Inganda za EV muri Vietnam: Gusobanukirwa amahirwe ya B2B ku bigo by'amahanga

Hagati mu mpinduka zikomeye ku isi zirimo kuvugurura ahazaza h’ubwikorezi, isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) riri ku isonga mu guhanga udushya mu bihugu byinshi ku isi kandi na Vietnam nayo ni uko.

Ibi si ibintu biyobowe n’abaguzi gusa. Uko inganda z’amashanyarazi zigenda zitera imbere, ubufatanye hagati y’ibigo n’ibigo (B2B) bwarushijeho kwiyongera, aho ibigo bishobora gutanga ibice n’ibice cyangwa serivisi z’inyongera bitanga amahirwe menshi y’inyungu. Kuva ku gukenera ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi kugeza ku rwego rwo gukora no gutanga bateri, isi y’amahirwe irategereje.

Ariko muri Vietnam, inganda ntiratera imbere cyane. Muri urwo rwego, amasosiyete ari ku isoko ashobora kungukirwa n’inyungu ya mbere; icyakora, ibi bishobora no kuba inkota y’ubugi bubiri kuko ashobora gukenera gushora imari mu guteza imbere isoko muri rusange.

Dufite ibi mu mutwe, turatanga incamake ngufi y'amahirwe ya B2B mu nganda zikora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Vietnam.

Imbogamizi zinjira ku isoko ry'imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi muri Vietnam
Ibikorwaremezo
Isoko ry’amashanyarazi ya EV muri Vietnam rihura n’imbogamizi nyinshi zijyanye n’ibikorwa remezo. Kubera ko umubare munini w’amashanyarazi ya EV ukomeje kwiyongera, hashyizweho umuyoboro ukomeye wo gushyushya umuriro kugira ngo hashyigikirwe ikoreshwa ryawo. Ariko, muri iki gihe Vietnam ifite imbogamizi bitewe n’ubuke bw’aho gushyushya umuriro, ubushobozi buke bw’amashanyarazi, ndetse no kutagira amabwiriza asanzwe yo gushyushya umuriro. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibi bintu bishobora guteza ingorane mu mikorere y’ibigo.
Minisitiri wungirije ushinzwe ubwikorezi, Le Anh Tuan, yabwiye amahugurwa mu mpera z'umwaka ushize ati: “Hari kandi imbogamizi mu kugera ku ntego y’inganda za EV zo guhindura imodoka, nko kuba ibikorwa remezo by’ubwikorezi bitaragera ku mpinduka zikomeye zijya ku mashanyarazi.”

Ibi bigaragaza ko leta izi imbogamizi ziri mu miterere yayo kandi ko ishobora gushyigikira gahunda ziyobowe n’abikorera ku giti cyabo zigamije guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi bifasha abaturage.

Amarushanwa y'abakinnyi bazwi
Ikibazo gishobora kuba ku bafatanyabikorwa b'abanyamahanga bahitamo gutegereza no kureba gishobora guterwa n'ihiganwa rikomeye ku isoko rya Vietnam. Uko imbaraga z'inganda za EV muri Vietnam zigenda zikura, kwiyongera kw'ibigo by'abanyamahanga binjira muri uru rwego bishobora gutera ipiganwa rikomeye.

Ubucuruzi bwa B2B ku isoko rya EV muri Vietnam ntibuhura gusa n'abakinnyi bakomeye mu gihugu, nka VinFast, ahubwo buhura n'abaturutse mu bindi bihugu. Aba bakinnyi bakunze kugira ubunararibonye bwinshi, amikoro, n'urusobe rw'ibikoresho ruzwi. Abakinnyi bakomeye muri iri soko, nka Tesla (USA), BYD (Ubushinwa), na Volkswagen (Ubudage), bose bafite imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora kuba ingorabahizi guhangana nazo.

Politiki n'amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije
Isoko ry’imodoka za EV, kimwe n’izindi nganda, rigengwa na politiki n’amabwiriza ya leta. Nubwo habayeho ubufatanye hagati y’ibigo bibiri, bishobora guhura n’imbogamizi zijyanye no kugenzura amabwiriza agoye kandi ahora ahinduka, kubona impushya zikenewe, no kubahiriza amahame y’ubuziranenge.

Vuba aha, guverinoma ya Viyetinamu yasohoye itegeko rigenga igenzura n'iyemezo ry'umutekano wa tekiniki no kurengera ibidukikije ku modoka n'ibice byazo bitumijwe mu mahanga. Ibi byongeraho andi mabwiriza ku batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Iri tegeko rizatangira gukurikizwa ku bice by'imodoka guhera ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2023, hanyuma rikoreshwe ku modoka zakozwe neza kuva mu ntangiriro za Kanama 2025.

Politiki nk'iyi ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho myiza n'inyungu by'ibigo bikora mu rwego rwa EV. Byongeye kandi, impinduka muri politiki za leta, inkunga, n'inkunga zishobora guteza ikibazo no kugira ingaruka ku igenamigambi ry'ubucuruzi ry'igihe kirekire.

Kubona impano, icyuho mu bumenyi
Kugira ngo amasezerano ya B2B agende neza, abakozi bagira uruhare runini cyane. Uko inganda zigenda zikura, hari hakenewe abahanga bafite ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga rya EV. Ariko, kubona abahanga babishoboye bishobora kuba imbogamizi ku bucuruzi muri Vietnam kuko hakiri ibura ry'ibigo by'amashuri bihugura by'umwihariko kuri uru rwego. Bityo, amasosiyete ashobora guhura n'imbogamizi mu gushaka no kugumana abakozi babishoboye. Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wihuse w'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga usaba amahugurwa ahoraho no kongera ubumenyi ku bakozi basanzwe, ibi bikaba bishobora kongera ikibazo.

Amahirwe
Nubwo hari imbogamizi zihari ku isoko ry’ingufu za EV mu gihugu, biragaragara ko umusaruro w’ingufu za EV uzakomeza kwiyongera uko impungenge zijyanye n’ihumana ry’ikirere, imyuka ihumanya ikirere, no kugabanuka k’umutungo w’ingufu zikoreshwa mu kugabanya ingufu ...

Muri Vietnam, ukwiyongera gushimishije kw'abakiriya mu gukoresha amashanyarazi byarushijeho kugaragara. Umubare w'imodoka za EV muri Vietnam witezweho kugera kuri miliyoni 1 mu 2028 na miliyoni 3.5 mu 2040, nk'uko Statista ibivuga. Iki cyifuzo kinini cyitezweho gutanga ingufu ku zindi nganda zishyigikira, nk'ibikorwaremezo, ibisubizo byo kwishyuza, na serivisi z'inyongera za EV. Bityo, inganda zikiri nshya za EV muri Vietnam zitanga ishingiro ry'ubufatanye bwa B2B n'amahirwe yo gushyiraho ubufatanye mu by'ingenzi no kubyaza umusaruro iri soko ririmo kuzamuka.

Inganda n'ikoranabuhanga mu gukora ibice
Muri Vietnam, hari amahirwe menshi ya B2B mu bijyanye n'ibice by'imodoka n'ikoranabuhanga. Guhuza imodoka za EV ku isoko ry'imodoka byatumye habaho gukenera ibice bitandukanye nk'amapine n'ibice bisimbura ibindi ndetse no gukenera imashini zigezweho.
Urugero rumwe rugaragara muri uru rwego ni ABB yo muri Suwede, yahaye uruganda rwa VinFast ruri i Hai Phong robots zisaga 1.000. Muri izi robots, VinFast igamije kongera umusaruro wa moto n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ibi bigaragaza ko amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ashobora gutanga ubumenyi bwayo mu bijyanye na robots no gukora ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo ashyigikire inganda zo mu gihugu.

Indi ntambwe ikomeye ni ishoramari rya Foxconn mu ntara ya Quang Ninh, aho iyi sosiyete yemerewe na guverinoma ya Viyetinamu gushora miliyoni 246 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu mishinga ibiri. Igice kinini cy'iri shoramari, kingana na miliyoni 200 z'amadolari y'Amerika, kizashyirwa mu bikorwa ry'uruganda rwagenewe gukora amashanyarazi ya EV n'ibice byayo. Biteganijwe ko ibi bizatangira gukora muri Mutarama 2025.

Guteza imbere amashanyarazi ya EV n'ibikorwa remezo
Iterambere ryihuse ry'isoko rya EV risaba ishoramari rinini, cyane cyane mu iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo. Ibi birimo kubaka sitasiyo zo gusharija no kuvugurura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Muri uru rwego, Vietnam ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukorana.

Urugero, amasezerano yasinywe hagati ya Petrolimex Group na VinFast muri Kamena 2022 azashyira sitasiyo za VinFast zo gushyushya lisansi ku muyoboro munini wa sitasiyo za lisansi za Petrolimex. VinFast izanatanga serivisi zo gukodesha bateri no koroshya ishyirwaho rya sitasiyo zo gusana imodoka za EV.

Guhuza sitasiyo zo gushyushya muri sitasiyo za lisansi zisanzweho ntibyorohereza gusa ba nyiri amashanyarazi gushyushya imodoka zabo, ahubwo binatuma ibikorwa remezo bihari bitanga inyungu ku bucuruzi bukiri bushya ndetse n’ubusanzwe mu bijyanye n’imodoka.

Gusobanukirwa isoko rya serivisi z'amashanyarazi
Inganda za EV zitanga serivisi zitandukanye zirenze izo mu nganda, harimo no gukodesha EV no gutanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu n'ibintu.

Serivisi za VinFast na Tagisi
VinFast yiyemeje gukodesha imodoka zayo zikoresha amashanyarazi ku bigo bitanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Ikigaragara ni uko ishami ryabo, Green Sustainable Mobility (GSM), ryabaye rimwe mu masosiyete ya mbere muri Vietnam atanga iyi serivisi.
Lado Taxi yanashyize hamwe imodoka za VinFast EV zigera ku 1.000, zirimo ubwoko bwa VF e34 na VF 5sPlus, kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu gutanga serivisi za tagisi zikoresha amashanyarazi mu ntara nka Lam Dong na Binh Duong.

Mu kindi gikorwa gikomeye, Sun Taxi yasinye amasezerano na VinFast yo kugura imodoka 3.000 za VF 5s Plus, zikaba ari zo modoka nini cyane zaguzwe muri Vietnam kugeza ubu, nk'uko bigaragara muri raporo y'imari ya Vingroup H1 2023.

Selex Motors na Lazada Logistics
Muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, Selex Motors na Lazada Logistics basinye amasezerano yo gukoresha scooters z'amashanyarazi za Selex Camel mu bikorwa byabo mu Mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh na Hanoi. Nk'uko amasezerano abiteganya, Selex Motors yashyikirije Lazada Logistics scooters z'amashanyarazi mu Kuboza 2022, ifite gahunda yo gukoresha nibura imodoka 100 nk'izo muri 2023.

Dat Bike na Gojek
Dat Bike, ikigo cy’amashanyarazi cya Vietnam, cyateye intambwe ikomeye mu bijyanye n’ubwikorezi ubwo cyakoranaga na Gojek mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi uyu mwaka. Ubu bufatanye bugamije kuvugurura serivisi z’ubwikorezi zitangwa na Gojek, harimo GoRide yo gutwara abagenzi, GoFood yo gutanga ibiryo, na GoSend yo gutanga ibiryo muri rusange. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, kizakoresha moto igezweho ya Dat Bike, Dat Bike Weaver++, mu bikorwa byayo.

VinFast, Be Group, na VPBank
VinFast yashoye imari mu isosiyete y’imodoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ya Be Group, inasinya amasezerano y’ubufatanye yo gushyira mu bikorwa moto zikoresha amashanyarazi za VinFast. Byongeye kandi, ku nkunga ya Vietnam Prosperity Commercial Joint Stock Bank (VPBank), abashoferi ba Be Group bahabwa inyungu zihariye iyo bigeze ku gukodesha cyangwa gutunga imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ya VinFast.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe
Uko isoko rigenda ryaguka n'ibigo bikomeza gushyira imbaraga mu isoko, bisaba ihuriro rikomeye ry'abatanga serivisi, abatanga serivisi, n'abafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo bakomeze ibikorwa byabo kugira ngo bahaze ibyifuzo bikomeje kwiyongera. Ibi bifungura inzira z'ubufatanye bwa B2B n'ubufatanye n'abashya bashobora gutanga ibisubizo bishya, ibice byihariye, cyangwa serivisi zuzuzanya.

Nubwo hakiri imbogamizi n'ingorane ku bucuruzi muri uru rwego rurimo gutera imbere, ntawahakana amahirwe y'ejo hazaza kuko gukoresha amashanyarazi bijyana n'amabwiriza agenga imihindagurikire y'ikirere ndetse n'uburyo abaguzi babyumva.

Binyuze mu bufatanye mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’ibikoresho ndetse no gutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, ibigo bya B2B bishobora gukoresha imbaraga za buri kimwe, guteza imbere udushya, no gutanga umusanzu mu iterambere rusange ry’inganda za EV muri Vietnam.