. Inani lama-EV eVietnam kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele amayunithi ayisigidi esingu-1 ngo-2028 kanye namayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-3.5 ngo-2040, ngokusho kwe-Statista. Lesi sidingo esiphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuthaze ezinye izimboni ezisekelayo, njengengqalasizinda, izixazululo zokushaja, kanye nezinsizakalo ze-EV ezihambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, imboni ye-EV esanda kuvela eVietnam inikeza indawo evundile yokusebenzisana kwe-B2B namathuba okwakha ubudlelwano obuhlelekile futhi isebenzise lesi simo semakethe esikhulayo.

Ukukhiqiza izingxenye kanye nobuchwepheshe
EVietnam, kunamathuba amakhulu e-B2B emkhakheni wezingxenye zezimoto kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-EV emakethe yezimoto kudale isidingo sezingxenye ezahlukahlukene njengamathayi nezingxenye ezisele kanye nesidingo semishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Isibonelo esiphawulekayo kulesi sizinda yi-ABB yaseSweden, eyanikeza amarobhothi angaphezu kwe-1,000 efektri yeVinFast eHai Phong. Ngala marobhothi, iVinFast ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezithuthuthu zikagesi nezimoto. Lokhu kugqamisa amathuba ezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe okufaka isandla ngobuchwepheshe bazo kumarobhothi kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwendawo.

Enye intuthuko ebalulekile ukutshalwa kwezimali kweFoxconn esifundazweni saseQuang Ninh, lapho inkampani ivunyelwe khona nguhulumeni waseVietnam ukutshala imali eyizigidi ezingama-US$246 kumaphrojekthi amabili. Ingxenye enkulu yalolu tshalomali, olufinyelela ku-US$200 million, izokwabelwa ukusungulwa kwefektri ezinikele ekukhiqizeni amashaja e-EV kanye nezingxenye. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kuqale ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2025.

Ukushaja kwe-EV kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe ye-EV kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwakha iziteshi zokushaja nokuthuthukisa amagridi kagesi. Kule ndawo, iVietnam ivuthwe ngamathuba okubambisana.

Isibonelo, isivumelwano esasayinwa phakathi kwePetrolimex Group neVinFast ngoJuni 2022 sizobona iziteshi zokushaja zeVinFast zifakwa kunethiwekhi enkulu yeziteshi zikaphethiloli zePetrolimex. I-VinFast izophinde ihlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zokuqasha amabhethri futhi ihlinzeke ngokwakhiwa kweziteshi zokulungisa ezizinikele ekulungisweni kwama-EV.

Ukuhlanganiswa kweziteshi zokushaja ngaphakathi kweziteshi zikaphethiloli ezikhona akwenzi nje kuphela kube lula ngabanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ukushaja izimoto zabo kodwa futhi kwenza ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda ekhona kulethe izinzuzo kokubili emabhizinisini asafufusa kanye namabhizinisi avamile emkhakheni wezimoto.

Ukuqonda imakethe yezinsizakalo ze-EV
Imboni ye-EV inikeza izinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene ngale kokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa izixazululo zokuqasha i-EV kanye nokuhambahamba.

Izinsizakalo zeVinFast kanye namatekisi
I-VinFast isithathe isinqumo sokuqasha izimoto zayo zikagesi ezinkampanini zezinsizakalo zokuthutha. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi inkampani yabo engaphansi, i-Green Sustainable Mobility (GSM), ibe ngenye yezinkampani zokuqala eVietnam ukunikeza le nsizakalo.
I-Lado Taxi iphinde yahlanganisa ama-EV e-VinFast acishe abe yi-1,000, ahlanganisa amamodeli, njenge-VF e34s kanye ne-VF 5sPlus, ukuze ihlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zayo zamatekisi kagesi ezifundazweni ezifana neLam Dong kanye neBinh Duong.

Kwesinye isenzakalo esibalulekile, iSun Taxi isayine inkontileka neVinFast yokuthenga izimoto ezingu-3,000 ze-VF 5s Plus, ezimele ukuthengwa kwezimoto ezinkulu kunazo zonke eVietnam kuze kube manje, ngokusho kweVingroup Financial Report H1 2023.

I-Selex Motors kanye ne-Lazada Logistics
NgoMeyi walo nyaka, i-Selex Motors kanye ne-Lazada Logistics basayine isivumelwano sokusebenzisa ama-scooter kagesi e-Selex Camel emisebenzini yabo eHo Chi Minh City naseHanoi. Njengengxenye yesivumelwano, i-Selex Motors yadlulisela ama-scooter kagesi ku-Lazada Logistics ngoDisemba 2022, ngezinhlelo zokusebenzisa okungenani izimoto ezinjalo eziyi-100 ngo-2023.

I-Dat Bike ne-Gojek
I-Dat Bike, inkampani yezikuta zikagesi yaseVietnam, yathatha igxathu elikhulu embonini yezokuthutha lapho iqala ukusebenzisana neGojek ngoMeyi walo nyaka. Lokhu kubambisana kuhlose ukuguqula izinsizakalo zokuthutha ezinikezwa yiGojek, okuhlanganisa i-GoRide yokuthutha abagibeli, i-GoFood yokulethwa kokudla, kanye ne-GoSend ngezinjongo zokulethwa okujwayelekile. Ukuze yenze lokhu izosebenzisa isithuthuthu sikagesi seDat Bike esisezingeni eliphezulu, i-Dat Bike Weaver++, ekusebenzeni kwayo.

I-VinFast, i-Be Group, kanye ne-VPBank
I-VinFast itshale imali ngqo enkampanini yezimoto zobuchwepheshe i-Be Group, futhi yasayina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana ukuze kuqaliswe ukusebenza kwezithuthuthu zikagesi ze-VinFast. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusekelwa yi-Vietnam Prosperity Commercial Joint Stock Bank (VPBank), abashayeli be-Be Group banikezwa izinzuzo ezikhethekile uma kukhulunywa ngokuqasha noma ukuba nemoto kagesi ye-VinFast.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele
Njengoba imakethe ikhula futhi izinkampani ziqinisa isikhundla sazo emakethe, zidinga inethiwekhi eqinile yabahlinzeki, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo, kanye nabalingani ukuze baqhubeke nokusebenza kwabo ukuze bahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo. Lokhu kuvula amathuba okubambisana kwe-B2B kanye nokubambisana nabantu abasha abangenayo abanganikeza izixazululo ezintsha, izingxenye ezikhethekile, noma izinsizakalo ezihambisanayo.

Nakuba kusenemikhawulo nobunzima kumabhizinisi kulo mkhakha osafufusa, akukho ukuphika amathuba esikhathi esizayo njengoba ukwamukelwa kwe-EV kuhambisana neziqondiso zesenzo sezulu kanye nokuzwela kwabathengi.

Ngokubambisana kwe-supply chain kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zangemva kokuthengisa, amabhizinisi e-B2B angasebenzisa amandla omunye nomunye, akhuthaze ukusungula izinto ezintsha, futhi anikele ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemboni ye-EV yaseVietnam.